1محقق بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان
2استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه خوارزمی
3استادیار بخش تحقیقات جنگلها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج
4محقق بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج
چکیده
موضوعات مطرح شده در زمینه ویژگی‌ها و کارکردهای مزارع خرد در سطح بینالمللی و منطقه‌ای شاهد تغییر در نحوه نگرش به کشاورزی خرد و خانوارهای دهقانی است، به دیگر سخن، مزارع خرد به جای اینکه به عنوان یکی از عوامل فقر و گرسنگی در نظر گرفته شود به راه‌حل محوری آن تبدیل شده است . با این حال، کشاورزی خرد با چالش‌های روز افزون متعددی همچون گسترش تعاملات و رقابت اقتصادی، اقتصاد بازار و کشاورزی تقاضامحور، و قیمت جهانی پایین‌تر محصولات تولید شده در مزارع بزرگ مقیاس، مواجه میباشد و آینده آن موضوع مورد بحث مجامع علمی و سیاستگذاری در جهان است. از سویی، موافقان کشاورزی خرد بر کارکردهای آن از لحاظ امنیت غذایی، بهرهوری تولید، مقابله با فقر، تنوع بخشی به مزارع، و منافع محیطزیستی و اجتماعی و فرهنگی تاکید می‌کنند که در این مقاله مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. رفع تحریفات سیاستی ضد کشاورزی خرد، به رسمیت شناسی اجتماعی این نوع کشاورزی، توسعه راهبرد بازار، تشویق کشاورزی پاره وقت، پرداخت به ازای دریافت خدمات اکوسیستم و ارائه خدمات عمومی محلی به کشاورزان از جمله مواردی است که در زمینه ترویج و ابقای کشاورزی خردهپا پیشنهاد شده است.
1Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research
and Education Center,
2Assistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, Kharazmi University
3Assistant Professor of Forestry, Rangeland and Watershed Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
4Researcher of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Rasht,Iran.
چکیده [English]
The debate over small farm agriculture at both international and regional levels is witnessing a shift in attitude toward smallholder farming and peasant households; indeed, the new approach considers small farms as a major solution to poverty and hunger rather than their cause. However, small-scale agriculture is facing such escalating challenges as expanding economic interactions and competitions, market economy, demand-driven agriculture, and lower global prices of large-scale farm products so that its future has become a topic of much discussion among the global academic and policy-making circles. Advocates of small-scale agriculture, in contrast, argue for its functions in and positive impacts on food security, production efficiency, income promotion, and poverty alleviation as well as its environmental, social, and cultural benefits. The present paper will scrutinize each of these aspects. Among the measures proposed for promoting and re-establishing small-scale farming are included explication of distorted and ostensible policies raised against small-scale agriculture, social recognition of the practice, development of a market strategy for this type of farming, promotion of part-time farming, formulation of a remuneration system for ecosystem services, and provision of local public services supplied to such farmers.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Small-scale agriculture, family farming, small farms
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