Essential oil contenet and composition of Thymus lancifolius Celak. in habitat and field conditions | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| Article 2, Volume 40, Issue 4 - Serial Number 122, December 2024, Pages 701-717 PDF (987.36 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.362076.3312 | ||
| Authors | ||
| M. Sadeghimanesh1; Z. Jafarian* 2; J. Ghorbani3; R. Azimi4 | ||
| 1Hamadan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Hamadan, Iran | ||
| 2Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university | ||
| 3Department of Rangeland, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 4Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background and objectives: Thymus lancifolius Celak. is one of the exclusive species of thyme genus in Iran, possessing high economic and medicinal value due to its high phenolic compounds. Considering the indiscriminate harvesting from thyme habitats, low production and non-standard quantity and quality of bioactive ingredients due to the high genetic diversity of thyme, the domestication of T. lancifolius Celak. species and its standardization is one of the goals of this study. In this regard, the quantity and quality of this species' essential oil (EO) were investigated and compared in habitat and field conditions. Methodology: In order to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the quantitative and qualitative production of T. lancifolius Celak. in the field and habitat conditions (five habitats of Rezen, Asadabad, Hamedan, Malayer, and Toyserkan), this species was planted in the Ekbatan station through seed propagation, in the form of a complete randomized block design with three replications. The EO of plants at the full flowering stage were extracted using the hydrodistillation method, and the chemical compounds of EO were measured and identified by GC and GC/MS devices. Results: The comparison of the EO percentage of T. lancifolius populations shows that there is a significant difference in the habitat, so the Asadabad habitat had the highest EO percentage (3.85%), and the Malayer habitat had the lowest EO (1.94%). The amount of EO of the populations in the field also has a significant difference, so the highest percentage of EO (4.18%) is related to the Asadabad population and the lowest is related to Malayer (1.78%). In the populations of Asadabad and Toyserkan, the percentage of EO from the field was more than that of the habitat, but in the populations of Razan, Hamedan, and Malayer, the higher EO belongs to the habitat. Compounds in all populations are almost similar in habitat and field conditions but differ in the type of dominant compounds and their amount. The result of the cluster analysis of the important bioactive constituents of the EO in the five studied populations indicates the existence of two types of chemical types (chemotypes), including thymol (chemotype 1) and geraniol/geranyl acetate (chemotype 2) in both field and habitat conditions. In the EO of four populations of T. lancifolius related to chemotype 1, the main compounds include thymol (habitat: 52.2-71.4%, field: 49.4-68.1%), carvacrol (habitat: 4.5-23.5%, field: 3.9-25.5%), p-cemen (habitat: 4.3-6.1%, field: 4.6-6.6%), and γ-terpinene (habitat: 3.9-9.3%, field: 5.7-8.9%). In this chemotype, the highest amount of thymol (71.4%) was observed in the Hamedan habitat, and the highest amount of phenolic compounds (80%) was found in the Malayer habitat. In the Razan population related to chemotype 2, bioactive constituents including geraniol (habitat: 52.1%, field35.8%), geranyl acetate (habitat: 22%, field: 16%), linalool (habitat: 6.3%, field: 14.7%), and thymol (habitat: 7%, farm: 12%) formed the main compounds of the EO. Conclusion: According to the results of examining the quantity and quality of EO of different populations of T. lancifolius Celak., two main chemotypes, including the thymol chemotype and the geraniol/geranyl acetate chemotype, can be introduced for the domestication and cultivation of this species in Hamadan province to prevent the destruction of thyme plants while using them in the pharmaceutical industry. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Thymus lancifolius Celak; essential oil; chemotype; thymol; geraniol; habitat; field | ||
| References | ||
|
- Abdel-Rahman, A. and Migahid, M., 2019. The autecological characteristics of endangered medicinal plant Thymus capitatus, in the Western Mediterranean region of Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 59(2): 387-398. - Adams, R., 2017. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Carol Stream. Carol Stream, Allured Publication, 804 p. - Aprotosoaie, A.C., Hăncianu, M., Costacheb, I.I. and Mirona, A., 2016. Linalool: a review on a key odorant molecule with valuable biological properties. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 29(4): 193-219. - Badawy, M.E.I., Marei, G.I.K., Rabea, E.I. and Taktak, N.E.M., 2019. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes against some foodborne pathogens through in vitro and in silico studies. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 158: 185-200. - Chen, J., Jiang, Q.-D., Chai, Y.-P., Zhang, H., Peng, P. and Yang, X.-X., 2016a. Natural terpenes as penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. Molecules, 21(12): 1709. - Chen, S.L., Hua, Y., Luo, H.M. and Wu, Q., 2016b. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 11(37): 1-10. - Chen, W. and Viljoen, A.M., 2022. Geraniol- A review update. South African Journal of Botany, 150: 1205-1219. - El-Bakkal, S., Zeroual, S., Elouazkiti, M., Mansori, M., Bouamama, H., Zehhar, N. and El-Kaoua, M., 2020. Comparison of yield chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils obtained from Thymus pallidus and Thymus satureioides Coss. grown in wild and cultivated conditions in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 23:1-14. - Emami Bistgani, Z. and Sefidkon, F., 2019. Review on ethnobotany, phytochemical, molecular and pharmacological activity of Thymus daenensis Celak. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 22: 101400. - Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Hashemi, M. and Ghahfarokhi, F.T., 2013. Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated Thymus daenensis Celak. and Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products, 48: 43-48. - Gupta, A., Mumtaz, Sh., Li, C.H., Hussain, I. and Rotello, V.M., 2019. Combatting antibiotic-resistant bacteria using nanomaterials. Chemical Society Reviews, 48: 415-427. - Hasani, J., 2013. Essential oil comparison in Thymus daenensis Celak. and Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger. in natural Kurdistan habitats. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 1(1): 1-12. - Heydari, A., Hadian, J., Esmaeili, H., Kanani, M.R., Mirjalili, M.H. and Sarkhosh, A., 2019. Introduction of Thymus daenensis into cultivation: Analysis of agro-morphological, phytochemical and genetic diversity of cultivated clones. Industrial Crops and Products, 131: 14-24. - Jamzad, Z., 2009. Iran's thymes and spices. Publications of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 177p (In persin). - Karimi, Z., Houshmand, S., Mohammad Khani, A. and Yousefzadeh, K., 2016. Investigating the effect of harvesting time on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of two species of medicinal plants (Thymus armeniacus, Thymus lancifolius). Ecophytochemistry Quarterly of Medicinal Plants, 5(1): 40-56. - Khorshidi, J., Shokrpour, M. and Nazeri, V., 2019. Phytochemical investigation and comparison of the essential oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. medicinal plant in the conditions of natural habitats and farm. Ecophytochemical Quarterly of Medicinal Plants, 25(1): 1-11. - Kalvandi, R., Mirza, M., Atri, M., Hessamzadeh Hejazi, M., Jamzad, Z. and Safikhani, K., 2014. Introduction of seven new chemotypes of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas species in Iran by examining the diversity of essential oil compounds in individuals of different populations of this species. Iran Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 30(1): 101-122. - Miró, M.V., Costa-Júnior, L.M., Alvarez, L.I., Lanusse, C., Virkel, G. and Lifschitz, A., 2022. Pharmacological characterization of geraniol in sheep and its potential use in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes. Veterinary and Animal Science, 18: 65-69. - Mozaffarian, M., 2007. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser Press, Tehran, 671p. - Mousavi, A., Ghahraninejad, F and Mirza, M., 2015, chemical diversity of Thymus lancifolius populations in Iran, National Conference of Medicinal Plants, Shahroud, Iran, 8-9 march: 21-22. - Nakamura, A., Fujiwara, S., Matsumoto, I. and Abe, K., 2009. Stress repression in restrained rats by (R)- (-)-linalool inhalation and gene expression profiling of their whole blood cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(12): 5480-5485. - Paulino, B.N., Silva, G.N.S., Araújo, F.F., Néri-Numa, I.A., Pastore, G.M., Bicas, J.L. and Molina, G., 2022. Beyond natural aromas: The bioactive and technological potential of monoterpenes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 128: 188-201. - Pereira, S.I., Santos, P.A.G., Barroso, J.G., Figueiredo, A.C., Pedro, L.G., Salgueiro, L.R., Deans, S.G. and Scheffer, J.J.C., 2000. Chemical polymorphism of the essential oils from populations of Thymus caespititus grown on the Island S. Jorge (Azores). Phytochemistry, 55(3): 241-246. - Pluhár, Z., Sárosi, S. and Simkó, H., 2012. Enviromental condition and essentioal oil diversity of native Thymus Pulegioides population in highlands of Hungery and in the Carpathians. Acta Horticulturae, 955: 65-71. - Raguso, A.R., 2016. More lessons from linalool: insights gained from a ubiquitous floral volatile. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 32: 31-36. - Safai, L., Sharifi Ashourabadi, A. and Afiuni, D., 2017. Study of environmental factors effects on Thymus daenensis quality and quantity in field and habitat conditions. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 9(29): 195-203. - Sajjadi, S.E. and Khatamsaz, M., 2003. Composition of the essential oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. lancifolius (Celak.) Jalas. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15: 34-35. - Sefidkon, F., Kalvandi, R., Atri, M. and Barazandeh, M.M., 2005. Essential oil variability of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20(5): 521-524. - Sepahvand, A., Khademi, K., Astereki, H. and Mohammadian, A., 2017. 'Effects of density on yield and yield components of thyme (Thymus lancifolius Celak.) under dry farming conditions of Lorestan province'. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 32(6): 988-997. - Silva, G. dos S.E., Marques, J.N. de J., Linhares, E.P.M., Bonora, C.M., Costa, É.T. and Saraiva, M.F., 2022. Review of anticancer activity of monoterpenoids: Geraniol, nerol, geranial and neral. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 362: 90-94. - Torras, J., Grau, M.D., Lopez, J.F. and Heras, F.X.C., 2007. Analysis of essential oils from chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris in Catalonia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87: 2327-2333. - Vaičiulytė, V., Ložienė, K., Taraškevičius, R. and Butkienė., R., 2017. Variation of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides in relation to soil chemistry. Industrial Crops and Products, 95: 422-433. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 680 PDF Download: 554 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb