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ارزیابی فعالیت ضدقارچی عصارههای برخی از گیاهان دارویی استان ایلام علیه عامل بیماری پاخوره گندم و شناسایی ترکیبات مؤثره آنها با استفاده از GC-MS | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، اسفند 1403، صفحه 115-132 اصل مقاله (926.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2026.371994.410 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حانیه زینی وند1؛ زینب بهمنی* 2؛ زهرا میرسلیمانی3؛ سمیرا قاسمی4؛ سیامک بیگی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، بیماریشناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام ، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 4دانشجوی پسادکتری،گروه گیاهپزشکی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران. | ||
| 5سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، حفظ نباتات، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پاخوره گندم که توسط قارچ Gaeumannomyces tritici var tritici ایجاد میشود، یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید گندم در بسیاری از مناطق جهان به شمار میرود. با توجه به پیامدهای زیستمحیطی مصرف گسترده سموم شیمیایی، شناسایی ترکیبات طبیعی و ایمن برای کنترل این بیماری از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر ضدقارچی عصارههای اتانولی گیاهان اکالیپتوس، آویشن، مریمگلی کبیر، فراسیون و تشنداری بر رشد G. tritici var tritici در شرایط آزمایشگاهی است. عصارههای گیاهی در غلظتهای 250، 500، 1000 و 2000 پیپیام با روش اختلاط با محیط کشت PDA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایشها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد و درصد بازدارندگی رشد قارچ پس از هفت روز اندازهگیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش غلظت عصارهها بهطور معنیداری موجب افزایش بازدارندگی رشد قارچ شد. بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی در غلظت 2000 پیپیام مربوط به عصاره اکالیپتوس بود، بهطوریکه این عصاره بیش از 90 درصد رشد قارچ را مهار کرد. عصارههای آویشن و تشنداری نیز اثر ضدقارچی قابل توجهی نشان دادند، در حالی که عصاره فراسیون در تمامی غلظتها کمترین اثر مهارکنندگی را داشت. در ادامه، ترکیبات شیمیایی عصارههای مؤثر با استفاده از دستگاه GC–MS شناسایی شدند. نتایج آنالیز شیمیایی نشان داد که حضور ترکیباتی نظیر اسپاتولنول، تیمول، کارواکرول و دیهیدروبنزوفوران میتواند در خاصیت ضدقارچی عصارهها نقش مؤثری داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اثر بازدارندگی؛ پاخوره گندم؛ شناسایی؛ متابولیتهای ثانویه؛ مهارکنندگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants from Ilam Province Against the Wheat Take All Pathogen and Identification of Bioactive Compounds by GC–MS | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hanieh Zeynivand1؛ Zeinab Bahmani2؛ Zahra Mirsoleymani3؛ Samira Ghasemi4؛ Siamak Beigi5 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. AREEO, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 4Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. | ||
| 5Plant Protection Organization, Ilam Agricultural Jihad Organization, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Take‑all disease of wheat, caused by the soil‑borne fungus Gaeumannomyces tritici var. tritici, is considered one of the most important constraints on wheat production in many regions of the world. Given the environmental concerns associated with the extensive use of chemical fungicides, the identification of safe and natural alternatives for disease control has attracted increasing attention. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus sp., Thymus vulgaris., Salvia officinalis, Marrubium vulgare, and Scrophularia striata against G. tritici var. tritici under in vitro conditions. Plant extracts were assessed at concentrations of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm using the poisoned food technique on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates, and the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition was recorded seven days after incubation. The results demonstrated that increasing extract concentrations significantly enhanced fungal growth inhibition. The highest inhibitory effect was observed with eucalyptus extract at 2000 ppm, which suppressed more than 90% of fungal growth. Thymus vulgaris and Scrophularia striata extracts also exhibited considerable antifungal activity, whereas Marrubium vulgare extract showed the lowest inhibitory effect at all tested concentrations. Subsequently, the chemical constituents of the most effective extracts were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Chemical analysis revealed that compounds such as spathulenol, thymol, carvacrol, and dihydrobenzofuran may play a key role in the antifungal activity of these plant extracts. . | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Inhibitory effect, wheat take all disease, identification, secondary metabolites, antifungal activity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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