| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,073 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,096,351 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,004,921 |
Study on utricle morphological and micro-morphological characters of Carex subgenus Carex in Iran | ||
| Rostaniha | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، دی 2021، صفحه 1-19 اصل مقاله (1.08 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/botany.2021.351715.1216 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ensieh Pesarakloo1؛ Mohammad Amini Rad* 2؛ Ahmadreza Mehrabian3 | ||
| 1MSc Graduate, Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Research Assistant Prof., Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Carex, the largest genus of Cyperaceae family in the world and Iran, includes four subgenera, of which the subgenus Carex with 68 species in Flora Iranica area and 44 species in Iran is the largest subgenus. Due to morphological similarities between species, this genus is composed of several complex groups. The reproductive structures (inflorescence and flower) in this genus, especially utricle and nut, are of special importance for the identification and delimitation of species. In this research, the utricle characters among Carex species in Iran have been studied. In order to evaluate the morphological and micromorphological characters, herbarium samples were used and the obtained data were analyzed using PAST software Ver. 3.14. Utricle shape (general and transverse view), winged or wingless margin, wall material, the presence of veins and its number, the presence of hair and beak (shape and length) were more important than other characters. Identification key was prepared based on morphological characters for subgenus Carex in Iran. The morphological traits of utricle were useful only at the species level but were not effective at the section level and also the micromorphological traits were not effective at either the species level or the cluster level. Also, cluster analysis based on utricle morphological data did not confirm the conventional classifications of sections in the Flora Iranica and the Flora of Iran, but showed more agreement with phylogenetic results. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Cyperaceae؛ identification key؛ nut؛ SEM؛ taxonomy | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| ریخت‌شناسی و ریزریخت‌شناسی اوتریکول در گونه‌های Carex زیرجنس Carex در ایران | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| انسیه پسرکلو1؛ محمد امینی راد2؛ احمدرضا محرابیان3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد سیستماتیک و اکولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، ﻣﺆسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| جنس Carex، بزرگ‌ترین جنس تیره اویارسلام در دنیا و ایران، دارای چهار زیرجنس است که زیرجنس Carex با داشتن 68 گونه در محدوده فلورا ایرانیکا و 44 گونه در ایران بزرگ‌ترین زیرجنس می‌باشد. این جنس به دلیل داشتن شباهت‌های ریخت‌شناسی بین گونه‌ها، از گروه‌های کمپلکس متعددی تشکیل شده است. صفات مربوط به ساختارهای زایشی به ویژه اوتریکول و فندقه برای شناسایی و مرزبندی گونه‌ها در این جنس از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند. در این تحقیق، ساختار اوتریکول در بین گونه‌های زیرجنس Carex در ایران مطالعه شده است. به منظور ارزیابی صفات ریخت‌شناسی و ریزریخت‌شناسی، از نمونه‌های هرباریومی استفاده شد و داده‌های به دست آمده، با استفاده از نرم‌افزارPAST نسخه 14/3 آنالیز شدند. صفاتی از قبیل شکل اوتریکول (نمای کلی و عرضی)، بالدار و یا بالدار نبودن حاشیه، جنس، وجود رگه و تعداد آن، وجود کرک و منقار (شکل و طول) از اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به سایر صفات برخوردار بودند. کلید شناسایی براساس صفات ریخت‌شناسی برای گونه‌های زیرجنس Carex در ایران تهیه شد. صفات ریخت‌شناسی اوتریکول صرفا در سطح گونه مفید بوده، ولی در سطح فراگونه (بخش) و همچنین صفات ریزریخت‌شناسی، نه در سطح گونه و نه در سطح بخش مؤثر واقع نشد. به علاوه، آنالیز تجزیه خوشه‌ای براساس داده‌های ریخت‌شناسی اوتریکول، طبقه‌‌بندی‌های مرسوم بخش‌ها در فلور ایران و فلور ایرانیکا را ﺗایید نکرد، ولی با نتایج فیلوژنی مطابقت بیشتری نشان داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| تاکسونومی, تیره اویارسلام, فندقه, کلید شناسایی, میکروسکوپ الکترونی نگاره | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Amini Rad, M. 2011. Cyperaceae Pp. 142–262. In: Assadi, M., Maassoumi, A.A., Khatamsaz, M. & Mozaffarian, V. (eds), Flora of Iran, No. 9. Reseach Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Amini Rad, M. 2015. New record and new combination of Carex L. from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 21(2): 86–90. Amini Rad, M., Musaev, S. & Karimov, V. 2014a. A review of the genus Carex sect. Ammoglochin in Iran. Rostaniha 15(1): 1–5. Amini Rad, M., Musaev, S. & Karimov, V. 2014b. Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) sect. Glandestinae in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20(1): 20–24. Amini Rad, M. & Sharifi, J. 2013. Report of Carex diandra (Cyperaceae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 19(1): 54–56. Ball, P.W. 1990. Some aspects of the phytogeography of Carex. Canadian Journal of Botany 68(7): 1462–1472. Ball, P.W. & Reznicek, A.A. 2002. Carex L. Pp. 254–273. In: Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 23 Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae, Flora of North America Editorial Committee. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bugg, C., Smith, C., Blackstock, N., Simpson, D. & Ashton, P.A. 2013. Consistent and variable leaf anatomical characters in Carex (Cyperaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172(3): 371–384. Chater, A.O. 1980. Carex L. and Kobresia Willd. Pp. 289–323. In: T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, S.M. Walters & D.A. Webb (eds), Flora Europaea, Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dai, L., Liang, S., Zhang, S., Tang, Y., Koyama, T. & Tucker, G.C. 2010. Carex L. Pp. 285–461. In: Z.Y. Wu, P.H. Raven & D.Y. Hong (eds), Flora of China, Vol. 23:. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Egorova, T.V. 1999. The Sedges (Carex L.) of Russia and Adjacent States (within the limits of the former USSR). St. Petersburg & St. Louis. 772 pp. Frodin, D.G. 2004. History and concepts of big plant genera. Taxon 53(3): 753–776. Gebauer, S., Röser, M. & Hoffmann, M.H. 2015. Molecular phylogeny of the species-rich Carex sect. Racemosae (Cyperaceae) based on four nuclear and chloroplast markers. Systematic Botany 40: 433–447. Global Carex Group. 2015. Making Carex monophyletic (Cyperaceae, tribe Cariceae): a new broader circumscription. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 1–42. Goetghebeur, P. 1998. Cyperaceae. Pp. 141–190. In: K. Kubitzki (ed.). Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin. Haq, E.U.L., Dar, G.H., Wafai, B.A. & Khuroo, A.A. 2011. Taxonomy and phytogeography of genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in the Kashmir Himalaya. International Journal of Life Science & Pharma Research 1: 1–11. Janyszek, M., Jagodziński, A.M., Janyszek, S. & Wrońska-Pilarek, D. 2008. Morphological variability of Carex spicata Huds. utricles among plant communities. Flora 203: 386–95. Janyszek, M. & Jagodzinski, A.M. 2009. Variability of perigynium morphology of Central European members of Carex sect. Phaestoglochin (Cyperaceae) from variable plant communities. Plant Systematics and Evolution 278: 87–99. Jiménez-Mejías, P., Hahn, M., Lueders, K., Starr, J.R., Brown, B.H., Chouinard, B.N., Chung, K.-S., Escudero, M., Ford, B.A., Ford, K.A., Gebauer, S., Gehrke, B., Hoffmann, M.H., Jin, X.-F., Jung, J., Kim, S., Luceño, M., Maguilla, E., Martín-Bravo, S., Míguez, M., Molina, A., Naczi, R.F.C., Pender, J.E., Reznicek, A.A., Villaverde, T., Waterway, M.J., Wilson, K.L., Yang, J., Zhang, S., Hipp, A.L. & Roalson, E.H. 2016a. Megaphylogenetic specimen-level approaches to the Carex (Cyperaceae) phylogeny using ITS, ETS, and matK sequences: Implications for classification. Systematic Botany 41(3): 500–518. Jiménez-Mejías, P., Luceño, M., Wilson, K.L., Waterway, M.J. & Roalson, E.H. 2016b. Clarification of the use of the terms perigynium and utricle in Carex L. (Cyperaceae). Systematic Botany 41(3): 519–528. Jin, X.F., Simpson, D.A., Zheng, C.Z., Sun L. & Zhang H.W. 2012. Carex paracheniana (Carex sect. Rhomboidales, Cyperaceae), a new species from Guangxi and Guizhou, China. Systematic Botany 37: 929–937. Jin, X.F., Zhao, Y.J., Zheng, C.Z. & Zhang, H.W. 2011. Carex zhejiangensis sp. nov. (Cyperaceae) from Zhejiang, eastern China. Nordic Journal of Botany 29: 63–70. Jin, X.F., Zhou, Y.Y., Hipp, A., Jin, S.H., Oda, J., Ikeda, H., Yano, O. & Nagamasu, H. 2014. Nutlet micromorphology of Carex section Rhomboidales sensu Kükenthal (Cyperaceae) and its systematic implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 175: 123–143. Kükenthal, G. 1909. Cyperaceae-Caricoideae. Pp. 67–767. In: A. Engler (ed.). Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetabilis conspectus 4(20). Leipzig: W. Engelmann. Kukkonen, I. 1998. Carex L. In: K.H. Rechinger (ed.). Flora Iranica, Vol. 173. Graz: Akademische Druk. 307 pp. Kukkonen, I. 2001. Cyperaceae. Pp. 179–262. In: S.I. Ali & M. Qaiser (eds), Flora of Pakistan. No. 206. University of Karachi, Pakistan. Larridon, I., Reynders, M., Huygh, W., Bauters, K., Vrijdaghs, A., Leroux, O., Muasya, A.M., D.A. Simpson, D.A. & Goetghebeur, P. 2011. Taxonomic changes in C3 Cyperus (Cyperaceae) supported by molecular data, morphology, embryography, ontogeny and anatomy. Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 327–356. Larridon, I., Bauters, K., Reynders, M., Huygh, W., Muasya, A.M., Simpson, D.A. & Goetghebeur, P. 2013. Towards a new classification of the giant paraphyletic genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae): phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation in C4 Cyperus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172: 106–126. Liu, J.Q. 1999. Comparative study on the microstructural features of nutlet surfaces of Eriophorum and Kyllinga from China. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology 5: 170–175. Menapace, F.J. & Wujek, D.E. 1987. The systematic significance of nutlet micromorphology in Carex retrorsa (Cyperaceae). Brittonia 39: 278–283. Nilsson, Ö. 1985. Carex L. Pp. 73–158. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 9. Oda, J. & Nagamasu, H. 2008. Two new species of Carex sect. Capitellatae (Cyperaceae) from Japan. Acta Phytotaxonimica Geobotanica 59: 55–66. Oda, J., Tanaka, A., Naiki, A. & Nagamasu, H. 2003. Carex jubozanensis (Cyperaceae), a new species from Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica Geobotanica 54: 127–135. Reznicek, A.A. 1990. Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 1409–1432. Reznicek, A.A. 1998. Carex. Pp. 518–519. In: P.E. Berry, B. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 4. St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Shishkin, B.K. 1935. Cyperaceae. Pp. 8–369. In: V.L. Komarov (ed.), Flora of the USSR, Vol. 3 (translated to English by N. Landau, 1964). Schuyler, A.E. 1971. Scanning electron microscopy of achene epidermis in species of Scirpus (Cyperaceae) and related genera. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 123: 29–52. Starr, J.R. & Ford, B.A. 2001. The taxonomic and phylogenetic utility of vegetative anatomy and fruit epidermal silica bodies in Carex section Phyllostachys (Cyperaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 362–379. Starr, J.R. & Ford, B.A. 2009. Phylogeny and evolution in Cariceae (Cyperaceae): Current knowledge and future directions. The Botanical Review 75: 110–137. Starr, J.R., Harris, S.A. & Simpson, D.A. 2004. Phylogeny of the unispicate taxa in Cyperaceae tribe Cariceae I: generic relationships and evolutionary scenarios. Systematic Botany 29(3): 528–544. Starr, J.R., Harris, S.A. & Simpson, D.A. 2008. Phylogeny of the unispicate taxa in Cyperaceae tribe Cariceae II: the limits of Uncinia. Pp. 243–267. In: R.F.C. Naczi & B.A. Ford (eds). Sedges: Uses, Diversity and Systematics of the Cyperaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Szczepanik-janyszek, M. & Klimko, M. 1999. Application of anatomical methods in the taxonomy of sedges (Carex L.) from the section Muehlenbergianae (L.H. Bailey) Kük. occurring in Poland. Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu 316: 97–107. Toivonen, H. & Timonen, T. 1976. Perigynium and nutlet epidermis in some species of Carex, subg. Vignea (Cyperaceae) studied by Scanning Electron Microscope. Annales Botanici Fennici 13: 49–59. Waterway, M.J., Hoshino, T. & Masaki, T. 2009. Phylogeny, species richness, and ecological specialization in Cyperaceae tribe Cariceae. Botanical Review 75(1): 138–159. Waterway, M.J. & Starr, J.R. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships in tribe Cariceae (Cyperaceae) based on nested analyses of four molecular data sets. Aliso 23: 165–192. Zhang, S.R. 2006. Micromorphology of the achene epidermis of Kobresia (Cyperaceae) revealed by SEM and its taxonomic significance. Nordic Journal of Botany 24: 301–308. Zhang, S.R., Dai, L.K. & Liang, S.Y. 2000. SEM observations on nutlet epidermis of Carex subgenus Indocarex (Cyperaceae). Guihaia 20: 185–188. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 653 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 627 |
||