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تأثیر عوامل نگرشی و جامعه‌‌شناختی بر تمایل به پرداخت گردشگران جنگل حفاظتشده هلن در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 32، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96، شهریور 1403، صفحه 148-161 اصل مقاله (944.86 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2024.364928.2148 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهره خلیلی اردلی* 1؛ حمید امیرنژاد2؛ سلیمان محمدی لیمایی3؛ صادق صالحی4 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، دانشجو دکترای جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه جامعه‌‌شناسی توسعه، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: برای بیان نقش و اهمیت محیط‌‌زیست و تبدیل آن به ارزش‌‌های پولی لازم است که منابع آن با استفاده از روش‌‌های مناسب ارزشگذاری شوند. نگرش محیط‌‌زیستی، یکی از عوامل مهم در بهبود توصیف و پیش‌‌بینی مدل‌‌های اقتصادی است. پارادایم نوین محیط‌‌زیستی بهعنوان پرکاربرد‌‌ترین معیار نگرش محیط‌‌زیستی از متغیر‌‌های مورد استفاده در ارزشگذاری مشروط و تمایل به پرداخت به‌شمار می‌آید. در این پارادایم بهعنوان نوعی نگرش نسبت به محیط‌‌زیست، فرد معتقد است که انسان بر طبیعت غلبه ندارد؛ بین انسان و طبیعت باید تعادل وجود داشته باشد و برای رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، محدودیت وجود دارد. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌رو، برآورد ارزش تفرجی و تمایل به پرداخت گردشگران با احتساب پارادایم نوین محیط‌‌زیستی در منطقه حفاظتشده جنگلی هلن در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط است. مواد و روش: جامعه آماری مورد بررسی در این پژوهش، گردشگران منطقه حفاظتشده جنگل هلن بود. به‌‌منظور برآورد حجم نمونه ابتدا پیش‌‌پرسش‌نامه‌‌ای برای تعیین واریانس صفت مورد بررسی (تمایل به پرداخت) طراحی و توسط گردشگران تکمیل شد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و اطلاعات به‌‌دست‌آمده از پیش‌‌پرسش‌نامه، 230 نمونه تعیین شد. برای اندازه‌‌گیری تمایل به پرداخت گردشگران جنگل هلن از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط با تکمیل پرسش‌نامه انتخاب دوگانه دوبعدی استفاده شد. در این روش، ارزش تخمین‌زده‌‌شده براساس شرایط یک بازار فرضی تعیین می‌‌شود. همچنین، به‌‌منظور بررسی نگرش محیط‌‌زیستی از پرسش‌نامه پارادایم نوین محیط‌‌زیستی استفاده شد. این پرسش‌نامه حاوی 15 گویه در قالب مقیاس طیف لیکرت است. آمار و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق روش نمونه‌‌برداری تصادفی در ایام مختلف هفته در فصل‌های مختلف سال 1401 با مصاحبه حضوری با بازدید‌‌کنندگان از منطقه مذکور گردآوری شد. در روش ارزشگذاری مشروط برای بررسی تأثیر متغیر‌‌های توضیحی بر تمایل به پرداخت بازدید‌‌کنندگان از مدل رگرسیونی لاجیت استفاده شد. براساس روش بیشینه درست‌‌نمائی نیز پارامتر‌‌های این مدل برآورد شدند. همچنین، با استفاده از متوسط تمایل به پرداخت قسمتی، مقدار تمایل به پرداخت بازدید‌‌کنندگان محاسبه شد. در این پژوهش به‌‌منظور آنالیز داده‌‌ها برای برآورد مدل اقتصادی رگرسیونی لاجیت و تجزیه و تحلیل آماری به‌‌ترتیب از نرم‌‌افزار‌‌های Shazam و Excel استفاده شد. نتیجه‌‌گیری کلی: استفاده از پارادایم نوین محیط‌‌زیستی در کنار متغیر‌‌های اقتصادی- اجتماعی دیگر بهعنوان یکی از مهم‌‌ترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تمایل به پرداخت افراد برای استفاده و بهره‌‌مندی تفرجی از جنگل هلن کاربرد دارد. تمایل به پرداخت درصد زیادی از افراد مصاحبه‌شونده برای استفاده از خدمت تفرجی جنگل هلن، ازنظر مدیریتی امید‌‌آفرین است. این نتایج بیانگر امکان گسترش خدمات تفرجی و به‌تبع آن، افزایش توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی خواهد بود. به‌علاوه، با کمک یافته‌‌های استخراج‌‌شده از این پژوهش می‌‌توان سیاست‌‌گذاری قیمتی مناسبی برای حفاظت از جنگل هلن اتخاذ کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزش تفرجی؛ ارزشگذاری مشروط؛ پارادایم نوین محیط‌‌زیستی؛ تمایل به پرداخت؛ مدل لاجیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of attitudinal and sociological factors on tourists' willingness to pay for Helen Protected Forest in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Z. Khalili Ardali1؛ H. Amirnezhad2؛ S. Mohammadi Limaei3؛ S. Salehi4 | ||
| 1Corresponding author, Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran | ||
| 2Prof., Department of Agricultural Economics, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Prof, Department of Sociology of Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: To express the role and importance of the environment and convert it to monetary values, these resources need to be valued using appropriate methods. Environmental attitude is a crucial factor in improving the description and prediction of economic models. The new environmental paradigm (NEP) is the most widely used measure of environmental attitude among the variables used in contingent valuation and willingness to pay. This study aims to estimate the recreational value and willingness to pay of tourists, considering the new environmental paradigm in the Helen Protected Forest, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, using the contingent valuation method. Methodology: This study examines the visitor population of the Helen Protected Forest. To estimate the sample size, a pre-questionnaire was designed and completed by the tourists to determine the variance of the trait under investigation. The number of 230 samples was determined using Cochran’s formula and the information obtained from the pre-questionnaire. The contingent valuation method was applied to assess the willingness of forest tourists to pay, using the Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice questionnaire. In this method, the estimated value is determined based on the conditions of a hypothetical market. Additionally, to investigate environmental attitude, the new environmental paradigm questionnaire was used. This questionnaire contains 15 items in the form of a Likert scale. The required statistics and information were collected through random sampling on different days of the week in different seasons of 2022 with face-to-face interviews of visitors from the mentioned area. In the contingent valuation method, the logit regression model was used to investigate the effect of explanatory variables on visitors’ willingness to pay, and the parameters of this model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. Furthermore, using the truncated average willingness to pay, the visitors’ willingness to pay was calculated. For data analysis and estimation of the logit regression economic model, as well as for statistical analysis, the software packages Shazam and Excel were employed. Results: The results showed that 83.04% of visitors are willing to pay for recreational use of the Helen Protected Forest. The logit model indicated that the variables of the proposed amount and the number of annual visits have negative effects, while the variable of the new environmental paradigm has a positive and significant effect on people’s willingness to pay. The willingness of men and native people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province to pay was significantly higher than that of women and non-native people. The variables of age, education, and income have positive and significant effects on people’s willingness to pay. The environmental statement (Ethics and Consequentialist) showed that the average willingness to pay of ethics people was higher than that of consequentialist people. The contingent valuation method estimated an average WTP of 199,793 IR Rials per household per visit and 519,461.8 IR Rials annually per family. The total annual recreation value for the Helen Protected Forest was estimated at 2,374,683,2564 IR Rials. Significantly, visitors’ environmental attitude emerged as a key factor influencing WTP. Analysis of the NEP scale revealed the highest average score (4.28) for the item “Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist,” suggesting that visitors recognize the intrinsic value of nature. Conclusion: The use of the new environmental paradigm, along with socio-economic variables, is one of the most important factors affecting people’s willingness to pay for recreational use of Helen Protected Forest. The high percentage of willingness to pay for using the recreation service of this forest is promising from a management perspective. These results indicate the possibility of expanding recreational services, which may consequently increase economic, social, and cultural development. Additionally, the findings from this research can help adopt a suitable pricing policy to protect the natural resources of Helen Forest. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Contingent valuation, logit model, new environmental paradigm, recreational value, willingness to pay | ||
| مراجع | ||
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