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الگوبرداری از رشد گیاه دارویی کَوَر (Capparis spinosa L.) در رویشگاه طبیعی برای کشت در سیستمهای زراعی کمنهاده | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 35، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 98، بهمن و اسفند 1398، صفحه 1002-1016 اصل مقاله (706.88 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2020.127872.2645 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه آگاه1؛ محمدعلی اسماعیلی* 2؛ محمد فرزام3؛ رحمت عباسی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای زراعت (فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی)، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOR): 98.1000/1735-0905.1398.35.1002.98.6.1575.1607 پیامد تغییر اقلیم در رویشگاههای طبیعی مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک کاهش تنوع گونهای است که ضرورت اهلیسازی و کشت گونههای عرصههای طبیعی را در سیستمهای کشاورزی آشکار میکند. گیاه دارویی کَوَر (Capparis spinosa L.)، یکی از گیاهان ارزشمند بومی عرصههای طبیعی است که میتوان با شناخت الگوها و مراحل رشد آن در رویشگاههای طبیعی و نسخهبرداری از آن، نسبت به کشت آن اقدام کرد. به همین منظور، برای بررسی نیازهای اکولوژیک، مراحل فنولوژیک و عادات رشدی گیاه دارویی ارزشمند کور، رویشگاه طبیعی این گیاه واقع در بخش مزداوند شهرستان سرخس انتخاب شد و مطالعات در سال 1395 انجام گردید. بهمنظور مطالعه مراحل فنولوژیک گیاه، فاصله زمانی برای هر مرحله فنولوژیک براساس تعداد روز و درجه روز رشد محاسبه و ثبت گردید. ویژگیهای رشد (مساحت کانوپی، طول قطر بزرگ و قطر کوچک کانوپی و تعداد شاخه) اندازهگیری شد و روند تغییرات با مدلهای سیگموئیدی، درجه دو، توانی و خطی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج بررسی اکولوژیک رویشگاه نشان داد که رویشگاه مورد مطالعه بیشتر ماههای سال تحت تأثیرخشکی بوده، همچنین تجزیه خاک نشان داد که بافت خاک، سیلتی لوم و اسیدیته خاک در محدوده قلیایی بوده و مقادیر بالای هدایتالکتریکی خاک در اعماق مختلف نیز نشانگر وجود مقادیر زیاد املاح در خاک بود. خاک رویشگاه از نظر عناصر اصلی (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاس) و کربن آلی فقیر بوده و مقادیر این عناصر بسیار پایینتر از حد مطلوب خاکهای زراعی برآورد شد. بررسی مراحل فنولوژیک گیاه کور نشان داد که این گیاه برای طی مراحل رشدی خود به 211 روز و 2745.3 درجه روز رشد نیاز دارد. بررسی روند تغییرات رشدی در رویشگاه نشان داد که گیاه در سه ماه اول، سرعت رشد نسبتاً بالایی از نظر گسترش سطح کانوپی داشته و با گذشت زمان از سرعت رشد آن کاسته میشود و مدل سیگموئیدی بهخوبی این الگوی رشدی را پیشبینی میکند. طبق نتایج بررسی عادات رشدی گیاه کور در رویشگاه طبیعی و با الگوبرداری از نحوه گسترش این گیاه در سطح زمین و نیز با توجه به چندساله بودن آن، توصیه میشود آرایش کاشت کور در سیستمهای زراعی به گونهای طراحی شود که بوتهها فضای کافی برای گسترش کانوپی داشته باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اهلیسازی؛ درجه روز رشد؛ فنولوژی؛ گیاه دارویی؛ مدلسازی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Modeling of Capparis spinosa L. growth in natural habitat for cultivation in low input farming systems | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| F. Agah1؛ M.A. Esmaeili2؛ M. Farzam3؛ R. Abbasi4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of Agronomy (Crop Physiology), Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The consequence of climate change in the natural habitats of arid and semi-arid regions is the reduction of species diversity which highlights the necessity of domestication and cultivation of wild species in agricultural systems. The medicinal plant caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is one of the valuable native plants in the natural arena that can be cultivated by recognizing patterns and stages of its growth in natural habitats and copying it .For this purpose, in order to study the ecological needs, phenological stages and growth habits of the valuable medicinal plant caper, the natural habitat of this plant in Mazdavand section of Sarakhs was selected and studies were conducted during 2016. The time interval for each phenological stage was calculated based on the number of days and growth degree day. Growth characteristics (canopy area, large and small canopy diameter and number of branches) were measured and the trend of changes was compared with sigmoid, quadratic, power and linear models. The results of ecological study showed that the habitat studied was affected by drought most of the year. Also, soil analysis showed that soil texture was silty loam, and soil acidity was in the alkaline range, and high amounts of EC at different soil depths also indicated high levels of salts in the soil. The habitat soil was poor in terms of macroelements (N, P and K) and organic carbon, and the amount of these elements were much lower than the optimum level in agricultural soils. Results showed that caper needs 211 days and 2745.3 degree days to complete its growth stages. Investigating the trend of growth changes in the habitat showed that the plant had a relatively high growth rate for canopy expansion in the first three months and after that growth rate decreased over time. Its growth pattern was best predicted by the sigmoid model. According to the results of the study on the growth habits of caper in the natural habitat and considering how it is spread on the land surface and its perennial life, it is recommended that the planting arrangement for caper in agricultural systems be designed so that the plants have enough space for canopy expansion. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Domestication, growth degree day, phenology, medicinal plant, modeling | ||
| مراجع | ||
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