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بررسی ارزش گردشگری چشماندازهای زمینگردشگری حوزه آبخیز حبلهرود با استفاده از مدل پرالونگ (Prolong) | ||
| مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 17، شماره 4، دی 1404، صفحه 498-513 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwmse.2025.367385.2086 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم صبوری1؛ هایده آرا* 2؛ محمد کیا کیانیان3؛ امین صالح پور جم4 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد گروه بیابانزدایی دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه بیابانزدایی، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه طی دهههای اخیر بهرهبرداری مفرط و غیراصولی از منابع حوزههای آبخیز (خاک، آب و پوشش گیاهی) باعث کاهش سلامت آنها شده است. یکی از این پاسخها، که میتواند نقش پیشگیرانه داشته باشد، توجه به معیشت جایگزین و بهخصوص صنعت بومگردی و گردشگری است. از اینرو، شناخت ژئوسایتها و ژئومورفوسایتهای مناطق مختلف ضرورت مییابد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی ارزش گردشگری چشماندازهای ژئومورفوتوریستی حوضه حبلهرود با استفاده از مدل پرالونگ است. مواد و روشها برای ارزیابی این ژئوسایتها، با مطالعات میدانی و کتابخانهای اطلاعات دقیقی نسبت به منطقه مورد مطالعه بهدست آمد. حوزه آبخیز حبلهرود با وسعت 1265977 هکتار در در استانهای تهران و سمنان واقع شده است. از بین مکانهای ژئومورفیک منطقه حبلهرود، سه مکان انتخاب شد و برای هر یک از مکانهای ژئومورفیک یک شناسنامه تهیه شد. مکانها شامل روستای رودافشان در غرب شهر دماوند، چشمه خُمده و تنگهواشی هستند. در این تحقیق، بنابر مدل پرالونگ، نظرسنجی از تعدادی کارشناسان آگاه نسبت به منطقه مورد مطالعه و گردشگران بازدیدکننده (30 نفر) با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده به عمل آمد. مدل مذکور، بهطور ویژه به ارزیابی کیفیت گردشگری ژئومورفوسایتها و بهرهوری آنها میپردازد. در این مدل، ارزش گردشگری یک مکان با میانگین ارزشهای زیبایی، علمی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. معیارها و مقیاسهای خاصی برای تعیین ارزش هر یک از جنبههای عیار گردشگری مکانهای ژئومورفیکی تعریف شده است. در چنین حالتی، عیار گردشگری یک مکان عبارت از میانگین این چهار معیار است. نتایج و بحث پس از سنجش دادهها مشخص شد که از بین سه نمونه انتخاب شده، ژئوسایت تنگهواشی با عیار گردشگری 0.54 و میانگین ارزش بهرهوری 0.68، دارای بالاترین ارزش ژئومورفوتوریسمی است. آنچه باعث بالابردن ارزش و اهمیت تنگهواشی شده است، منحصر به فردبودن آن در سطح کشور، اقلیم مساعد و خنک، شکلهای ژئومورفولوژی و حکاکیهای کم نظیر بر روی دیواره سنگی تنگه و همچنین منظره آبشار و وجود چمنزار بسیار زیبا در اطراف این تنگه است. این تنگه با رودخانه خروشان و با آب خنک جذابیت بسیاری را برای عموم مردم و گردشگران به وجود آورده است. ژئوسایتهای غار رودافشان با عیار گردشگری (0.41) در رتبه دوم قرار گرفت. دلایل کسب این رتبه را میتوان تجمع پدیدههای ژئومورفولوژیکی بهصورت فشرده در محدوده کوچک (داخل غار)، واقع شدن در کنار روستای رودافشان و جاذبههای طبیعی (رودخانه دلیچای، طبیعت بکر روستا با درختان سرسبز و بلند)، آن دانست. چشمه آب معدنی خمده با عیار (0.31)، رتبه سوم را به خود اختصاص داد. دلیل آن منحصر به فرد بودن چشمه در نوع خود در این منطقه، خاصیت درمانی آن، مجاورت با رودخانه پرآب حبلهرود، طبیعت زیبای اطراف آن و دسترسی آسان به جاده آسفالته است. ارزیابیها نشاندهنده آن است، که ارزشهای گردشگری لندفرمهای ژئومورفولوژیکی منطقه تنگهواشی عمدتاً بهدلیل بالابودن ارزش زیبایی ظاهری و ارزش فرهنگی و ارزش علمی این لندفرم است. به رابطه بین این ارزشها باید توجه شود. بهطورکلی، در همه لندفرمها، عیار ظاهری و عیار علمی به هم نزدیک هستند. نتیجهگیری طبق نتایج، بیشترین عیار و ارزش گردشگری مربوط به تنگهواشی و کمترین میزان مربوط به چشمه آب معدنی خمده است، اما به جز تنگهواشی، نسبت عیار علمی و ظاهری زیبایی و میزان بهرهوری در لندفرمهای دیگر بسیار پایین است. ضروری است با تجهیز این لندفرمها به امکانات مورد نیاز گردشگران، موجبات بهرهبرداری بهینه از این مناطق فراهم شود. ارزش گردشگری این مکانها وابسته به بالا بودن عیار ظاهری زیبایی و عیار فرهنگی و علمی آنها است. عواملی مانند دشواری دسترسی، نبود امکانات و تسهیلات رفاهی و خدماتی مناسب و عدم توجه به ژئوتوریسم در کاهش مجموع عیارهای محاسبه شده مؤثر بوده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ارزشگذاری؛ تنگهواشی؛ جاذبههای طبیعی؛ سمنان؛ معیشت جایگزین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluating the tourism value of selected geomorphotourism landscapes in the Hableh-Rud Basin using the Pralong model | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Sabouri1؛ Haydeh Ara2؛ Mohammad Kia Kianian3؛ Amin Salehpour Jam4 | ||
| 1MSc., Combat Desertification Department, Desert Studies Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Arid Lands Mnagement Department, Desert Studies Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Combat Desertification Department, Desert Studies Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Over the past decades, excessive and unplanned exploitation of watershed resources (soil, water, and vegetation) has led to a decline in their overall health. One approach that can play a preventive role in this regard is to focus on alternative livelihoods, especially in the ecotourism and tourism sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and assess geosites and geomorphosites across different regions. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the tourism value of geomorphotourism landscapes in the Hableh-Rud basin using the Pralong model. Materials and methods To evaluate these geosites, detailed information about the studied area was obtained through field and library studies. The Hableh-Rud watershed, with an area of 1,265,977 hectares, is located between 52°39' to 53°08' east longitude and 35°26' to 35°57' north latitude in Tehran and Semnan provinces. From among the geomorphic sites in the Hableh-Rud region, three sites were selected, and a detailed profile was prepared for each geomorphosite. The sites include Rudafshan Cave in the west of Damavand city, Khumdeh Spring, and Vashi Gorge. In this research, based on the Pralong model, a survey of experts knowledgeable about the study area and visiting tourists (30 people) was conducted using a simple random sampling method. The Pralong model specifically evaluates the tourism quality of geomorphosites and their potential for use. In this model, the tourism value of a site is calculated as the average of its aesthetic, scientific, cultural, and functional-economic values. Specific criteria and scales have been defined to determine the value of each aspect of the tourism quality of geomorphic sites. Accordingly, the tourism score of a site is the average of these four criteria. Results and discussion After analyzing the data, it was determined that, among the three selected sites, the Vashi Gorge geosite has the highest geomorphotourism value, with a tourism score of 0.54 and an average use potential value of 0.68. Factors that have increased the value and importance of the Vashi Gorge include its uniqueness at the national level, pleasant and cool climate, distinctive geomorphological forms and unique engravings on the stone wall of the gorge, as well as the scenery of the waterfall and the presence of a very beautiful meadow surrounding it. This gorge, with its raging river and cool water, has attracted many visitors and tourists. The Rudafshan Cave geosites ranked second with a tourism score of (0.41). The reasons for this ranking can be attributed to the concentration of geomorphological phenomena in a small area (inside the cave), its location next to Rudafshan village, and natural attractions (Delichai River, the pristine nature of the village with green and tall trees). The Khumdeh mineral spring with a score of (0.31) ranked third. The reasons include the unique character of the spring in the region, its therapeutic properties, its proximity to the flowing Hableh-Rud River, the beautiful surrounding nature, and easy access via an asphalted road. The evaluations show that the tourism values of the geomorphological landforms in the Vashi Gorge region are mainly due to the high scores for physical beauty, cultural value, and scientific value of this landform. The interrelationships between these values should be considered. In general, across all landforms, the aesthetic score and the scientific score are similar. Conclusions According to the results, the highest tourism quality and value belong to the Vashi Gorge, and the lowest belongs to the Khumdeh mineral spring. However, except for the Vashi Gorge, the scores for scientific and aesthetic quality, as well as use potential, in the other landforms are very low. It is necessary to provide these landforms with the facilities needed by tourists to ensure optimal utilization of these areas. The tourism value of these sites depends on the high quality of their aesthetic appeal and their cultural and scientific qualities. Factors such as difficult access, the lack of amenities and proper services, and insufficient attention to geotourism have contributed to the relatively low total calculated scores. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Alternative livelihoods, Natural attractions, Semnan, Valuation, Vashi Gorge | ||
| مراجع | ||
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