| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,219 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,690 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,569,434 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,849,029 |
رابطه شخصیت پویا و قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی | ||
| پژوهش مدیریت آموزش کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 7، شماره 34، آذر 1394، صفحه 117-134 اصل مقاله (403.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaear.2016.106011 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید کریمی* 1؛ رضا موحدی2؛ حشمت الله سعدی2؛ احمد یعقوبی فرانی2 | ||
| 1استادیار/گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا | ||
| 2هیات علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اگرچه در گذشته پژوهشهای زیادی درباره تاثیر مستقیم ویژگیهای شخصیتی بر قصد و رفتار کارآفرینانه انجام شده است اما به علت اینکه این ویژگیها توان پیش بینی کننده خوبی نداشتند، مورد انتقاد جدی قرار گرفتند. اخیرا صاحب نظران پیشنهاد میکنند که تاثیر ویژگیهای شخصیتی بر قصد و رفتار کارآفرینی بیشتر به صورت غیرمستقیم و از طریق عوامل انگیزشی کارآفرینانه صورت میپذیرد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر هم آن بود که با ادغام یک ویژگی شخصیتی مهم (یعنی شخصیت پویا) درون تئوری رفتار برنامه ریزی شده، نقش واسطهای عوامل انگیزشی (یعنی نگرش نسبت به کارآفرینی و کنترل رفتاری درک شده) را در روابط بین این ویژگی شخصیتی و قصد کارآفرینانه مورد بررسی قرار دهد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی میباشد. دادههای پژوهش از طریق پرسشنامه از نمونهای متشکل از 300 دانشجوی کشاورزی در چهار دانشگاه دولتی در غرب کشور، جمعآوری گردید. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه را گروهی از خبرگان بررسی و تایید کردند و پایایی بخشهای مختلف آن نیز با استفاده از ضریب تتای ترتیبی مورد تایید قرار گرفت (75/0 تا 82/0). نتایج حاصل از مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری و بوت استرپ نشان دادند که کنترل رفتاری و نگرش کارآفرینی در رابطه بین هنجارهای ذهنی و شخصیت پویا با قصد کارآفرینانه نقش واسطهای داشتند. هنجارهای ذهنی و شخصیت پویا از طریق کنترل رفتاری و نگرش کارآفرینی اثرغیرمستقیم و مثبت بر قصد کارآفرینانه داشتند. یافتههای به دست آمده بیانگر نقش مهم شخصیت پویا در فرایند کارآفرینی میباشد. کاربرد نتایج این پژوهش در ارتباط با توسعه قصد کارآفرینانه و آموزش کارآفرینی مورد بحث قرار میگیرند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| قصد کارآفرینانه؛ شخصیت پویا؛ تئوری رفتار برنامه ریزی شده؛ دانشجویان کشاورزی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Relationship between Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intentions among Agricultural Students | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Early research which focused on the direct effects of personality traits on entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours have been criticized for their low predictive capacity. Recently researchers suggest that personality characteristics may affect entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours via entrepreneurial perceptions and motivational factors. The primary purpose of this study was to incorporate an important personality trait (namely, proactive personality) into the theory of planned behavior to examine the extent to which motivational factors (namely, attitudes toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control) mediate the effects of students’ proactive personality on entrepreneurial intentions. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey from a sample of 300 senior agricultural students at four public universities in the west of Iran. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the research instrument was determined using Ordinal Theta coefficient (θ =0.75-0.82). Structural equation modeling and bootstrap procedure were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that attitudes toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control fully mediate the relationship of student subjective norms, proactivity and entrepreneurial intentions. The findings have implications for explaining attitudes toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control and direct attention on proactivity as an essential competence in the entrepreneurial process. Theoretical and practical implications for entrepreneurial intentions and education are discussed | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Entrepreneurial intentions, Proactive Personality, Theory of planned behavior, Agricultural students | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
بهارلو، مصطفی ؛ محمودی کیا، مریم و احمدی چگنی، سحر. (1392). بررسی رابطه شخصیت پویا با عملکرد شغلی با میانجی گری دگرگون سازی شغل و اشتیاق شغلی در کارکنان دفاتر آژانس های هواپیمایی شهر تهران. مجله روان شناسی اجتماعی، 8(28): 68-53. زارعی شمس آبادی، فهیمه؛ نوری ابوالقاسم و مولوی حسین. (1389). بررسی رابطهی شخصیت پویا و موفقیت کارراهه در کارکنان حوزهی ستادی و مراکر تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم پژشکی اصفهان. مدیریت اطلاات سلامت، 7(2): 215-206. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50: 179-211.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control .New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Bateman, T. S., and Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14: 103–118.
Baum, R., Locke, E.A., and Smith, K. (2001). A multi-dimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 292-303.
Becherer, R. C., and Maurer, J.G. (1999). The proactive personality disposition and entrepreneurial behavior among small company presidents. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(1): 28-36.
Bonnett, C. and Furnham, A. (1991). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? A study of adolescents interested in a young enterprise scheme. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12(3): 465-78.
Brockhaus, R. (1987). Entrepreneurial folklore. Journal of Small Business Management, 25: 1-6.
Cheung, G.W. & Lau, R.S. (2008). Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2): 296-325.
Crant, M. J. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 34: 42–50.
Crant, M.J. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80: 532-537.
Crant, M.J., and Bateman, T.S. (2000). Charismatic leadership viewed from above: The impact of proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21: 63-75.
Fairlie, R.W., and Holleran, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2): 366-378.
Fini, R., Grimaldi, R., Marzocchi, G.L. and Sobrero, M. (2012). The Determinants of Corporate Entrepreneurial Intention within Small and Newly Established Firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2): 387-414.
Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York: Psychology Press (Taylor & Francis).
Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1): 39-50.
Frank, H., Lueger, M., and Korunka, C. (2007). The significance of personality in business start-up intentions, start-up realization and business success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19(3): 227-251.
Frese, M., and Fay, D. (2001). Personal Initiative (PI): A concept for work in the 21st century. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23: 133 – 188.
Garcia, LE. (2005). The quest for development in Latin America. Foreign Policy, January/February (146): 16-19.
Goethner, M., Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., and Cantner, U. (2012). Scientists’ transition to academic entrepreneurship: Economic and psychological determinants. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 628-641. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2011.12.002
Griffin, M. A., Parker, S. K., and Mason, C. M. (2010). Leader vision and the development of adaptive and proactive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95 (1): 174-182.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education
Heinonen, J., and Poikkijoki, S. A. (2006). An entrepreneurial-directed approach to entrepreneurship education: Mission impossible? Journal of Management Development, 25: 80–94.
Iakovleva, T. Kolvereid, L., and Stephan, U. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries. Education and Training (53) 5
Karimi, S., J.A. Biemans, H., Lans, T., Chizari, M., and Mulder, M. (2014). Effects of role models and gender on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(8): 694-727.
Kautonen, T., van Gelderen, M., and Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3): 655–674.
Kickul, J., and Gundry, L. K. 2002. Prospecting for strategic advantage: The proactive entrepreneurial personality and small firm innovation. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2): 85–97.
Koh, H.C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: A study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3): 12–25.
Kolvereid, L. & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21: 866-885
Kolvereid, L. (1996). Organizational employment versus self-employment: reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20 (3): 23–31.
Krejcie, R.V. and Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurements, 30: 608-610.
Krueger, N. (2000). The cognitive infrastructure of opportunity emergence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(3), 5–24.
Krueger, N., and Carsrud, A. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behavior. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5: 315–330.
Krueger, N.F., Jr. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18: 5-21.
Liñán, F., and Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
Liñán, F., Urbano, D., and Guerrero, M. (2011). Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(3-4): 187-215.
Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(l): 135-172.
Luthje, C., and Franke, N. (2003). The ‘making’ of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2): 135-147.
McClelland,D. C. (1986). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. In Keys to the Future of American Business, Proceedings of the Third Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Symposium, U.S. Small Business Administration and the National Center for Research in Vocational Education, Framingham, MA, (Addendum, pp. 1–14).
McGuire, S. (2003). Entrepreneurial organizational culture: Construct definition and instrument development and validation. Ph.D. dissertation, The George Washington University, United States.
Mitchell, R. K., Smith, J. B., Morse, E. A., Seawrigth, K. W., Peredo, A. M., and McKenzie, B. (2002). Are entrepreneurial cognition universal? Assessing entrepreneurial cognitions across cultures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4): 9–32.
Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., and Zarafshani, K. (2012). A Cross-Cultural Approach to Understanding Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Career Development, 39(2): 162-185.
Nabi, G., and Linan, F. (2013). Considering business start-up in recession time: The role of risk perception and economic context in shaping the entrepreneurial intent. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(6): 633-655.
Obschonka, M., Silbereisen R.K. and Schmitt-Rodermund E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77 (1): 63-72.
Parker, S. K. Bindl, U., and Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36: 827-856.
Parker, S. K., and Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management, 36: 633-662.
Prabhu, V. P., McGuire, S. J., Drost, E. A., and Kwong, K. K. (2012). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intent: Is entrepreneurial self-efficacy a mediator or moderator? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 18(5), 559–586.
Preacher, K. J., and Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
Preacher, K.J. & Hayes, A.F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3): 879-891.
Rauch, A., and Frese, M. (2007). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4): 353-385.
Schlaegel, C., and Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta-Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38 (2): 291–332.
Schramm, C.J. (2004). Building entrepreneurial economies. Foreign Affairs, 83(4), 104-115.
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., and Crant, J. M. (2001). What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54: 845–874.
Seibert, S.E., Crant, J.M. and Kraimer, M.L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84: 416-427.
Shaver, K.G., & Scott, L.R. (1991). Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 16 (4): 23-44.
Shook, C. L., Priem, R. L., and McGee, J. E. (2003). Venture creation and the enterprising individual: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 29(3): 379–399.
Shook, C.L., Ketchen, D.J.Jr., Hul,t G.T.M. and Kacmar, K.M. (2004). An assessment of the use of structural equation models in strategic management research. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 397–404.
Simon, M., and Houghton, S. M. (2002). The relationship among biases, misperceptions and introducing pioneering products: Examining differences in venture decision contexts. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 27: 105-124.
Veena P Prabhu, V.P., McGuire, J.S, Drost, E.A., and Kwong, K.K. (2012). Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intent: Is Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy a Mediator or Moderator?", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(5): 559 – 586.
Zampetakis, L. A. (2008). The role of creativity and proactivity on perceived entrepreneurial desirability. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(2): 154-162.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., and Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The Relationship of Personality to Entrepreneurial Intentions and Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Management, 36(2): 381-404.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S., and Hills, E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (6): 1265-1272.
Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C. (2007). Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 21–29 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,733 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,791 |
||