Evaluating the Effect of Drought on the Temporal Recharge Pattern of Aquifers in the Damghanroud Watershed | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| Article 4, Volume 38, Issue 1 - Serial Number 146, March 2025, Pages 38-60 PDF (1.97 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/wmrj.2024.365662.1585 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mahin Khosravi1; Mohammad Reza Yazdani* 2 | ||
| 1Postdoc researcher, Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction and Goal Groundwater is considered one of the most important sources for agriculture and drinking water supply, and it is significantly affected by environmental and climatic factors. Our limited understanding of hydrological processes, particularly groundwater resource, makes understanding the metrics and patterns affecting groundwater recharge essential for the optimize water resource management. Examining the temporal patterns of groundwater recharge provides a foundation for sustainable management of groundwater resources to mitigate the effects of drought on water supplies. Materials and Methods This study quantifies groundwater recharge from 2008 to 2018 using the SWAT model in the Damghanroud watershed located in Semnan Province. Calibration and validation of the model were performed using SWATCUP and the SUFI2 algorithm. The standardized precipitation index (SPI), the reconnaissance drought index (RDI), and the standardized runoff index (SRI) were used to assess the impacts of drought on aquifer recharge. The trend of aquifer recharge was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and Sen's slope estimator method. Results and Discussion The analysis of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient during the calibration (0.77) and validation (0.69) periods in the SWAT model showed that the model's performance in simulation groundwater was relatively good. The findings revealed that, on a monthly scale, the effects of drought on aquifer recharge did not show a specific trend; however, in the winter, spring, and summer seasons, there was an increasing trend in the decline of aquifer recharge. Reduced rainfall and runoff, coupled with increased temperature and evapotranspiration during rainy seasons, intensified drought conditions, leading to decreased groundwater recharge. Conclusion and suggestions Temporal analysis of aquifers revealed that in arid and semi-arid regions, climatic variable changes are closely linked with drought phenomena. The results of this study show that the temporal pattern of aquifer recharge changed under the influence of various variable changes in the watershed, and the magnitude of these changes was based on the correlation of the variables. The trend analysis of droughts on aquifer recharge showed an increasing trend during wet periods and a decreasing trend during dry periods. These findings can be used to improve aquifer recharge during wet periods and to mitigate the effects of droughts on aquifer recharge through optimal management and planning of existing water resources. It is recommended to implement comprehensive planning and optimal management of water resources during both wet and dry periods to improve groundwater recharge and mitigate the effects of drought. Additionally, using climate change prediction models and strengthening monitoring of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas is essential to prevent unexpected reductions in aquifer recharge in a timely manner. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Groundwater; Mann-Kendall test; Drought index; SWAT model | ||
| References | ||
|
Abbaspour, K. C. 2011. User manual for SWAT-CUP: SWAT calibration and uncertainty analysis programs. Eawag: Swiss Fed. Inst. of Aquat. Sci. and Technol., Duebendorf, Switzerland, 103 p. Abbaspour KC, Vejdani M, Haghighat S, Yang J. 2007. SWAT-CUP calibration and uncertainty programs for SWAT. In MODSIM 2007 international congress on modeling and simulation, modeling and simulation society of Australia and New Zealand. 10(2): 1596-1602. Abdullahi, MG, Toriman ME, Gasim MB. 2015. The application of vertical electrical sounding (VES) for groundwater exploration in Tudun Wada Kano state, Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Geosciences. 4(01): 4-6. Achite M, Simsek O, Adarsh S, Hartani T, Caloiero T. 2023. Assessment and monitoring of meteorological and hydrological drought in semiarid regions: The Wadi Ouahrane basin case study (Algeria). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 130, 103386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103386 Ahmadi Karladani, M, Hezarjaribi, A, Ghorbani, K. 2023. Analysis of the Monthly Trend of Evapotranspiration Changes in Different Climates of Iran. Journal of Climate Research, 1402(53): 81-96. Alizadeh M, Yang S, Sharif M, Katti S, McKeown, N, Prabhakar B, Shenker S. 2013. pFabric: Minimal near-optimal datacenter transport. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review. 43(4): 435-446. (In Persian). Allen DM, Whitfield PH, Werner A. 2010. Groundwater level responses in temperate mountainous terrain: regime classification, and linkages to climate and streamflow. Hydrological Processes. 24(23): 3392-3412. Arnold JG, Srinivasan R, Muttiah RS, Williams JR. 1998. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development 1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 34(1): 73-89. Asadi Zarch MA, Malekinezhad H, Mobin MH, Dastorani MT, Kousari MR. 2011. Drought monitoring by reconnaissance drought index (RDI) in Iran. Water Resources Management. 25: 3485-3504. (In Persian). Asadi MA, Jamnezhad F, Ekhtesasi MR, Hosseini SZ. 2022. Investigating the effects of drought and land-use changes on quantity and quality of groundwater resources: A case study of Darab plain. Desert Ecosystem Engineering. 9(28): 89-102. (In Persian).
Bai Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang N, Wei X, Zhou M, ... Zhang Z. 2023. The Impact of Groundwater Burial Depth on the Vegetation of the Dariyabui Oasis in the Central Desert. Sustainability. 16(1): 351-378. Bailey RT, Wible TC, Arabi M, Records RM, Ditty J. 2016. Assessing regional‐scale spatio‐temporal patterns of groundwater–surface water interactions using a coupled SWAT‐MODFLOW model. Hydrological Processes. 30(23): 4420-4433. Banimahd SA, Khalili D. 2013. Factors influencing Markov chains predictability characteristics, utilizing SPI, RDI, EDI and SPEI drought indices in different climatic zones. Water resources management, 27: 3911-3928. Barker LJ, Hannaford J, Chiverton A, Svensson C. 2016. From meteorological to hydrological drought using standardised indicators. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 20(6): 2483-2505. Barman J, Biswas B, Soren DDL. 2023. Groundwater trend analysis and regional groundwater drought assessment of a semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. Environment, Development and Sustainability. pp. 1-25. Barati R, Mesbahzadeh N. 2019. Evaluating the impact of climate change on groundwater resources in the Middle East: A case study from Iran. Journal of Climate Change and Water Resources. 15(3): 210-225. Bazrafshan O, Mahmoudzadeh F, Asgarinezhad A, Bazrafshan J, Author -Corresponding, Professor A. 2019. Adaptive evaluation of SPI, RDI, and SPEI indices in analyzing the trend of intensity, duration, and frequency of drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Iran. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering. 42(3):117–131. https://doi.org/10.22055/jise.2017.22113.1585 Berghuijs WR, Van den Hurk BJJM. 2024. Impacts of increasing drought on groundwater recharge rates: a global assessment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. pp. 1-31. Bloomfield JP, Marchant BP. 2013. Analysis of groundwater drought building on the standardised precipitation index approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 17(12): 4769-4787. Boudad N, Faizi,R, Thami ROH, Chiheb R. 2018. Sentiment analysis in Arabic: A review of the literature. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 9(4): 2479-2490. Bouwer H. 2000. Integrated water management: emerging issues and challenges. Agricultural Water Management. 45(3): 217-228. Bucton BGB, Shrestha S, Saurav KC, Mohanasundaram S, Virdis SG, Chaowiwat W. 2022. Impacts of climate and land use change on groundwater recharge under shared socioeconomic pathways: A case of Siem Reap, Cambodia. Environmental Research, 211, 113070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113070 Busico G, Ntona MM, Carvalho SC, Patrikaki O, Voudouris K, Kazakis N. 2021. Simulating future groundwater recharge in coastal and inland catchments. Water Resources Management. 35(11): 3617-3632. Davamani V, John JE, Poornachandhra C, Gopalakrishnan B, Arulmani S, Parameswari E, ... Naidu R. 2024. A Critical Review of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources: A Focus on the Current Status, Future Possibilities, and Role of Simulation Models. Atmosphere. 15(1): 115- 122. Faquseh H, Grossi G. 2024. Trend analysis of precipitation, temperature and snow water equivalent in Lombardy region, northern Italy. Sustainable Water Resources Management. 10(1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00992-2 Forootan E, Golpaegani F. 2020. The Investigation of the relationship between groundwater level variation and drought index (Case study: Sharifabad Watershed in Qom Province). Journal of Environmental Science and technology. 22 (596): 255-265 (In Persian). Hachemaoui A, Elouissi A, Benzater B, Fellah S. 2022. Assessment of the hydrological impact of land use/cover changes in a semi-arid basin using the SWAT model (case of the Oued Saïda basin in western Algeria). Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. 8(4): 5611-5624. Hersi NA, Mulungu DM, Nobert J. 2023. Groundwater recharge estimation under changing climate and land use scenarios in a data-scarce Bahi (Manyoni) catchment in Internal Drainage Basin (IDB), Tanzania using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 22(1), 100921-100957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.100957 Jahangir MH, Yarahmadi Y. 2020. Hydrological drought analysis and monitoring by using the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) (case study: Lorestan, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13: 1-12. Jia X, Hou D, Wang L, O'Connor D, Luo J. 2020. The development of groundwater research in the past 40 years: A burgeoning trend in groundwater depletion and sustainable management. Journal of Hydrology, 587, 125006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125006 Katipoğlu OM, Acar R, Şengül S. 2020. Comparison of meteorological indices for drought monitoring and evaluating: a case study from Euphrates basin, Turkey. Journal of Water and Climate Change. 11(S1): 29-43. Khosravi M, Zolfaghari AA, Kabuli SH, Ghaffari H. 2022. Investigating the efficiency of the SWAT model in spatial runoff analysis in watersheds lacking local soil data (Case study: Damghanroud Watershed). Applied Soil Research. 10 (1): 129-143. (In Persian). Li X, Wang J, Zhao Y. 2022. Assessment and Prediction of Groundwater using Geospatial Techniques. Research Square.Res. 48: 241-249. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-878665/v1 Mann H. 1945. Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13 245259Milly PCD, Dunne KA (2002) Macro scale water fluxes 2, water and energy supply control of their enter-annual variability. Water Researsh. 38(1): 241-249. Masupha MD, Machacha G. 2021. Evaluating the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in Semi-Arid Regions: A case study of the Limpopo River Basin, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology. 590, pp. 125-138. Mengistu TD, Chung IM, Kim MG, Chang SW, Lee JE. 2022. Impacts and implications of land use land cover dynamics on groundwater recharge and surface runoff in East African Watershed. Water. 14(13): 2068. McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology. 17( 22): 179-183. Moccia B, Mineo C, Ridolfi E, Russo F, Napolitano F. 2022. SPI-based drought classification in Italy: influence of different probability distribution functions. Water. 14(22): 3659-3668. Moriasi DN, Arnold JG, Van Liew MW, Bingner RL, Harmel RD, Veith TL. 2007. Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations. Transactions of the ASABE. 50(3): 885–900. Moeck C, Brunner P, Hunkeler D. 2016. The influence of model structure on groundwater recharge rates in climate-change impact studies. Hydrogeology Journal. 24(5): 1169-1171. Muleta B, Seyoum T, Assefa S. 2022. GIS-based assessment of suitability area of rainwater harvesting in Daro Labu District, Oromia, Ethiopia. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 8(1): 21-35. Nalbantis I, Tsakiris G. 2009. Assessment of hydrological drought revisited. Water resources management. 23: 881-897. Ndayiragije JM, Li F. 2022. Monitoring and analysis of drought characteristics based on climate change in Burundi using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Water. 14(16): 2494-2511. Noori AR, Singh SK. 2024. Delineation of optimal locations for artificial groundwater recharge utilizing MIF and GIS in a semi-arid area. Environmental Earth Sciences. 83(1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12665-023-11338-8/METRICS Petersen-Perlman JD, Aguilar-Barajas I, Megdal, SB. 2022. Drought and groundwater management: Interconnections, challenges, and policyresponses. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health. 28(1): 100349-100364. Pingale SM, Khare D, Jat MK, Adamowski J. 2016. Trend analysis of climatic variables in an arid and semi-arid region of the Ajmer District, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Water and Land Development. 28(1): 3-15. Rahimeh Javadian MN. 2018. Study of thermal comfort in adaptation of architecture to climatic conditions in Semnan city. Journal of Application of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing in Urban Planning. 1(12): 74–92. (In Persian). Quinn NW, Oster JD. 2021. Innovations in Sustainable Groundwater and Salinity Management in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Sustainability, 13(12): 6649-6658. Rwebugisa RA. 2008. Groundwater recharge assessment in the Makutupora basin, Dodoma Tanzania. ITC. 15(1):10-25. Sahu MK, Shwetha HR, Dwarakish GS. 2023. State-of-the-art hydrological models and application of the HEC-HMS model: Areview. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. 9(3): 3029-3051. Shah BA, Chatterjee S. 2021. Geospatial assessment of groundwater arsenic contamination in the Holocene aquifers of Bengal Delta from western parts of the Bhaghirathi River in West Bengal, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14: 1-14. Said M, Hyandye C, Mjemah IC, Komakech HC, Munishi LK. 2021. Evaluation and prediction of the impacts of land cover change on hydrological processes in data constrained Southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Earth. 2(2): 225-247. Samavati A, Babamiri O, Rezai Y, Heidarimozaffar M. 2023. Investigating the effects of climate change on future hydrological drought in mountainous basins using SWAT model based on CMIP5 model. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 37(3): 849–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-022-02319-7 Sandström K. 1995. Modeling the effects of rainfall variability on groundwater recharge in semi-arid Tanzania. Hydrology Research. 26(4-5): 313-330. Sen PK. 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 63(324): 1379-1389. Sivapragasam C, Kannabiran K, Karthik G, Raja S. 2015. Assessing Suitability of GP Modeling for Groundwater Level. Aquatic Procedia. 4 (December). pp. 693–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.089 Tareke KA, Awoke AG. 2022. Hydrological drought analysis using streamflow drought index (SDI) in Ethiopia. Advances in Meteorology. 2022(1): 7067900-7067951. Taylor RG, Scanlon B, Döll P, Rodell M, Van Beek R, Wada Y, Treidel H. 2013. Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change. 3(4): 322-329. Tigabu TB, Wagner PD, Hörmann G, Fohrer N. 2020. Modeling the spatio-temporal flow dynamics of groundwater-surface water interactions of the Lake Tana Basin, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. Hydrology Research. 51(6): 1537-1559. Tsakiris G, Vangelis HJEW. 2005. Establishing a drought index incorporating evapotranspiration. European Water. 9(10): 3-11. Tularam GA, Krishna M. 2009. Long term consequences of groundwater pumping in Australia: A review of impacts around the globe. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 4(2): 15-25. Twisa S, Kazumba S, Kurian M, Buchroithner M. F. 2020. Evaluating and predicting the effects of land use changes on hydrology in Wami river basin, Tanzania. Hydrology. 7(1): 5-17. Wang Y, Zheng C, Ma R. 2018. Safe and sustainable groundwater supply in China. Hydrogeology Journal. (5): 1301-1324. Wang Y, Zhu S, Yuan L, Deng R. 2020. An automatic parameter calibration method for the SWAT model in runoff simulation. River Research and Applications. 36(7): 1321-1333. Wambua RM. 2019. Hydrological drought forecasting using modified surface water supply index (SWSI) and streamflow drought index (SDI) in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs). International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering and Technology (IJSSMET). 10(4): 39-57. Wubneh MA, Alemu MG, Fekadie FT, Worku TA, Demamu MT, Aman TF. 2023. Meteorological and hydrological drought monitoring and trend analysis for selected gauged watersheds in the Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia: under future climate change impact scenario. Scientific African, 20, e01738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01738 Wu F, Zhan J, Chen J, He C, Zhang Q. 2015. Water yield variation due to forestry change in the head‐water area of Heihe River Basin, northwest China. Advances in Meteorology. 2015(1): 786764. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/786764 Yilmaz B. 2019. Analysis of hydrological drought trends in the GAP region (southeastern Turkey) by Mann-Kendall test and innovative sen method. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research.17(2):57-67. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_33253342 Zarei AR, Shabani A, Mahmoudi MR. 2021. Susceptibility assessment of winter wheat, barley and rapeseed to drought using generalized estimating equations and cross-correlation function. Environmental Processes. 8: 163-197. (In Persian). | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 741 PDF Download: 300 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb