| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,196 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,423 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 52,257,279 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,785,996 |
بررسی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات ریشه ای ارقام مختلف گندم دوروم تحت کاریرد کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 132، آبان 1400، صفحه 68-43 اصل مقاله (854.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.342492.1496 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هوشنگ ناصری راد* 1؛ رحیم ناصری2؛ امیر میرزایی3؛ بتول زارعی4 | ||
| 1گروه علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، | ||
| 4دکتری مهندسی ژنتیک، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و کود فسفر بر کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی فسفره و صفات عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی مزرعهای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله( ایلام) در سال زراعی 98-1397 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار رقم گندم (دهدشت، ذهاب، ساورز و ساجی) و پنج سطح منبع کودی (عدم مصرف منبع کودی، 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا و ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر برهمکنش رقم× منابع کودی بر ارتفاع بوته، وزن سنبله، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک گندم معنیدار بود، بیشترین طول ریشه (76 سانتیمتر)، ارتفاع بوته (108 سانتیمتر) و تعداد سنبلچه (16 سنبلچه) در رقم ساورز و همچنین بیشترین وزن سنبله (7/3 گرم)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (41 دانه)، وزن هزار دانه (42 گرم)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (9616 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد دانه (4238 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، و کارایی مصرف آب (7/4 کیلوگرم بر میلیمتر) در رقم ساجی و از تیمار تلفیق مایکوریزا به همراه 25 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار به دست آمد. همچنین کمترین میزان این صفات از رقم دهدشت در تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف منبع کودی) حاصل شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که استفاده از رقم ساجی همراه با ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر در مقایسه با سایر ارقام گندم دیم مقاومت بیشتری نشان داده و باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| حجم ریشه؛ شاخص برداشت؛ طول ریشه؛ کارایی مصرف آب و محتوای آب نسبی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi on yield and yield components of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) under rainfed condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Houshang Naseri rad1؛ Rahim Naseri2؛ Amir Mirzaei3؛ Batool Zarei4 | ||
| 1Faculty member, Department of Agriculture, Pyame Noor University , Tehran, IRAN | ||
| 2Department of Plant Production Technology, Dehloran Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 33. Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam,Iran. | ||
| 44. Ph.D in Genetic engineering, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: wheat is the most important crop in the world that human consumes 90% of its products directly. In Iran, wheat is the main crop grown in both irrigated and rainfed forms. According to available statistics, the average area under wheat cultivation is 6 million hectares, of which 3.8 million hectares have been allocated to dry lands. In these lands, water scarcity is the most important factor in reducing wheat yield. On the other hand, the use of chemical fertilizers in such areas to provide the nutrients needed by plants always causes environmental destructive effects. Therefore, it is necessary to study and apply renewable resources and inputs that maximize crop productivity and reduce environmental hazards. Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is one of the beneficial microorganisms that are able to activate symbiotic relationships with the majority of land plants. AM symbiosis has a positive influence on plant growth, which is mainly attributable to the ability of AM fungi to take up from the soil both water and nutrients especially phosphorous (P), and to a lesser extent nitrogen (N) and deliver them to the roots of its host, and also to enhance the health of its host by protecting it from pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphorous chemical fertilizer and symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi on yield and yield components of different cultivars of durum wheat under rainfed conditions of Ilam. Materials and methods: This experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agricultural Research station (33° 45´ N latitude, 34° 46´ E longitude, and around 975 m above sea level) during growing season 2018-2019. Experiment factors consisted of four cultivars of durum wheat (Dehdasht, Zahab, Savarz and Saji) and five levels of fertilizer source (control, 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 P, mycorrhizal fungi (GM), mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P). Studied traits were plant height, spike length, spike weight, spikes.m-2, no. of spikelet per spike, no. of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were performed using SAS version 9.1. Results and discussion: The results indicated that the simple effect of fertilizer sources on all of traits including plant height, spike length, spike weight, spikes.m-2, no. of spikelet per spike, no. of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index was significantly. So that, treatment of mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P had the highest influence at increasing studied traits among other treatments. The results also showed that Saji and Zahab cultivars showed more resistance to drought stress than other cultivars and had the better yield. The interaction effect of cultivars and fertilizer sources revealed that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest yield of durum wheat with 4238 kg.ha-1 was obtained at Saji cultivar along with application of mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P. Generally, it is concluded that application of mycorrhizal and phosphorous fertilizer increased yield and yield components due to their roles in root growth and phosphorous uptake. Conclusions: The use of biofertilizer technology is especially important for the management of soil phosphorous in soils with a lack of phosphorous and soil moisture. The results of this study showed that in rainfed cultivation, the use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi can have a positive effect on increasing the yield of durum wheat due to their role in increasing the plant root system and thus more water absorption and nutrients. However, the results of this study clearly indicated that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest of spike weight, no. of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biomass yield obtained at Saji cultivar along with application of mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P and the lowest value these traits recorded in Savarz cultivar along with control treatment. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Biological fertilizer, Biological yield, Grain yield, Harvest index, Spike traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alimadadi, A., Jahansouz, M.R., Besharaty, H., and Tavakkol-Afshari, R. 2011. Evaluating the effects of biofertilizers and seed priming on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed quality. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 24: 156-167. (In Persian with English Summary). Al-Karaki, G.N., and Al-Raddad, A. 1997. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress on growth and nutrient uptake of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Mycorrhiza, 7: 83-88. Al-Karaki, G., Michael, M.C., and John Zak, B. 2004. Field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. Mycorrhiza, 14: 263-269. Ardakani, M.R., Majd, F., and Noormohammadi, G. 2006. Evaluating the efficiency of mycorrhizal and esterpetomysis in phosphorous different levels and effect of their utilize on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences, 2(2): 17-27. (In Persian with English Summary). Asrar, A.A., Abdel-Fattah, G.M., and Elhindi K.M. 2012. Improving growth, flower yield, and water relations of snapdragon (Antirhinum majus L.) plants grown under well-watered and water stress conditions using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Photosynthetica, 50 (2):305–316. Augé, R.M., Stodola, A.J.W., and Tims, J.E. 2001.Moisture retention properties of a mycorrhizal soil. Plant Soil, 230:87–97. Bahrani, A., Pourreza, J., and Haghjoo, M. 2010. Response of winter wheat to co-inoculation with azotobacter and arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different sources of nitrogen fertilizer. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environment Science, 8(1): 95-103. Bedini, S., Pellegrino, E., Avio, L., Pellegrini, S., Bazzoffi, P., Argese, E., and Giovannetti, M. 2009. Changes in soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein content as affected by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41: 1491-1496. Chaurasia, B., and Khare, P.K. 2005. Hordeum vulgare: A suitable substrate for mass Eshghizadeh, H.R., Kafi, M., Nazami, A., and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. 2012. Studies on the role of root morphology attribution in salt tolerance of blue-pani grass (Panicum antidotale Retz.) using artificial neural networks (ANN). Research on Crops, 13 (2): 534-544. Espidkar, Z., Yarnia, M., Ansari, M., Mirshekari, B., and Asadi Rahmani, H. 2016. Effect of mycorrhiza fungi on ecophysiological characteristics of barley cultivars in response to inoculation with different strains of Pseudomonas fluorescence under rain fed conditions. Crop Physiology Journal, 30 (8): 38-21. (In Persian with English Summary). Evelin, H., Kapoor, R., and Giri, B. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Annals of Botany, 104: 1263–1280. Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Warraich, E.A., and Khaliq, A. 2006. Optimization of Fileccia, V., Ruisi, P., Ingraffia, R., Giambalvo, D., Frenda, A.S., and Martinelli, F. 2017. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis mitigates the negative effects of salinity on durum wheat. PloS one, 12: 158-184. Ghasemi, M., and Zahedi, M. 2018. Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the response of some sorghum genotypes to salinity. Plant Process and Function, 7(24): 121-138. Ghazi, A.K., and Zak, B.M. 2003. Field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. Mycorrhiza, 14: 263-269. Ghorbani, M.H., and Kamkar, B. 2010. Effect of row spacing and plant density on soil moisture, dry matter production, yield and water use efficiency in wheat in rainfed condition. Journal of Plant Production, 17 (3): 1-19. Habibzadeh, Y., Zardoshti, M.R., Pirzad, A., and Jalilian, J. 2013. Effects of mycorrhizal arboscular on grain yield and yield component of Mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczk] under water deficit stress. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 100, 38-47. (In Persian with English Summary). Hamzei, J., and Sadeghi Meabadi, F. 2014. The effect of irrigation intervals and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on chlorophyll index, yield and yield components of grain sorghum. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 4(12): 211-221. [In Persian with English Summary]. Heydari, A., Nasri, M., and Ghoshchi, F. 2014. The study of Symbiotic of mycorrhizae and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn in Robat karim region. Agronomic Research in Semi Desert Regions, 11: 161-170. (In Persian). Jahan, M., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2012. Soil fertility and biofertilizers. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. 250p. (In Persian with English Summary). Khaloq, A., and Sanders, F. 2000. Effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth phosphorus nutrition of barley in natural or methyl bromide- treated. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32: 1961-1996. Khalvati, M.A., Mzafar, A., and Schmidhalter, U. 2005. Quantification of water uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal hypha and its signification for leaf growth, water relations and gas exchange of barley subjected to drought stress. Plant Biology Stuttgart, 7(6): 706-712. Khazaei, H.R., Riahinia, S.H., and Eshghizadeh, H.R. 2014. Effect of water stress on root distribution and extension of different triticale genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (3): 417-426. (In Persian with English Summary). Lazarević, B., Lošák, T., and Manschadi, A.M. 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizae modify winter wheat root morphology and alleviate phosphorus deficit stress. Plant Soil Environment, 64: 47–52. McGonigle, T.P., and Miller, M.H. 1999. Winter survival of extraradical hyphae and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the field. Applied Soil Ecology, 12: 41-50. Mehraban, A., Moussavi Nik, S.M., and Tavassoli, A. 2012. The effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) on yield and yield components of threesorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 6: 265-278. (In Persian with English Summary). Miller, M. H. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and the phosphorus nutrition of maize: A review of Guelph studies. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences, 80: 47-52. Ministry of Agriculture- Jahad. Agricultural statistic. 2016-17. Naseri, R., Barary, M., Zarea, M., Khavazi, K., and Tahmasebi, Z. 2017. Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of wheat under dryland conditions. Journal of Soil Biology, 5 (1): 49-66. (In Persian with English Summary). Naseri, R., Barary, M., Zarea, M.J., Khavazi, K., and Tahmasebi, Z. 2019. Evaluation of root and grain yield of wheat cultivars affected by phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi under dry land conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 17: 83-98. (In Persian with English Summary). Naveed, M., Baqir Hussain, M., Zahir, Z.A., Mitter, B., and Sessitsch, A. 2014. Drought stress amelioration in wheat through inoculation with Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN. Plant Growth Regulation, 73:121–131. Pamella, A., and Steven, C.S. 2002. Inorganic phosphate solubilization by rhizospher in a Zostera marin community. Canadian Journal of Micro biology, 28: 605-610. Pellegrino, E., Öpik, M., Bonari, E., and Ercoli, L. 2015. Responses of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: A meta-analysis of field studies from 1975 to 2013. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 84: 210-217. Perry, T.W., Rhykerd, C.L., Holt, D.A., and Mayo, H.H. 2011. Effect of potassium fertilization on chemical characteristics, yield and nutritive value of corn silage. Journal of Animal Science, 34: 642-646. Poor Mousavi, S.M., Galavi, M., Daneshiyan, J., Ghanbari, A., Basirani, N., and Jonoobi, P. 2009. Effect of animal manure application on quantitative and qualitative yield of soybean in drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 40 (1): 133-145. (In Persian with English Summary). Pourrafezi, A., and Afkari, A. 2017. The effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer application on some corn quantitative and qualitative traits under drought stress. Agroecology Journal, 13: 39-48. (In Persian with English Summary). Rezaei Chiyaneh, E., Khorramdel, S., Movludi, A., and Rahimi, A. 2017. Effects of nano chelated zinc and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on some agronomic and physiological characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 15: 168-184. (In Persian with English Summary). Rillig, M.C., and Mummey, D.L. 2006. Mycorrhizas and soil structure. New Phycologist, 171: 41-53. Sakamoto, K., and Kaji, T. 2017. Estimation of the root colonization of soybean by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora rosea, based on specific fatty acid profiles. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 63 (6): 536-542. Sandhya, V., Ali, S.Z., Grover, M., Reddy, G., and Venkateswarlu, B. 2010. Effect of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. On compatible solutes, antioxidant status and plant growth of maize under drought stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 62: 21–30. Serraj, R., Krishnamurty, L., Kashiwagi, J., Kumar, J.K., Chandra, S., and Crouch, J.H. 2004. Variation in root traits of chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.) grown under terminal drought. Field Crops Research, 88: 115-127. Sharma, H., Bhandawat, A., Kumar, P., Rahim, M.S., Parveen, A., Kumar, P., Madhawan, A., Rishi, V., and Roy, J. 2020. Development and characterization of bZIP transcription factor based SSRs in wheat. Gene, 756: 144912. Sharma, R.A., and Parma, B.B. 2004. Influence of biofertilizers and indigenous sources of nutrients on nutrient uptake and productivity of rain fed barley. Crop Research Hisar, 13: 11-18. Soomro, M., Markhand, H., and Soomro, B.A. 2011. Screening Pakistani cotton for drought tolerance. Pakistan journal of botany, 44 (1): 383-388. Sun, Y. Y., Wang, X. L., Wang, N., Chen, Y. L., and Zhang, S. Q. 2014. Changes in the yield and associated photosynthetic traits of dry-land winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province of China. Field Crops Research, 167, 1–10. Sylvia, D.M., Hammond, L.C., Bennett, J.M., Haas, J.H., and Linda, S.B. 1993. Field response of maize to a VAM fungus and water management. Agronomy Journal, 85: 193-198. Treseder, K. 2013. The extent of mycorrhizal colonization of roots and its influence on plant growth and phosphorus content. Plant Soil, 371: 1–13. Vosnjak, M., Likar, M., and Osterc, G. 2021. The Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculum and Phosphorus Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) Plant. Horticulturae, 7: 1-12. Watts-Williams, S.J., Patti, A.F., and Cavagnaro, T.R. 2013. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are beneficial under both deficient and toxic soil zinc conditions. Plant Soil, 371: 299–312. Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M., Pirdashti, H., and Esmaili, M.A. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms (PSM) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.). World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 37: 90-92. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,018 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 858 |
||