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کمی سازی نقش مدیریت زراعی بر عملکرد دانه سویا در منطقه گرگان در شمال ایران | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 38، شماره 2، تیر 1401، صفحه 239-258 اصل مقاله (1.3 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2023.361468.1301 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| ابوالفضل فرجی* | ||
| مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی نقش عوامل مدیریت مزرعه موثر بر عملکرد دانه سویا و کمی‌سازی روابط بین آنها، 120 مزرعه سویا در منطقه گرگان در سال‌های 1395، 1396 و 1397 که در دامنه متفاوتی از مدیریتهای زراعی کشت شده بودند انتخاب و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه رگرسیونی گام به گام نشان داد از بین متغیرهای مورد بررسی، مدل عملکرد با دو متغیر مستقل انتخاب و تعیین شد. این مدل 81 درصد از کل تغییرات عملکرد دانه را در سطح احتمال یک درصد توجیه کرد. نتایج مدل نشان دهنده اهمیت دو عامل تاریخ کاشت و آبیاری جهت بهبود عملکرد دانه در مزارع سویای منطقه گرگان بود. بین تاخیر در کاشت از اول خرداد با عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه رابطه خطی منفی معنی دار وجود داشت. به طوریکه به ترتیب 64 و 70 درصد تغییرات عملکرد دانه بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه توسط تاخیر در کاشت توجیه شد. شیب کاهش عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه سویا به ازای هر روز تاخیر در کاشت از اول خرداد به ترتیب برابر 130 و 56 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. میانگین عملکرد دانه در مزارع سویای مورد بررسی در شرایط صفر، 1، 2، 3، 4، 5 و 6 نوبت آبیاری به ترتیب برابر با 955، 883، 1066، 1995، 1990، 2665 و 3769 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. در منطقه گرگان کشت سویا عمدتا از اواخر خرداد و بعد از برداشت محصولات پاییزه نظیر گندم و کلزا انجام می شود. در چنین شرایطی، مدیریت زراعی مناسب بویژه تاریخ کاشت وآبیاری بهینه در مراحل حساس رشد محصول برای دستیابی به عملکرد دانه بالا و پایداری تولید این محصول مهم بسیار اهمیت دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سویا؛ مدیریت مزرعه؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ اجزای عملکرد دانه؛ شکاف عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Quantifying the Role of Crop Management Practices on Seed Yield of Soybean in Gorgan Region in the North of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Faraji | ||
| Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To quantify the role of crop management practices on seed yield of soybean in Gorgan, 120 soybean farmers’ fields with different sowing dates and different management practices were randomly selected in Gorgan region in the north of Iran, in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Qualitative information was transformed to quantitative data. By using stepwise regression analysis a seed yield model was selected with two parameters including; delay in sowing date and number of irrigation during soybean growing season. The selected model explained 81% of the variation for seed yield. The model showed the importance of sowing date and irrigation for increasing seed yield of soybean in farmers’ fields in Gorgan region. There was negative significant linear relationship between biological and seed yield with delay in sowing date that explained 64% and 70% of the variation for these two characteristics, respectively. Each day delay in sowing date from May 22, biological and seed yield decreased 130 and 56 kg ha-1, respectively. The mean seed yield of farmers’ fields, with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 irrigation during growing season, was 955, 883, 1066, 1995, 1990, 2665 and 3769 kg ha-1, respectively. In Goragan region, soybean is planted usually from late may following harvest of winter crops such as wheat and canola. Under these environmental conditions, optimum crop management practices are required in soybean farmers’ fields to achieve high seed yield and sustainable production. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soybean, field management, biological yield, seed yield components, yield gap | ||
| مراجع | ||
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