Investigating effective parameters in chemical control of alfalfa pests (Case study: alfalfa weevil control in East Azarbaijan)

Amirshaghaghi, F., & Safari, M. (2016). Comparison and technical evaluation of electrostatic, micronair and tractor- mounted lance sprayers in order to control (Carpocasa pomonella L.) in apple. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 6(2), 376-383. https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v6i2.36084. (in Persian)

Anon. (2023). Agricultural statistics, 2021-2022, Crop products. Statistics Center, Information and Communication Technology, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)

Berbert, R. C., Senst, K. M., Nuss, K. E., & Gibson, W. P. (1980). Alfalfa weevil in Oklohama: The first 10 years. Oklohama Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, Oklohama state university.

Blodgett, S. L., & Lenssen, A. W. (2004). Distribution of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae among post cutting locations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97, 1319–1322. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.4.1319.

Blodgett, S. L., Lensson, A. W., & Cash, S. D. (2000). Harvest with raking for control of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Entomology Science, 35, 129-135. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.2.129.

Chitsaz, M., Baghchevan, M. R., Hasanpour, D., & Narmani, S. (2004). Design and manufacture of motorized backpak electrostatic sprayer. Proceedings of the 3^rd National Congress of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering. Sep. 1-3. Kerman, Iran. (in Persian)

Dante, E. T. (1997). Some constraints in the adaption of an electrostatic spinning disk sprayer for small farmers in developing countries. Proceeding of the International Workshop on Safe and Efficient Application of Agro-Chemicals and Bio-Products in South and South East Asia. May. 28-30. Bankok, Thailand.

Esehaghbeygi, A., Tadayyon, A., & Besharati, Sh. (2010). Comparison of electrostatic and spinning discs spray nozzles on wheat weeds control. Journal of American Science, 6(12), 529-533.

Fallahjeddi, R. (2001). Construction and use of common sprayers in Iran. Office of Educational Services and Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Iran. (in Persian)

Flanders, K. L., Radcliffe, E. B., & Krueger, C. A. (1995). Natural enemies of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Minnesota. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 27(1), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.1836.

Henderson, C. F., & Tilton, E. W. (1955). Tests with Acaricides against the brown wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomology, 48, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/48.2.157.

Heydari, A., Nazerian, A., Parsa, H., & Garami, K. (2013). Investigation of the efficiency of two kinds of sprayers based on electrostatic charge and spinning disc in comparison with hydraulic motorized sprayer carried on trolley in the control of rice blast. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science, 44(1), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2013.35636. (in Persian)

Hong, S., Minzan, L., & Zhang, Q. (2012). Detection system of smart sprayers: Status, challenges, and perspectives. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 5(3). https://doi.org/ 10.3965/j.ijabe.20120503.00.

Kakaei, M., Mazahery-Lagab, H., & Khanjani, M. (2016). Variability of resistance to alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyll.) attack in different alfalfa genotypes in Hamedan condition. Plant Production Technology, 16(1), 57-67. (in Persian)

Kamangar, S., & Habibi, J. (2006). Evaluation of some methods in control of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Col.: Curculionidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 26(1), 1-12, (in Persian)

Karar, H., Khaliq, A., Hussain, A., Husnain, A., Razzaq, A., Abdullah, A., & Akhtar, S. (2017). Relative efficacy of various insecticides against alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica G. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crop and elaboration of hazardous effects on predators. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(3), 1582-1587.

Khanjani, M., & Pourmirza, A. A. (2004). A comparison of various control methods of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Col.: Curculionidae) in Hamedan. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 24(1), 67-81. (in Persian)

Mehranzadeh, M., & Shahidzadeh, M. (2006). Investigating and determining the most appropriate spraying method in order to reduce and optimize the consumption of poisons in the sugar beet crop in Dezful. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 7(26), 27-42. (in Persian)

Modarres Najafabadi, S., & Heidari, A. (2015). Investigation on the efficiency of electrostatic charge and spinning-disc sprayers in comparison with common sprayers using two concentrations of hexythiazox (EC 10%) against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch., on Common Bean. Journal of Pesticide in Plant Protection Sciences, 2(1), PP. 60 -72. (in Persian)

Moges, G., McDnnell, K., & Delele, M. (2021). Backpack magnetic sprayer: off-target drift and on-target deposition uniformity in a sugarcane plantation. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(6): 27-36. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20211406.6282.

Moradi-Vajargah, M., Rafiee-Dastjerdi, H., Golizadeh, A., Hassanpour, M., & Naseri, B. (2013). Laboratory toxicity and field efficacy of lufenuron, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam against Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Munis Entomology and Zoology Journal, 8(1), 448-457.

Mozaffari, M., Yousefzade Taheri, M., & Soleymani, J., (2018). investigation of technical performance and efficiency of different backpack sprayers on onion thrips control. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 4(2), PP. 121-132. (in Persian)

Mulder, Ph. (2017). Alfalfa weevil and its management in Oklahoma. Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University. EPP-2097.

Namvar, P., & Heidari, A. (2014). Efficiency study of different spraying techniques in the control of potato yellow broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks). Pesticides in Plan Protection Sciences, 1(2), PP. 137-147. (in Persian)

Nowrouzieh, Sh., & Faez, R. (2013). Study and determination on suitable sprayers boom for increasing pesticide efficiency in cotton sucking insects. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 1(1),  13-27. (in Persian)

Parvin, A., & Afshari, M. R. (1995). Investigating the efficacy of two spraying method based on plant density in the control of cotton leaf aphid. Research Report. Pest and Plant Diseases Research Institute, Iran. (in Persian)

Pourhaji, A. (2002). Investigating the effect of autumn control in the management of alfalfa leaf weevil (Hypera postica). Research Report. West Azerbaijan Agricultural Research Center, Iran. (in Persian)

Rahimi-Arnaei, V., & Safavi, S. A. (2020). Efficacy of some insecticides on larvae and adults of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica in field conditions. Plant Pest Research, 10(3), 77-88. https://doi.org/ 10.22124/iprj.2020.4430. (in Persian)

Reddy, G. V. P., Antwi, F. B., Shrestha, G., & Kuriwada, T. (2016). Evaluation of toxicity of biorational insecticides against larvae of the alfalfa weevil. Toxicology Reports, 3, 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.05.003.

Saeidi, K. (2007). Preliminary study on the natural enemies of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica in Yasuj. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 3(1), 1-13. (in Persian)

Saeidirad, M. H., Zarifneshat, S., & Forouhar, M. (2023). Evaluation of UAV spraying performance in fertilizing saffron compared to conventional liquid fertilization spraying methods. Agricultural Mechanization and Systems Research, 24(88), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.22092/amsr.2024.366525.1493 . (in Persian)

Safari, M., & Kafashan, J. (2004). Development and evaluation of a mounted spinning disk sprayer in and a conventional tractor mounted boom sprayer. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 6(24). 15-32. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.26454531.1384.6.3.2.0 (in Persian)

Safari, M., Bagheri, N., & Sheikhi Garjan, A. (2023). Technical and economical evaluation of UAV sprayer in comparison with conventional methods to control tomato Helicoverpa Amigera. Agricultural Mechanization and Systems Research, 24(85), 91-110. https://doi.org/10.22092/amsr.2024.364474.1474. (in Persian)

Shrestha, G., Reddy, G. V. P., & Jaronski, S. T. (2018). Field efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae strain SDS-502 for the management of alfalfa weevil and its impact on Bathyplectes spp. parasitization rate. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 153, 6-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.006.

Sumner, H. R., Herzog, G. A., & Sumner, P. E. (2000). Chemical application equipment for improved deposition in cotton. Journal of Cotton Science, 4(1), 19-27.

Talebi Jahromi, Kh., Omidi, M., & Sabahi, Gh. (2002). A study of the three methods for alfalfa weevil control with special reference to flaming of the plant stubble and debris. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 33(2), 325-332. (in Persian)

Yucel, B., Gozuacik, C., Gencer, D., Demir, I., & Demirbag, Z. (2018). Determination of fungal pathogens of Hypera postica (Gyllenhall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): isolation, characterization, and susceptibility. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0043-2.