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فراوانی, مهدی, جعفری, علی اشرف, رنجبر, مجید, نگاری, عبدالکریم, عزیزی, نرجس. (1397). ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳکی، ریختی و فیتوشیمی ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی زیره سبز در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 31(3), 95-113. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.121387.1275
مهدی فراوانی; علی اشرف جعفری; مجید رنجبر; عبدالکریم نگاری; نرجس عزیزی. "ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳکی، ریختی و فیتوشیمی ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی زیره سبز در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 31, 3, 1397, 95-113. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.121387.1275
فراوانی, مهدی, جعفری, علی اشرف, رنجبر, مجید, نگاری, عبدالکریم, عزیزی, نرجس. (1397). 'ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳکی، ریختی و فیتوشیمی ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی زیره سبز در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 31(3), pp. 95-113. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.121387.1275
فراوانی, مهدی, جعفری, علی اشرف, رنجبر, مجید, نگاری, عبدالکریم, عزیزی, نرجس. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳکی، ریختی و فیتوشیمی ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی زیره سبز در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1397; 31(3): 95-113. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.121387.1275

ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳکی، ریختی و فیتوشیمی ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی زیره سبز در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد

پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی
مقاله 6، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 120، مهر 1397، صفحه 95-113    اصل مقاله (626.86 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2018.121387.1275
نویسندگان
مهدی فراوانی* 1؛ علی اشرف جعفری2؛ مجید رنجبر3؛ عبدالکریم نگاری3؛ نرجس عزیزی3
1عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی خراسان رضوی
2ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت جنگل و مراتع کشور ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان
3ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت جنگل و مرتع ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آموزش ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن خراسان رضوی، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی، مشهد، اﯾﺮان
چکیده
به منظور بررسی خصوصیات فنولوژیک، ریختی و فیتوشیمی اکوتیپ‌های زیره سبز ((Cuminum cyminum، آزمایشی با تعداد 24 اکوتیپ زیره سبز از نقاط مختلف کشور در قالـب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مشهد در سال زراعی 1395-1394 به اجرا درآمد. نمونه‌های بذرو تمام اکوتیپ ها ابتدا در گلخانه کشت و سپس به مزرعه منتقل و در شرایط آبیاری قطره‌ای و در قالب بلکوهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرارکشت شدند. خصوصیات فنولوژیکی از مرحله ساقه رفتن، 50% گلدهی و رسیدگی فیزولوژیکی ثبت و نیز صفات ریخت شناسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد انشعابات و همجنین عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد اندازه گیری شد.نتایج نشان داد تعداد چتر در بوته 5/15-7/8 عدد، تعداد چترک در چتر 4-3 عدد، دانه در چترک 23-13عدد، وزن هزار دانه 2/4-8/2 گرم، زیست توده هر گیاه 22-6 گرم، عملکرد دانه هرگیاه 8-2 گرم، درصد اسانس 11/3-99/0 و عملکرد اسانس 2/0-02/0 گرم در بین‌ اکوتیپ ها دارای تفاوت معنی داری(01/0p≤) می باشد. تجزیه رگرسیون چندگانه خطی نشان داد وزن بوته اولین صفتی بود که وارد مدل رگرسیونی شد و به تنهایی 51 % از تغییرات مربوط به عملکرد اسانس را توجیه نمود. تجزیه علیت نشان داد که صفت وزن بوته در درجه اول و سایر صفات تعداد چترک، تاج و پوشش و وزن هزار دانه بیشترین اثر مستقیم بر عملکرد اسانس گیاه داشت. برای دوری و یا نزدیکی اکسشن ها از تجزیه خوشه‌ای و تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی استفاده شد. دو مولفه اول در زیره سبز 71% از کل تغییرات متغییرها را توجیه نمود. ا
کلیدواژه‌ها
تجزیه علیت؛ اسانس؛ تنوع
عنوان مقاله [English]
Study of phenological, morphological and phytochemical characteristics of cumin genotypes in Mashhad
نویسندگان [English]
Ali Ashraf Jafari2؛ Majid Ranjbar3؛ Abdoul Karim Negari3؛ Narjes Azizi3؛
2Forest and Rangeland Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Tehran, Iran
3Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) is an economically important drought resistance medicinal plant of family Apiaceae. It is mainly cultivated in Iran, India, Syria, Pakistan and Turkey. It is widely used in foods, beverages and perfume and pharmaceutical industries. The mature dried fruit contain 2-5% essential oil(Gohari and Saeidnia, 2011, Li and Jiang, 2004). It is a monotypic species, phenotypic and genetic variability in cumin is also low(Bahraminejad, Mohammadi-Nejad, et al., 2011).
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out at Research Station of the Agricultural Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi, Iran during 2012-2013 crop year. In this experiment, 24 cumin ecotypes were collected from different parts by the Natural Resources Genes Bank of Iran. In order to evaluate the morphological and phenological traits and also measuring essential oil percentage, yield and yield components of Cuminum cyminum for achieving superior germplasm. It was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed samples were first cultivated in the greenhouse and then transferred to the field and cultivated in drip irrigation conditions.
Results and Discussion
According to the results, there was a significant variation (p≤ 0.05) among the genotypes in terms of traits including phenological characteristics (number of planting days to stem length of 41-28 days, 50% flowering 37- 57 days and maturity of 92-101 days) and morphological characters between the genotypes. The number of stem branches the genotypes was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different (3.5-5.7). The observed differences in the yield components were: number of umbels per plant 8.7-8.5, number of umbellate in umbel 3-4, seeds in the umbellate 23-13, 1000-seed weight 2.8-4.2 g, total plant biomass as 6-22 g, the seed yield of each plant 2-8 grams, the essential oil percentage 0.99-3.11 and the essential oil yield 0.02-0.2 g/plant, which were significant at p ≤ 0.05. The results of Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the plant biomass was the first trait that entered the regression model and justifies alone 51% of the variations in essential oil yield. Three more characters were entered to the regression model as 1000-seed weight, crown area and umbrellas per umbel and explained 60% of dependent traits (essential oil yield). In order to identify the direct and indirect effects of traits on seed yield, path-way analysis was performed based on the variables entered into the final regression stage. The number of branches and number of umbels per plant had the most direct effect on seed yield and essential oil PCA and cluster analysis were used to identify the distant among accessions. The first and second component in Cumin, justifies 71% of variations of the variables. Traits of plant cover, plant height, plant weight and essential oil percentage were the most important traits in cumin. the accessions located in cluster 1 were mainly originated from Markazi province, which had less essential oil yield.
Conclusion
Traits of plant biomass, number of umbrellas, canopy cover and 1000-seed weight had the most direct effect on the essential oil yield of the plant. These traits were determined as a suitable criterion for determining the production ability of cumin ecotypes.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Pathway analysis, Essential oils, diversity
مراجع

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