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ارزیابی پایداری عملکرد و مقاومت به بیماریهای ریزومانیا و پوسیدگی ریزوکتونیایی ریشه در هیبریدهای جدید چغندرقند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 41، شماره 1، شهریور 1404، صفحه 29-48 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2025.371008.1398 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی حسنی* 1؛ علی صارمی راد1؛ حیدر عزیزی2؛ حامد منصوری3؛ مستانه شریفی4؛ پرویز فصاحت1؛ پیمان نوروزی1؛ جواد رضایی5 | ||
| 1مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| 3مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران | ||
| 4بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 5مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چغندرقند بهعنوان یکی از منابع اصلی تأمین شکر، همواره با تهدید بیماریهای خاکزاد نظیر ریزومانیا و پوسیدگی ریزوکتونیایی ریشه مواجه است که پایداری تولید را به خطر میاندازند. شناسایی ارقام مقاوم با عملکرد پایدار در مناطق آلوده، موثرترین راهکار مدیریت این چالش است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی پایداری عملکرد و واکنش هیبریدهای جدید حاصل از سینگلکراسهای خارجی و گرده افشانهای داخلی نسبت به این دو بیماری صورت گرفت. در این رابطه، 32 هیبرید حاصل از تلاقی دو سینگلکراس خارجی با 16 لاین گردهافشان، به همراه چهار رقم شاهد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. هیبریدها در قالب دو آزمایش مجزا در چهار منطقه (مشهد، شیراز، میاندوآب و همدان) بر اساس طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار کشت شدند. مقاومت به بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه نیز در یک آزمایش جداگانه در شرایط کنترلشده میکروپلات با مایهزنی مصنوعی جدایه بیمارگر Rhizoctonia solani (Rh133) بررسی شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که برهمکنش ژنوتیپ- محیط برای عملکرد ریشه و شکر سفید در هر دو آزمایش در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار بود. بر اساس نتایج، هیبریدهای 15، 7، ۱۴ و 13 در آزمایش اول و هیبریدهای 14، 6، 12 و 11 در آزمایش دوم به عنوان هیبریدهای مناسب شناسایی شدند. نتایج ا رزیابی مقاومت به بیماری ریزومانیا، حاکی از آن بود که تقریباً تمام هیبریدهای آزمایشی دارای سطح بالایی از مقاومت (نمره 1 تا 3) بودند. حال آنکه، ارزیابی مقاومت به پوسیدگی ریشه نشان داد که در آزمایش اول هیبریدهای ۱۲ و 9 به ترتیب با شاخص 95/3 و 59/4 و در آزمایش دوم هیبریدهای 5، 3 و 1 با شاخص 56/4، 69/4 و 75/4 توانستند سطح مقاومت مناسبی (نیمهمقاوم) را از خود به نمایش بگذارند. در مجموع، این مطالعه با موفقیت به شناسایی هیبریدهای جدید و برتری منجر شد که از نظر عملکرد با بهترین شاهدهای تجاری قابل رقابت بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بیماریهای خاکزاد؛ برهمکنش ژنوتیپ- محیط؛ حساسیت؛ میکروپلات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of yield stability and resistance to rhizomania and rhizoctonia root rot in new sugar beet hybrids | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Hassani1؛ Ali Saremirad1؛ Heydar Azizi2؛ Hamed Mansouri3؛ Mastaneh Sharifi4؛ Parviz Fasahat1؛ Peyman Norouzi1؛ Javad Rezaei5 | ||
| 1Sugar Beet Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Urmia Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), West Azerbaijan, Iran | ||
| 3Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 4Shiraz Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fars, Iran | ||
| 5Mashhad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khorasan Razavi, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) stands as a pivotal cornerstone in the global agro-industrial sector, serving as one of the primary sources of sucrose and bioethanol production. Despite significant agronomic advancements, the sustainability of sugar beet cultivation is incessantly compromised by biotic stressors, particularly soil-borne pathogens which can cause precipitous declines in root yield and sugar content. Among these, Rhizomania, caused by the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and transmitted by the vector Polymyxa betae, and Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, represent two of the most devastating diseases worldwide. The simultaneous occurrence of these pathogens in major production regions necessitates the development of dual-purpose cultivars that exhibit not only high yield potential but also robust genetic resistance. Furthermore, given the diverse pedoclimatic conditions of sugar beet growing regions, the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) plays a critical role in phenotypic expression. Consequently, relying solely on yield potential is insufficient; identifying stable genotypes that maintain performance across varying environmental gradients is imperative. This study was conceptualized to evaluate the yield stability and pathological response of newly developed sugar beet hybrids—derived from the introgression of foreign germplasm with locally adapted domestic pollinators—against the dual threats of Rhizomania and Rhizoctonia root rot. Materials and Methods The genetic material for this investigation comprised 32 novel hybrids generated through a mating design. These hybrids were synthesized by crossing two single crosses (as female parents with established resistance backgrounds) with 16 diverse pollinator lines (as male parents). To provide a benchmark for performance, four commercial cultivars were included as checks. The agronomic evaluation was conducted through multi-environment trials across four distinct agro-ecological zones in Iran, Mashhad, Shiraz, Miandoab, and Hamedan. These locations were selected to represent a wide range of environmental conditions and natural disease pressures. The field experiments utilized a randomized complete block design with four replications at each site. Agronomic traits, specifically root yield (RY), sugar content (SC), and white sugar yield (WSY), were q uantified. Parallel to the field trials, a rigorous pathological assessment for resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot was conducted under controlled microplot conditions to minimize environmental error and ensure uniform infection pressure. This experiment involved artificial inoculation of the soil with the highly virulent Rhizoctonia solani isolate Rh133, grown on corn grain medium. The resistance to Rhizomania was evaluated under natural infection conditions in infested fields, capitalizing on the presence of BNYVV. Statistical analyses included a combined analysis of variance to assess the main effects of genotype, environment, and their interaction. Stability analysis was performed to identify genotypes with minimal variance across environments, ensuring that selected hybrids possess both high performance and dynamic stability. Results and Discussion The quantitative genetic analysis revealed that the main effects of genotype and environment, as well as the GEI, were highly significant (P≤0.01) for both RY and WSY. The significance of the GEI indicates that the relative ranking of the hybrids varied across the four tested locations, underscoring the necessity of stability indices for genotype selection. In the first set of experiments, stability and mean performance analysis highlighted hybrids 15, 7, 14, and 13 as the superior genotypes. These hybrids demonstrated a synergistic combination of high WSY and low interaction variance, suggesting their suitability for a broad range of environmental conditions. In the second experimental set, hybrids 14, 6, 12, and 11 emerged as the top-performing candidates, exhibiting exceptional agronomic traits superior to the trial means and competitive with the commercial checks. Regarding pathological traits, the screening for Rhizomania resistance indicated a high efficacy of the resistance genes present in the parental lines. Almost all experimental hybrids displayed high levels of resistance, scoring between 1 and 3 on the standard disease severity scale (where 1 indicates no symptoms and 9 indicates plant death). This suggests that the genetic background of the single crosses successfully conferred BNYVV resistance to the progeny. The evaluation of resistance to Rhizoctonia solani revealed significant genetic variability among the hybrids. In the first experiment, hybrids 12 and 9 recorded disease severity indices of 3.95 and 4.59, respectively. In the second experiment, hybrids 5, 3, and 1 demonstrated promising tolerance levels with indices of 4.56, 4.69, and 4.75, respectively. These scores are particularly significant given the virulence of the Rh133 isolate used in the artificial inoculation. Conclusion The significance of the GEI reaffirms that breeding for specific adaptation or wide stability is crucial for maximizing genetic gain in sugar beet. The identification of hybrids such as 14 and 12, which appeared in top rankings for either yield stability or disease resistance, offers promising genetic resources for future breeding programs. Crucially, the study successfully identified genotypes that possess dual resistance (or high tolerance) to both Rhizomania and Rhizoctonia, addressing a major gap in current disease management strategies. The hybrids identified with moderate resistance to Rhizoctonia, combined with their high Rhizomania resistance and competitive yield, represent viable alternatives to current commercial cultivars, potentially reducing the reliance on chemical fungicides and enhancing the economic stability of farmers in infested regions. In conclusion, this research has led to the isolation of superior sugar beet hybrids that harmonize yield potential, phenotypic stability, and biotic stress resistance. These genotypes are recommended for release or further pre-commercial trials in regions prone to Rhizomania and Rhizoctonia root rot complexes. Keywords: Genotype-environment interaction, Microplot, Soil-borne diseases, Susceptibility. References Taleghani D, Hosseinpour M, Nemati R, Saremirad A. Study of the possibility of winter sowing of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) early cultivars in Moghan region, Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2023b; 24(4): 319–334. Doi:https://doi.org/10.22092/ijcs.2023.360341.1348 Resende MDV. Software Selegen-REML/BLUP: a useful tool for plant breeding. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology. 2016; 16(4): 330–339. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332016v16n4a49 Sun B, Li S, Pi Z, Wu Z, Wang R. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of exotic sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) varieties using three molecular markers. Plants. 2024; 13(7): 965. Doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070965 | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Genotype-environment interaction, Microplot, Soil-borne diseases, Susceptibility | ||
| مراجع | ||
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