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جداسازی قارچ‌های آنتاگونیست از باغ‌های چای و بررسی تأثیر آن‌ها روی نماتود مولد زخم ریشه Pratylenchus loosi در آزمایشگاه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 5، شماره 1، شهریور 1396، صفحه 81-91 اصل مقاله (580.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2017.116073 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ابوالفضل یحیوی آزاد* 1؛ علی سراجی2؛ علی اکبر حجت جلالی3؛ صمد جمالی3 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه | ||
| 2پژوهشکدۀ چای، موسسۀ تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لاهیجان | ||
| 3گروه گیاه‌پزشکی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| درحال حاضر در بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران، نماتود مولد زخم ریشه Pratylenchus loosi مهم‌ترین عامل خسارت‌زای چای محسوب میشود. به‌منظور مهار زیستی این نماتود با استفاده از قارچ‌های آنتاگونیست، نمونه‌برداری از خاک و ریشه درختچه‌های چای در بهار و تابستان 1392 در مناطق چای‌کاری استان‌های گیلان و مازندران صورت‌گرفت. جدایه‌های مختلفی از قارچ‌ها از نمونه‌های خاک و یا از نماتودهای انگلی شده جداسازی و شناسایی شدند. این جدایه‌ها شاملPaecilomyces lilacinus (T1, N1, N3)، Fusarium culmorum، F. graminearum، Cladosporium sp.، Trichoderma harzianum (T1, T2, T3) بودند. آزمایش‌های مربوط به‌آنتاگونیستی این قارچ‌ها علیه نماتود P. loosi در محیط آب آگار 5/1 درصد انجام شد و درصد مرگ و میر سنین لاروی و نماتود بالغ P. loosi در سه فاصله زمانی 48، 72 و 168 ساعت (یک هفته) بررسی و ثبت شد. از میان 11 جدایه مورد آزمایش، پس از یک هفته جدایۀ ((T1 قارچ P. lilacinus، با ایجاد 64 و 29 درصد و جدایۀ (N1) P. lilacinus با 47 و 24 درصد مرگ و میر به‌ترتیب در سنین لاروی و نماتود بالغ P. loosi با تفاوت معنی‌داری بالاترین میزان مرگ و میر را نسبت به‌سایر تیمارها به‌خود اختصاص دادند. ضمناً در این بررسی هیچ کدام از جدایه‌های قارچ Trichoderma harzianum در مقایسه با شاهد تأثیری در مهار زیستی نماتود مورد بحث نداشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چای؛ مهار زیستی؛ نماتود مولد زخم ریشه؛ Pratylenchus loosi؛ Paecilomyces lilacinus | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Isolation of antagonistic fungi from tea plantation and study of their impact on tea root lesion nematode Pratylenchus loosi in laboratory | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Aboulfazl Yahyavi Azad1؛ Ali Seraji2؛ Ali Akbar Hojjat Jalali3؛ Samad Jalilian3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Tea root lesion nematode, (Pratylenchus loosi) is currently considered as the most important damage-causing agent in the most tea-producing countries including Iran. In order to use antagonistic fungi for biological control of this nematode, samples of soil and tea roots were collected during the spring and summer of 2013 in tea plantation of Guilan and Mazandaran provinces. Different fungi were isolated and identified from collected soil samples and or parasitic nematodes. These isolates included Paecilomyces lilacinus (isolates T1, N1, N3), Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, Cladosporium sp. and Trichoderma harzianum (isolates T1, T2, T3). Pathogenicity tests of these fungi on nematode were conducted on 1.5% water agar and mortality rate of Juvenile and adult nematodes were determined at three different periods of 48, 72 and 168 hours. Among the 11 tested isolates, the isolate of P. lilacinus (T1) with causing 64% mortality of juveniles and 29% the adults and also the isolate of P. lilacinus (N1)with having 47% mortality rate in juveniles and 24% in adults after 168 hours, had the highest mortality rate compared with other fungi. Also in this study, T. harzianum fungus was a very weak biocontrol agent compared with other isolates. The overall results showed that P. lilacinus have high potential to control tea root lesion nematode. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biological control, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pratylenchus loosi, root lesion nematode, Tea | ||
| مراجع | ||
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