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اثر تراکم بوته و آرایش کاشت بر عملکرد، اندازه سوخ و انبارمانی دو رقم پیاز خوراکی ( . Allium cepa L) | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 38، شماره 3، مهر 1401، صفحه 365-384 اصل مقاله (1.41 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2023.362151.1306 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهرام رستم‌فرودی* ؛ محمدجواد زمانی | ||
| موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر تراکم بوته و آرایش کاشت بر عملکرد و اندازه سوخ در دو رقم پیاز خوراکی مروارید و زرگان، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال‌های 1397 و 1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر درکرج اجرا شد. ارقام مروارید و زرگان به‌صورت کشت نشایی در کرت‌های اصلی و دو عامل فاصله ردیف10، 15 و 20 سانتی‌متر و فاصله روی ردیف 5، 7/5، 10و 12/5سانتی‌متر به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین عملکرد بازارپسند به ترتیب از آرایش‌های کاشت 7/5× 15 و 10 × 15 سانتی‌متر (تراکم‌های 88/8 و 66/7بوته در متر‌مربع) به میزان 73/7 و 67/6 تن در هکتار حاصل شد. با کاهش تراکم، درصد وزنی پیازهای کوچک در رقم مروارید از 38/31 درصد به 6/57درصد و در رقم زرگان از 64/12درصد به 12/77درصد کاهش یافت. در رقم مروارید با کاهش تراکم درصد پیازهای بزرگ، دوقلو و گردن کلفت به ترتیب از 3/19درصد به 19/85درصد و از 7/92 درصد به 29/41درصد افزایش نشان داد. در رقم زرگان همزمان با کاهش تراکم تا 66/7 بوته در متر‌مربع (آرایش کاشت 10 × 15 سانتی‌متر)، میزان پیازهای متوسط از 35/78 درصد به 85/15 درصد افزایش یافت. در مدت انبارمانی، رقم مروارید در کلیه آرایش‌های کاشت متناظر نسبت به رقم زرگان درصد جوانه‌زنی و پوسیدگی کمتری داشت. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، برای ارقام مروارید و زرگان به‌ترتیب آرایش‌های کاشت 7/5 × 15 و 10 × 15 سانتی‌متر به‌دلیل مصرف کمتر نشاء در مقایسه با تراکم‌های بیشتر توصیه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پیازخوراکی؛ عملکرد کل؛ عملکرد بازارپسند؛ درصد جوانه زنی سوخ؛ پوسیدگی سوخ | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Plant Density and Planting Arrangement on Yield, Bulb Size and Storage-Life of Two Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| B. Rostam Foroudi؛ M. J. Zamani | ||
| Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To study the effect of plant density and planting arrangement on yield and bulb size of two onion cultivars, a filed experiment was carried out as split factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2018-2019. Two onion cultivars, Morvarid and Zargan, were assigned to main plots, and inter row spacing of 10, 15, 20 cm and intra row spacing of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 cm as factorial were randomized in sub plots. Cv. Morvarid and cv. Zargan had the highest marketable yield in 15 × 7.5 and 15 × 10 cm planting arrangements (88.8 and 66.7 plant m-2, respectively) with 73.7 and 67.6 t ha-1, respectively. In cv. Morvarid and cv.Zargan, with decreasing the plant density, the proportion of small bulbs decreased from 38.31 to 6.57% and from 64.12 to 7.77%, respectively. In cv. Morvarid, with decreasing the plant density, large bulbs, doubles and thick neck bulbs increased from 3.19 to 19.85% and from 7.92 to 29.41%, respectively. In cv. Zargan, with decreasing the plant density to 66.7 plant m-2 (15 × 10 cm), the proportion of medium size bulbs increased from 35.87 to 80.15%. During the storage period, cv. Morvarid had lower percentage of bulb sprouting and decay than cv. Zargan in all planting arrangements. The results of this research showed that in cv. Morvarid and cv. Zargan, planting arrangements of 15 × 7.5 cm and 15 × 10 cm, respectively, could be recommended to onion producers, because less seedlings are required for transplantation when compared with higher plant densities. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Onion, total yield, marketable yield, bulb sprouting percentage, bulb decay | ||
| مراجع | ||
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