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مروری برکاربرد و کارآیی کنه شکارگر Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. در ایران | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 13، شهریور 1398، صفحه 111-126 اصل مقاله (342.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2019.121676 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مسعود اربابی* | ||
| مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| از زمان معرفی کنه شکارگر Phytoseiulus persimilis در سال 1367 برای کنترل بیولوژیک کنههای تارتن در ایران بیش از سه دهه میگذرد. اولین رهاسازی این شکارگر علیه کنه تارتن ترکستانی روی بوتههای پنبه و سویا در استان گلستان، روی ماش و بادمجان در منطقه منوجان جیرفت با کنترل کنه آفت همراه شد. عملکرد این شکارگر علیه کنه تارتن دو نقطهای مزارع لوبیا به علت رطوبت کم و دمای زیاد در استانهای مرکزی و چهارمحال بختیاری موفق نبود. بکارگیری نسبت رهاسازی 1 شکارگر به 10 کنه طعمه در شرایط میانگین دمای کمتر از 25 درجه سلسیوس از اسفند تا اوائل اردیبهشت باعث کنترل کنه تارتن خیارگلخانهای در ورامین شد. رهاسازی همزمان این شکارگر با کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus californicus در شروع آلودگی کنههای تارتن در بوتههای خیار گلخانهای و با تأمین رطوبت نسبی بیش از 50 درصد طی ماههای گرم بهار وتابستان کنترل مطلوب کنه آفت در دوره برداشت خیار ایجاد شد. رهاسازی شکارگر برای کنترل کنه تارتن دونقطهای توتفرنگی گلخانهای به علت پرزهای زیاد برگ شرایط را برای دستیابی شکارگر به کنه طعمه درمنطقه هشتگرد فراهم نساخت. رهاسازی شکارگر در شروع آلودگی کنههای تارتن روی رز و میخک گلخانهای در اصفهان و محلات کاملاً مؤثر بود. مطالعه برخی کنهکشهای آلی وگیاهی کمخطر برای فعالیت شکارگر و مناسب برای مبارزه تلفیقی نیز انجام شده است. پرورش انبوه این شکارگر روی بوتههای لوبیا آلوده به کنه تارتن موفقیتآمیز بوده و هزینه تولید در مقایسه با واردات شکارگر حدود 20 درصد کاهش مییابد. ضمن این که شرایط تولید خیار گلخانهای عاری ازکنهکش را نیز فراهم مینماید. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| کنه شکارگر؛ کنه تارتن؛ کنترل بیولوژیک؛ ایران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Review of effectiveness and use of Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. in three decades in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Masoud Arbabi | ||
| Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural, Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| It has been three decades since the introducing of Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. from the Netherland to Iran in 1987 for biological control of spider mites. First mass releasing predatory mite evaluated on Tetranychus turkestani of cotton and soybean plants in Golestan province, mungbean and eggplants in Manojhan in the southern part of Kerman province with satisfactory results. P. persimilis released on bean plant infested by Tetranychus urticae in Markazi and Charmahal–Baghtiari provinces failed due to higher temperature and lower relative humidity. Releasing one predatory mite to 10 spider mites in greenhouse cucumber under the mean of 25°C during middle March to the early month of May provided biological control in Varamin region. Both P. persimilis and Nesoseiulus californicus releasing at lower spider mites incidence in greenhouse cucumber and providing more than 50% humidity during hot spring and summer months led to biological control during the harvesting period. Greenhouse strawberry spider mites control by predator failed in Hashtgerd region due to the underside of leaf contained higher trichoms density. While greenhouse carnation and roses plant infested by spider mites controlled by this predatory mite effectively in Mahalat and Esfahan region, respectively. Studies side effects of synthetic and botanical acaricides on this predator mite revealed that few are less hazardous and can be applied for integrated management. Cost of mass rearing of P. persimilis on infested bean plants by spider mites can save expenses up to 80% as compared to imported and greenhouse cucumber production free from hazardous acaricide became available. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Phytoseiulus persimilis, biological control, spider mite, Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
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