| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,219 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,690 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,561,563 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,841,814 |
واکاوی علائم تخریب مراتع از دیدگاه گله داران روستایی وعشایری مراتع قشلاقی شمال شرق استان گلستان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 27، شماره 4، دی 1399، صفحه 763-771 اصل مقاله (705.07 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2020.123151 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا شهرکی1؛ خدیجه مهدوی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان و کارشناس اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نور. مازندران، ایران، و استادیار گروه پژوهشی کشاورزی و صنایع تبدیلی مرکز تحقیقات کنترل کیفیت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نور. مازندران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| عوامل متعددی باعث تغییرات منفی در وضعیت کیفی و کمی مراتع میگردد که منجر به به سیر نزولی و تخریب شدید خاک، پوششگیاهی و در نهایت کاهش درآمد بهرهبرداران میگردند. دامداران و گلهداران به دلیل وابستگی معیشتی به مرتع، دارای تجربۀ بومی مدیریتی در این زمینه هستند. تحقیق حاضر نیز با هدف واکاوی شاخصهای مؤثر در روند نزولی مراتع از دیدگاه گلهداران مراتع قشلاقی شمال شرقی استان گلستان انجام شده است. این تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و به صورت پیمایشی، با روش نمونهگیری طبقهبندی شده تصادفی در بین گلهداران منطقه مورد مطالعه صورت گرفت. جهت جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. روایی ابزار تحقیق با استفاده از دیدگاه متخصصان و پایایی آن بر اساس نتایج ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای متغیرهای اصلی تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق را 461 نفر از گلهداران در دو نظام بهرهبرداری روستایی و عشایری تشکیل داده که 182 نفر از آنها از طریق فرمول کوکران به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، گرایش نزولی مراتع توسط گلهداران بیشتر با شاخصهای دامی نسبت به شاخصهای پوشش گیاهی و خاکی، تشخیص داده میشود. بر اساس یافتۀ تحقیق، بین متغیرهای سن و سابقۀ دامداری گلهداران با دیدگاه آنها نسبت به تشخیص گرایش نزولی مراتع در سطح 99 و 95 درصد اطمینان رابطۀ مثبت و معنیداری وجود داشته است. همچنین نتایج به دست آمده از مقایسه دیدگاه گلهداران در دو نظام روستایی وعشایری نشان داد که، گلهداران عشایری نسبت به گلهداران روستایی نسبت به شاخصهای روند نزولی مراتع آشنایی بیشتری داشتهاند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مرتع؛ تخریب؛ گلهدار؛ عشایر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of rangeland destruction symbols from the viewpoint of rural and nomadic stakeholders in Northeast Golestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammadreza Shahraki1؛ Khadijeh Mahdavi2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan and MS.C Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management Golestan Province, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant of Department of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Nour branch, Mazandarzn. Iran and Assistant of Agricultural and Transformation Industries Research Group, Quality Control Research Center, Islamic Azad University, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A number of factors cause negative changes in the quality and quantity of rangelands, which leads to downward sloping and severe soil degradation, vegetation cover, and ultimately decrease the income of stakeholders. Stakeholders and ranchers have an indigenous managerial experience at their rangelands because of their dependence on rangelands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective indices of rangelands downstream from the viewpoint of stakeholders in northeastern Golestan province. This research was a descriptive- applied one in terms of purpose, and it was surveyed by random stratified sampling method among the stakeholders in the study area. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the research instrument was evaluated using the experts' viewpoints and its reliability was evaluated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the main variables of the study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 461 stakeholders in two rural and nomadic farming systems that 182 of them were selected by Cochran formula as sample size. The results showed that the downward trend of rangelands is more often detected by stakeholders with livestock indices than by vegetation and soil indices. According to the findings of the study, there was a positive and significant relationship between age and past livestock variables with stakeholder's view of rangeland's downward signs at 99 and 95% confidence level. According to the research findings, there was a positive and significant relationship between age variables and stakeholder's pastoral background with their view of detecting the downward trend of rangelands at 99 and 95% confidence level. Also, the results obtained from comparing the stakeholder's views in the two rural and nomadic systems showed that the nomadic stakeholder were more familiar with the indicators of the downward trend of the rangelands to rural stakeholder. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Rangeland, Destruction, Stakeholder, Nomadism | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abate, T., Ebro, A., and Nigatu, L., 2010. Traditional rangeland resource utilisation practices and pastoralists’ perceptions on land degradation in south-east Ethiopia, Tropical Grasslands, 44: 202–212. - Ahmadi, A. 2019. The effect of grazing management on rangelands protection, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 10(4): 479-489. - Ayana, A., and Fekadu, B., 2003. Current range condition in southern Ethiopia in relation to traditional management strategies: the perceptions of Borana pastoralists, Tropical Grasslands, 37: 53-59. - Behmanesh, B., Barani, B., Ownegh, M., Mohammad-Esmaeili, M., and Abedi-Sarvestani, A. 2013. Investigating biophysical indicators of land degradation: interpreting two points of view of rangeland ecological specialists and pastoralists. J. of Soil Management and Sustainable - Beyene, S.T., Mlisa, L., and Gxasheka, M., 2014. Local perceptions of livestock husbandry and rangeland degradation in the highlands of South Africa:implication for development interventions, J Hum Ecol, 47(3):257-268. - Bouzarjamheri, Kh. 2003. The place of indigenous knowledge in sustainable rural development. Journal of Geography and Development. 1(2):5-20. - Davis, D.K., 2005. Indigenous knowledge and thedesertification debate: problematising expert knowledge in North Africa, Geoforum, 36:509-524. - Dejene, A., Shishira, E.K., Yanda, P.Z., and Johnsen, F.H., 1997. Land degradation: perception from the village, World Bank, Wahington,D.C. - Department of natural resources and watershed management Golestan province. 2013. Rangeland plans of Gonbadkavus county, Rangeland department. - Dong, S., Lassoie, J. P., Wen, L., Zhu, L., Li, X., Li, J., and Li, Y. 2012. Degradation of rangeland ecosystems in the developing world: tragedy of breaking coupled human–natural systems. International Journal of Sustainable Society 4, 357–371. - Drechsel P, Gyiele L, Kunze D, Cofie O. 2001. Population density, soil nutrient depletion and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.Ecological Economics 38: 251–258. - Ellis, J.E., and Swift, D.M., 1988. Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications for development, Journal of Range Management, 41:450-459. - Emadi, M.H and Amiri, M. 2002. Integration of indigenous knowledge and formal knowledge; a necessity in achieving sustainable agricultural development. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development. 10(37): 11-36. - Fernandez-Gimenez, M.E., 2000. The role of mongolian nomadic pastoralists’ ecological knowledge in rangeland management, Ecological Applications, 10:1318-1326. - Forsyth T. 1996. Science, myth and knowledge: Testing Himalayan environmental degradation in Thailand. Geoforum 27: 375–392. - Gebreyowhans, S., 2015. Community perception on rangeland degradation: a case study in two differently settled areas of northern Ethiopia, Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 5(1):101-107. - Guevara-Hernández, F., Pinto, R., Rodríguez, L.A., Gómez, H., Ortiz, R., Ibrahim, M., and Cruz, G., 2011. Local perceptions of degradation in rangelands from a livestock farming community in Chiapas, Mexico, Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 45(3): 311- 319. Hajishafi, SH.N. and Razaghi, M.H. 2009. Investigating the viewpoints of semnan province rangers on appropriate extension methods in preventing rangeland damage. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Economics. 2(2): 25-38. - Harris, R. B. (2010). Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: a review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes. Journal of Arid Environments 74, 1–12. - Kessler, C.A., and Stroosnijder, L., 2006. Land degradation assessment by farmers in Bolivian mountain valleys, Land Degradation & Development, 17:235-248. - Khorshidi, M., Ansari, N. 2019. Assessment of tribes and rural knowledge about natural resources degradation in Bazoft region, Charmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 10(1): 95-110 - Khosravi, SH. and Abed-Saeedi, ZH. 2011. Focus group, a data gathering method. IJN., 23 (68):19-30. - Khosravi Mashizi, A., and Sharafatmanrad, M. 2019. Assessment of road impact on health index of steppe and semi-steppe rangelands, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 26(4): 1020-1031. - Khwarae, G.M., 2006. Community perceptions of rangeland degradation and management systems in Loologane and Shadishadi, Kweneng North, Botswana, Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric) Norwegian University of Life SciencesUniversitetet for Miljø- og biovitenskap (UMB):1- 51. - Kiage, L.M., 2013. Perspectives on the assumed causes of land degradation in the rangelands of Sub-Saharan Africa, Progress in Physical Geography, 37:664-684. - Macharia, P.N., 2004. Community based interventions as a strategy to combat desertification in the arid and semi-arid rangelands of Kajiado district, Kenya, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 99:141-147. - Mairura, F.S., Mugendi, D.N., Mwanje, J.I., Ramisch, J.J., Mbugua, P.K., and Chiang, J.N., 2007. Integrating scientific and farmers’ evaluation of soil quality indicators in Central Kenya, Geoderma, 139:134-143. - Maitima, J.M., Mugatha, S.M., Reid, R.S., Gachimbi, L.N., Majule, A., Lyaruu, H., Pomery, D., Mathai, S., and Mugisha, S., 2009. The linkages between land use change, land degradation and biodiversity across East Africa, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3(10): 310- 325. - Malley, Z.J.U., Semoka, J., Kamasho, J.A., and Kabungo, C.V., 2006. Participatory assessment of soil degradation in the uplands of southwestern Tanzania: implications for sustainable agriculture and rural livelihoods, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 13:183-197. - Mapinduzi, A.L., Oba, G., Weladji, R.B., and Colman, J., 2003. Use of indigenous ecological knowledge of the Maasai pastoralists for assessing rangeland biodiversity in Tanzania, African Journal of Ecology, 41: 329-336. - Milton, S. J., Dean, W. R. J., Plessis, M. A. D., and Siegfried, W. R. (1994). Aconceptual model of arid rangeland degradation. Bioscience 44, 70–76. - Moges, A., and Holden, N.M., 2007. Farmers’ perceptions of soil erosion and soil fertility loss in Southern Ethiopia, Land Degradation & Development, 18:543-554. - Oba, G., and Kaitira, L.M., 2006. Herder knowledge of landscape assessments in arid rangelands in northern Tanzania, Journal of Arid Environments, 66:168-186. - Oberthur, T., Barrios, E., Cook, S., Usma, H., and Escobar, G., 2004. Increasing the relevance of scientific information in hillside environments through understanding of local soil management in a small watershed of the Colombian Andes, Soil Use and Management, 20:23-31. - Okoba, B.O., and Sterk, G., 2006. Farmers’ identification of erosion indicators and related erosion damage in the central highlands of Kenya, Catena, 65:292-301. - Pulido, J., and Bocco, G., 2014. Local perception of land degradation in developing countries: a simplified analytical framework of driving forces, processes, indicators and coping strategies, Living Rev. Landscape Res., 8(4):1-21. - Reed, M.S., and Dougill, A.J., 2002. Participatory selection process for indicators of rangeland condition in the Kalahari, The Geographical Journal, 168(3):1-12. - Reed, M.S., Dougill, A.J., and Taylor, M.J., 2007. Integrating local and scientific knowledge for adaptation to land degradation: Kalahari rangeland management options, Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 10 - Roba, H.G., and Oba, G., 2009. Community participatory landscape classification and biodiversity assessment and monitoring of grazing lands in northern Kenya, Journal of Environmental Management, 90:673-682. - Roba, H.G., and Oba, G., 2009. Efficacy of integrating herder knowledge and ecological methods for monitoring rangeland degradation in Northern Kenya, Human Ecology, 37:588-612. - Saad, A.M.A., Shariff, N.M., and Gairola, S., 2011. Nature and causes of land degradation and desertification in Libya: need for sustainable land management, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(63):680-687. - Sankhayan, P.L., Gurung, N., Sit/uala, B.K., and Hofstad, O., 2003. Bio-economic modeling of land use and forest degradation at watershed level in Nepal, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 94:105–116. - Shahraki, M.R and Barani, H. 2012. Investigation and ranking of factors affecting rangeland damage in Golestan Province. Journal of Conservation and Exploitation of Natural Resources. 1(3): 59-78. - Tang, L., Dong, S., Sherman, R., Liu, S., Liu, Q., Wang, X., Su, X., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, C., and Wu, X., 2015. Changes in vegetation composition and plant diversity with rangeland degradation in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, The Rangeland Journal, 37(1): 107-115. Turner, N.J., Ignace, B., and Ignace, R., 2000. Traditional ecological knowledge and wisdom of aboriginal peoples in British Columbia, Ecological Applications, 10: 1275-1287. -Wang, X., Dong, S., Sherman, R., Liu, Q., Liu, S., Li, Y., and Wu, Y. 2015. A comparison of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships in alpine grasslands across a degradation gradient on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau, The Rangeland Journal, 37(1): 45-55. - Warren, A., Osbahr, H., Batterbury, S., and Chappell, A., 2003. Indigenous views of soil erosion at Fandou Beri, southwestern Niger, Geoderma, 111:439-456. - Waudby, H.P., Petit, S., and Robinson, G., 2013. Pastoralists’ knowledge of plant palatability and grazing indicators in an arid region of South Australia, The Rangeland Journal, 35(4):445-454. - Wu, R., Chai, Q., Zhang, J., Zhong, M., Liu, Y., Wei, X., Pan, D., and Shao, X., 2015. Impacts of burrows and mounds formed by plateau rodents on plant species diversity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, The Rangeland Journal, 37(1):117-123. - Yan, Z., Ning, W., Dorji, Y., and Jia, R. (2005). A review of rangeland privatisation and its implications in the Tibetan Plateau, China. Nomadic Peoples 9, 31–51. - Zaal F, Oostendorp RH. 2002. Explaining a miracle: Intensification and the transition towards sustainable small-scale agriculture in dryland Machakos and Kitui Districts, Kenya. World Development 30: 1271–1287. - Zhang, W.N., Ganjurjav, H., Liang, Y., Gao, Q.Z., Wan, Y.F., Li, Y., Baima, Y.Z., and Xirao, Z.M., 2015. Effect of a grazing ban on restoring the degraded alpine meadows of Northern Tibet, China, The Rangeland Journal, 37(1): 89-95. - Zhao, H., Liu, S., Dong, S., Su, X., Wang, X., Wu, X., Wu, L., and Zhang, X., 2015. Analysis of vegetation change associated with human disturbance using MODIS data on the rangelands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, The Rangeland Journal, 37(1):77-87. - Zhou, H., Zhao, X., Tang, Y., Gu, S., and Zhou, L. (2005). Alpine grassland degradation and its control in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, China. Grassland Science 51, 191–203. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 665 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 549 |
||