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تحلیلی بر آتش‌سوزی‌های جنگلها و مراتع ایران اهداف، تبعات و راه‌های پیشگیری | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 20، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، اسفند 1401، صفحه 283-288 اصل مقاله (759.48 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.359879.1550 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی علیزاده علی آبادی* 1؛ رضا سیاه منصور2 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش، بخش بیماری‌های گیاهی، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 22- استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لرستان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آتش‌سوزی عرصه‌های طبیعی، هرساله، خسارت‌های زیاد جانی، مالی، زیست‌محیطی و اکوتوریستی به کشورها وارد می‌کند. میانگین سطح حریق سالانۀ در جنگل‌های جهان چهار میلیون کیلومتر مربع تخمین زده شده است. این آتش‌سوزی‌ها به نابودی پوشش گیاهی، گرم شدن کرۀ زمین، آلودگی هوا، نابودی تنوع زیست‌محیطی و تشدید پدیدۀ بیابان‌زایی می انجامد. عوامل مختلف طبیعی و انسانی (تعمدی و غیرتعمدی) در وقوع و گسترش آتش‌سوزی جنگلها و مراتع مؤثر هستند. اکوتروریسم و تروریسم زیست‌محیطی دو رویکرد متداول برای ایجاد آتش‌سوزی‌های تعمدی در منابع طبیعی هستند. یکی از شیوه‌های مهم و نسبتاً جدید تروریسم زیست‌محیطی، پدیدۀ "پایروتروریسم" یا آتش‌سوزی تعمدی خرابکارانه در جنگلها و مراتع است. سادگی، کم‌خطری، هزینۀ اندک مالی و تعداد کم نیروی مورد نیاز، ضعف دولت‌ها در مهار سریع، برد تبلیغاتی بالا و تحمیل خسارت‌های قابل‌توجه، ازجمله جاذبه‌های اینگونه عملیات برای خرابکاران است. به‌منظور به حداقل رساندن خسارت‌های ناشی از آتش‌سوزی‌های طبیعی و تعمدی، اقدامات پدافندی زیر توصیه می‌شود: مجهزتر کردن نهادهای مسئول خاموش‌سازی آتش جنگلها و مراتع به ادوات و امکانات پیشرفته و به‌روز آتش‌نشانی، جلب مشارکت فعال افراد بومی و آموزش آتش‌نشانان، جنگل‌نشینان و مرتع‌داران در امر شناسایی و خاموش‌سازی آتش در جنگلها و مراتع، بهبود شیوه‌های مدیریتی جنگلها و مراتع، رصد اطلاعات دربارۀ تهدیدات و استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین در زمینۀ امنیت و اطفای حریق. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آتش‌سوزی؛ اکوتروریسم؛ تروریسم زیست‌محیطی؛ پایروتروریسم؛ جنگل؛ مرتع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An analysis of the fires in forests and pastures in Iran Goals, consequences and ways of prevention | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi1؛ Reza Siahmansour2 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Plant Pathology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Forests and Range Lands Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, KhorramAbad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Wildfires in natural resources cause huge human, financial, environmental and ecotourism losses to countries every year. The average of annual fire aria in the world's forests is estimated at four million square kilometers. These wildfires lead to the destruction of vegetation, global warming, air pollution, destruction of environmental diversity, and intensifying the phenomenon of desertification. Various natural and human factors (intentional and non-intentional) are effective in the occurrence and spread of fires in the forests and pastures. Ecoterrorism and environmental terrorism are two common approaches for intentional arson attacks in natural resources. One of the important and relatively new act of environmental terrorism is the phenomenon of pyroterrorism or deliberate destructive fires in forests and pastures. Simplicity, low risk, low financial cost and small number of required actors, weakness of governments in quick containment, high advertising range and inflicting significant damages are among the attractions of such operations for saboteurs. In order to minimize the damage caused by natural and intentional fires, the following defense measures are recommended: equipping the institutions responsible for extinguishing forest and pasture fires with advanced and up-to-date firefighting equipment and facilities, attracting the active participation of local people and training firefighters. Forest dwellers and pastoralists in identifying and extinguishing fires in forests and pastures, improving management practices of forests and pastures, monitoring information about threats and using new technologies in the field of security and fire extinguishing. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Fire, Ecoterrorism, Environmental terrorism, Pyroterrorism, Forest, Pasture | ||
| مراجع | ||
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