| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,219 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,690 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,572,950 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,852,710 |
اثر گیاهان پوششی بر کنترل علفهایهرز و عملکرد دانه ذرت در شرایط خاکورزی حفاظتی | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 2، آذر 1398، صفحه 65-77 اصل مقاله (597.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2019.1502.06 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پرویز شریفی زیوه* 1؛ احمد توبه2؛ عبدالقیوم قلی پوری3؛ محمدتقی آل ابراهیم2؛ بتول صمدانی4 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی مغان و دانشجوی دکتری | ||
| 2دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 3دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 4استادیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کاشت گیاهان پوششی قبل از گیاه اصلی همراه با خاکورزی حفاظتی، یکی از روشهای موثر در کنترل علفهایهرز و رسیدن به کشاورزی پایدار است. به این منظور، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 95-1394، با انتخاب شش تیمار جو پاییزه (Hordeum vulgare)، چاودار پاییزه (Secale cereal)، کلزا (Brassica napus)، ماشک گلخوشهای (Vicia villosa)، شبدر کریمسون (Trifolium incarnatum) و تیمار شاهد در یک سیستم بیخاکورزی در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. اثر تیمارها بر تراکم کل علفهایهرز، معنیدار بود. کاهش تراکم کل علفهایهرز زمستانه و بهاره در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار پاییزه، کلزا، ماشک گلخوشهای و شبدر لاکی، به ترتیب 5/83، 25/77، 25/66، 51 و 25/26 درصد نسبت به شاهد به دست آمد. کاهش تراکم علفهایهرز با افزایش میزان پوشش سطح خاک و زیستتوده توسط گیاهان پوششی همراه بود. بیشترین زیستتوده، به ترتیب در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار پاییزه، کلزا، ماشکگل خوشهای و شبدر لاکی به دست آمد. اثر گیاهان پوششی بر عملکرد دانه ذرت معنیدار بود و عملکرد دانه ذرت در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار، کلزا، ماشک گلخوشهای، شبدر لاکی و شاهد بدون گیاهپوششی، به ترتیب 12/9، 45/8، 92/7، 93/6، 52/6 و 31/6 تن بر هکتار بود. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، میتوان غلات را در تلفیق با خاکورزی حفاظتی به کار برد تا ضمن کنترل پایدار علفهایهرز و کاهش نهادههای شیمیایی، در نهایت به عملکرد مطلوبی دست یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تراکم علفهایهرز؛ چاودار؛ خاکورزی حفاظتی؛ زیست توده؛ شبدر لاکی؛ علف هرز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of cover crops on weed control and corn grain yield in conservative tillage system | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| parviz sharifiziveh1؛ ahmad tobeh2؛ abdolghaum gholipouri3؛ Mohammadtagh Alebrahim2؛ Batoul Samdani4 | ||
| 1faculty | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant professor of Plant Protection Institute | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The use of cover crops before planting the main plant along with selecting the type of tillage can be considered as one of the effective methods in sustainable agriculture. In order to show the efficacy of this system, an experiment was conducted in a no-tillage system and with six treatments, barely (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereal L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), vetch (Vicia villosa L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and control, in a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the farms of agriculture and education research center and natural resources of Ardabil Province (Moghan) during the 2015-2017. Variance analysis showed that the effect of the treatments on the total weed density was significant. On average, in four sampling stages, total control of winter and spring weed at barley, rye, rape, vetch and clover treatments were 83.5,77.25,66,25,51, and 26.25 respectively. The results also showed that the soil cover percentage was significantly | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Crimson clover, conservative tillage system, rye, weed density, weed biomass | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
References: Blanco-Canqui, H., Shapiro, C.A., Wortmann, C.S., Drijber, R.A., Mamo M., Shaver T.M. and Ferguson R.B. 2013b. Soil organic carbon: The value to soil properties. J. Soil Water Conserv. 68: 129A–134A. Blanco-Canqui, H., Holman, J.D., Schlegel, A.J., Tatarko, J. and Shaver, T. 2013a. Replacing fallow with cover crops in a semiarid soil: Effects on soil properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 77: 1026–1034. Blanco-Canqui, H., Mikha, M.M., Presley, D.R., and Claassen, M.M. 2011. Addition of cover crops enhances no-till potential for improving soil physical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75: 1471–1482. Blanco-Canqui, H., Shaver, T.M., Lindquist, J.L., Shapiro, C.A., Elmore, R.W., Francis, C.A. and Hergert G.W. 2015. Cover crops and Ecosystem Services: Insights from Studies in Temperate Soils. Agron. J. 6: 449-2474. Boscutti, F., Sigura, M., Gambon, N., Lagazio, C., Krüsi, B.O. and Bonfanti, P. 2015. Conservation tillage affects species composition but not species diversity: a comparative study in Northern Italy. Environ. Manag. 55: 443–452. Brainard, D., Henshaw, B. and Snapp, S. 2012. Hairy vetch varieties and bi-cultures influence cover crop services in strip-tilled sweet corn. Agron. J. 104: 629–638. Chen, G. and Weil R.R. 2010. Penetration of cover crop roots through compacted soils. Plant Soil. 331:31–43. Cline, G. R. and Silvemail, L. 2002. Effect of cover crops, nitrogen and tillage on Sweet corn. Hort. Technol. 12: 118-125. Dabney, S.M., Delgado, J.A., Meisinger, J.J., Schomberg, H.H., Liebig, M.A. and Kaspar, T. 2010. Using cover crops and cropping systems for nitrogen management. In: J.A. Delgado and R.F. Follett, editors, Advances in nitrogen management for water quality. Soil Water Conserv. Soc., Ankeny, IA. p. 231–282. De Haan, R.L., Wyse, D.L., Ehlke, N.J., Maxwell, B.D. and Putnam, D.H. 1993. Simulation of spring seeded smother plants for weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 42:35-43. Dhima, K.V., Vasilukoglou, I.B., Eleftherohorinos, I.G. and Lithourgidis, A.S. 2006. Allelopathic development. Crop Sci. Soc. Am. 46:1682-1691. Elmore, C.D. 1980. Inhibition of turnip (Brassica rapa) seed germination by velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed. Weed Sci. 28: 658-660. Franke, A., Singh, S., McRoberts, N., Nehra, A., Godara, S., Malik, R. and Marshall, G. 2007. Phalaris minor seedbank studies: longevity, seedling emergence and seed production as affected by tillage regime. Weed Res. 47:73–83. Gabriel, J.L. and Quemada, M. 2011. Replacing bare fallow with cover crops in a maize cropping system: yield, N uptake and fertiliser fate. Eur. J. Agron. 34: 133–143. Hasannejad, S. and Alizadeh, H. 2005. Winter rye appropriate option in the management of weeds in spring crops. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference of Weed Science. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, 5th-6th January, Tehran, Iran. p. 146. (In Persian with English Summary). Hashemi, M. and Sadeghpour, A. 2013. Establishment and production of switchgrass grown for combustion: a review. Int. J. Plant Biol. Res. 1: 1002. Jahanzad, E., Jorat, M., Moghadam, H., Sadeghpour, A., Chaichi, M.R. and Dashtaki, M. 2013. Response of a new and a commonly grown for age sorghum to limited irrigation and plant density. Agric. Water Manag. 117: 62–69. Jahanzad, E., Sadeghpour, A., Hosseini, M.B., Barker, A.V., Hashemi, M.Z. and vakili, O. 2014. Silage yield and quality of millet-soybean intercrops as influenced by nitrogen application. Agron. J. 106: 1993–2000. Kaspar, T.C., and Singer, J.W. 2011. The use of cover crops to manage soil. In: J.L. Hatfield, and T.J. Sauer, editors, Soil management: Building a stable base for agriculture. Am. Soc. Agron. and Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Madison, WI. P: 321–337. Mirsky, S.B., Curran, W.S., Mortensen, D.A., Ryan, M.R. and Shumway, D.L. 2011. Timing of cover crop management effects on weed suppression in no-till planted soybean using a roller crimper. Weed Sci. 59:380–389. Ngwira, A., Aune, J.B. and Thierfelder. C. 2014. On-farm evaluation of the effects of the principles and components of conservation agriculture on maize yield and weed biomass in Malawi. EXP AGR. 50: 591–610. Poeplau, C. and A. Don. 2015. Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops: A meta-analysis. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 200:33–41. Rangbar, M., Samedani, B., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Jahansooz, M.R. and Bihamta, M.R. 2007. Effect of winter cover crops on weed control and yield of tomatoe. Pajhuhesh and Sazaeghi. 74. (In Persian). Rawls, W.J., Pachepsky, Y.A., Ritchie, J.C., Sobecki, T.M. and Bloodworth, H. 2003. Effect of soil organic carbon on soil water retention. Geoderma. 116:61–76. Sabahi, H., Minoyi, S. and Liaghati, H. 2006. A comparison between summer cover crop and inorganic nitrogen on garlic yield and the condition of weeds. Environ. Sci. 13: 23-32. (In Persian with English Summary). Sadeghpour, A., Gorlitsky, L.E., Hashemi, M., Weis, S.A. and Herbert, S.J. 2014. Response of switchgrass yield and quality to harvest season and nitrogen fertilizer. Agron. J. 106: 290–296. Sadeghpour, A., Hashemi, M., DaCosta, M., Jahanzad, E. and Herbert, S.J. 2014. Switchgrass establishment influenced by cover crop, tillage systems and weed control. BioEnergy Res. 7 (4), 1402-1410 Salmerón, M., Cavero, J., Quilez, D. and Isla, R. 2010. Winter cover crops affect monoculture maize yield and nitrogen leaching under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. Agron. J. 102: 1700–1709. Samedani, B., Ranjbar, M., Rahimian, H. and Jahansooz, M.R. 2007. The effects of winter rye cover crops planting and hairy vetch and their mixtures on density and biomass of London rocket (Sisymbriminm irio) and Earth smoke (Fumaria villanti). Quarterly of Plant Diseases. 1: 85-95. (In Persian with English Summary). Sumeda, R.J. and Weller, S.C. 1996. Potential of rye (Secale cereale) for weed mangement in transplant tomatoes. (Lycopersicom esculentum). Weed Sci. 44: 596-602. Starovoytov, A., Gallagher, R.S., Jacobsen, K.L., Kaye, J.P. and Bradley, B. 2010. Management of small grain residues to retain legume-derived nitrogen in corn cropping systems. Agron. J. 102: 895-903. Teasdale, J.R. 1996. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. J. Prod. Agric. 9: 475–479. Teasdale J.R., Brandsaeter L.O., Calegar A. and Skoraneto, F. 2007. Cover crops and weed management. In: Non-chemical weed management (eds. Upadhyaya M.K. and Blackshaw R.E.) UK: C.A.B International, Oxford shire. Uchino, H., Iwama, K., Jitsuyama, Y., Ichiyama, K., Sugiura, E., Yudate, T., Nakamura, S. and Gopal, J. 2012. Effect of interseeding cover crops and fertilization on weed suppression organic and rotational cropping system, 1: Stability of weed suppression over years and main crops of potato, maize and soybean. Field Crop Res. 127: 9-16. Uchino, H., Iwama, K., Jitsuyama, Y., Yudate, T. and Nakamura, S. 2009. Yield losses of soybean and maize by competition with interseeded cover crops and weeds in organic based cropping systems. Field Crops Res. 113: 342-351. Nichols, V., Verhulst, N., Cox, R. and Govaerts, B. 2015. Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review. Field Crops Res. 183: 56–68. Wicks, G.A., Crutchfield, D.A. and Burnside, O.C. 1994. Influence of wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw mulch and metolachlor on corn (Zea mays) growth and yield. Weed Sci. 42: 141–147. Zaefarian, F. 2009. Ecophysiological response of maize and soybean intercropping to competition of amaranthus and datura. PhD Thesis of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat-Modares. (In Persian). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 667 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,297 |
||