| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,208 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,560 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,008,285 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,291,397 |
تأثیر شدتهای مختلف چرایی بر تنوع و ترکیب جوامع گیاهی (مطالعه موردی: مراتع نیمهاستپی بلغویی- علویجه اصفهان) | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 25، شماره 4، بهمن 1397، صفحه 789-804 اصل مقاله (537.55 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2019.118613 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیدمهرداد کاظمی1؛ حمیدرضا کریم زاده2؛ حسین بشری3؛ مصطفی ترکش اصفهانی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای علوم مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 3استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به نقش و اهمیت چرای دام بر تغییرات پوششگیاهی، این تحقیق برای مطالعه تأثیر شدتهای مختلف چرای دام بر پارامترهای پوشش گیاهی مراتع شهرستان علویجه در استان اصفهان انجام شد بدینمنظور سه مکان مرتعی با شدتهای مختلف چرایی سبک، متوسط و سنگین و با شرایط اکولوژیک مشابه انتخاب شد. چهار ترانسکت (دو ترانسکت موازی و دو ترانسکت عمود بر شیب عمومی منطقه) به طول 100 متر در هر منطقه مستقر و در راستای هر ترانسکت، 10 پلات به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک مستقر و در هر پلات نام علمی گونهها، کلاس خوشخوراکی، تراکم و درصد پوشش تاجی گیاهان ثبت گردید. شاخصهای غنای مارگالف، تنوع و یکنواختی شانون-واینر و نیز منحنی فراوانی رتبهای محاسبه شد. بهمنظور مقایسه شاخصهای پوشش گیاهی، از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه (5% = α) استفاده گردید. شاخصهای تراکم و پوشش تاجی در شرایط چرای سبک و متوسط بیشتر از چرای سنگین میباشد و بین هر سه مکان مرتعی اختلاف معنیداری وجود دارد (05/0 > P). ترکیب گونهای دو مکان چرای سبک و متوسط بهطور عمده شامل گیاهان کلاس ІІ و بهترتیب برابر با 72 و 54 درصد میباشد. در شرایط چرای سنگین، غالب بودن با گونههای کلاس ІІІ میباشد که برابر با 69 درصد محاسبه گردید. بین مناطق چرای سبک و سنگین، از لحاظ شاخصهای تنوع، غنا و یکنواختی اختلاف معنیداری وجود دارد (05/0 > P). دو منطقه چرای سبک و متوسط، از مدل لوگ نرمال که نشاندهنده جوامعی پایدار میباشند تبعیت میکند، در حالیکه منطقه چرای سنگین از مدل سری لوگ که بیانگر جوامعی شکننده است، تبعیت میکند. نتایج تحلیل فزونگی (RDA) نشان داد که سه تیپ گیاهی با ترکیب گیاهی متفاوت، منطبق با سطوح مختلف چرای دام وجود دارد. بهطور کلی، چرای سبک و متوسط از نظر پوششگیاهی در شرایط ایدهآلی قرار دارند، بنابراین با توجه به اینکه مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، اکوسیستمهای حساس و شکنندهای هستند باید در مدیریت چرا این مناطق ملاحظات بیولوژیکی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تنوع گونهای؛ تحلیل فزونگی؛ شدت چرا؛ علویجه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of various grazing intensities on vegetation diversity and composition in semi- steppe rangelands (Case study: Alavigeh- Isfahan) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Mehrdad Kazemi1؛ Hamidreza karimzadeh2؛ Hosein Bashari3؛ Mostafa Tarkesh Esfahani3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, College of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan university of Technology, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, College of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Considering the role and importance of grazing on vegetation structural changes, thisstudy aimed to assess the effects of various grazing intensities on vegetation parameters in semi-steppe rangelands of Alavigeh, Isfahan. Three rangeland locations with relatively homogeneous ecological conditions and various long-term grazing intensities (light, moderate and heavy) were selected. Four perpendicular transects with 100 meters length (two parallel transects and tow transects perpendicular to the general slope of the area) were established in each site and vegetation parameters including vegetation cover, density and palatability class of the species were recorded in 10 plots. The Margalef richness index and Shannon-Vainer diversity and evenness indices of the plots were calculated. A one way ANOVA was used to compare the vegetation parameters in sites with various long term grazing intensities. According to the results, the sites with low and moderate grazing intensities had higher plant density and vegetation cover compared with site grazed heavily and these vegetation indices varied significantly between the sites (P< 0.05). The species composition of the light and moderate grazing areas mainly included class II species with 72% and 54%, respectively. The heavily grazed site was dominated by the species with low grazing palatability (69%). The plant diversity, richness and evenness indices of the sites with low and moderate grazing intensities varied significantly (p < 0.05). The log normal was the best fitted parametric model among species abundance models for the low and moderate grazed sites, indicating a stable vegetation community. Log series were fitted to diversity data in the heavy grazed site, indicating an unstable vegetation community. RDA analysis revealed that there was a distinct grazing gradient and three vegetation zones could be clearly separated with various vegetation compositions. Although vegetation condition is appropriate in the sites with low grazing intensity, also the vegetation regeneration can benefit from moderate grazing intensity. Biological considerations are required in the management of rangeland ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems due to the fragile nature of these ecosystems. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Alavigeh, diversity, grazing intensities, redundancy analysis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Ahmadi, H., Vahabi, M. R., Karami, M. and Riyazi, B., 2010. Comparison of plant diversity under grazed condition livestock and wildlife in moteh region, Isfahan provience. University of Azad Islamic, 105 p. - Arzani, H., 2011. Forage quality and daily requirement of grazing animal. University of Tehran Press, 354p. - Borhani1, M., Arzani, H., Bassiri, M., Zare Chahook, M. A. and Farahpour, M., 2014. Investigating the effects of range management plans on vegetation of Semirum- Esfahan province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 21 (3): 530- 540. - Baghestani Maybodi, N., Taghi Zare, M. and Abdollahi, J., 2006. Effects of 2-decade livestock exclusion on vegetation change in steppe rangelands of Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 13 (4): 337-346. - Bayat, M., Arzani, H. and Jalili, A., 2016. Effects of climatic condition vegetation cover and production in steppe rangelands (Case study: Alavieh and Khondab- Isfahan province). Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reserch, 23 (2): 357-372. - Bagheri, A., Ghorbani, R., Bannayan Aval, M. and Shafner, O., 2016. Study species richness in habitats with different grazing intensities at Golestan national park and surrounding area. Journal of Applied Ecology, 5 (17): 51-64. - Ebrahimi, M., Bashari, H., Bassiri, M., Borhani, M. and Mohajeri, A., 2017. Evaluating vegetation and soil physic- chemical characteristics changes along a grazing Gradient using Non- metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis (Case study: Morchehkhort rangelands- Isfahan). Journal of Rangelands, 11 (1): 106-115. - Faryab, N., 2006. Comparison of species diversity in the three site of operation in Ranges National park of Khojir. University of Gorgan, 112 p. - Fallah, M., Farzam, M., Hosseini, V., Moravej, G. and Eldridge, J., 2017. Termite effects on soils and plants are generally consistent along a gradient in livestock grazing. Journal of Arid Land Research and Management, 31(2): 159-168. - Graghany, S., 2012. Comparison diversity and richness and growth form the three sites of operation. Journal of Range and Watershed management, 21 (4): 532-543. - Ghehsareh, E., Bassiri, M., Tarkesh, M. and Borhani, M., 2010. Appropriate indicators to assess species diversity in four rangeland sites in Isfahan. Journal of Rangeland, 4 (1). 33-46. - Ghahreman, A. and Attar, F., 2000. Biodiversity of plant species in Iran, Tehran University Publication, 1210p. - Ghahreman, A., 1979-1992. Colorful flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 125p. - Heshmatii, G. A., 2002. The biosphere revisited: plant species patterns close to water points in small, fenced paddocks in chenopod shrub lands of South Australia. Journal of Arid Environ. 51: 547-560. - Imani, J., Tavili, A., Bandak, I. and Gholinejad, B., 2011. Assessment of vegetation changes in rangelands under different grazing intensities. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 17 (3): 393-401. - Jailvand, H., Tamartash, R. and Heydarpour, H., 2007. Grazing Impact on Vegetation and Some Soil Chemical Properties in Kojour Rangelands, Noushahr, Iran. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 1 (1): 53- 66. - Jafari, H., Tatian, S. Tamartash, M. and Karimiyan, A., 2013. Comparison of characteristics of plants at two sites wildlife and livestock grazing. Journal of Rangeland, 7 (4): 316-329. - Karimzadeh, H. R., 2002. Characteristics and genesis of soils developed on different landforms and the origin of the wind eroded sediments in eastern part of Isfahan, Ph.D Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran. - Krebs, C. J., 1999. Ecological Methodology. Benjamin-Cummings Publication, New York. 620 p. - Khani, M., Ghanbarian, M. and Kamali Maskooni, E., 2011. Comparison between plant species richness and diversity indices along different grazing gradients in southern warm-arid rangelands of Fars. Journal of Rangeland, 5 (2): 129-136. - Kent, M. and Coker, P., 1992. Vegetation description and data analysis: a practical approach. John Wiley and Sons, 414p. - Li, C., Hao, X., Zhao Han, M. G. and Willms, W. D., 2008. Influence of historic sheep grazing on vegetation and soil properties of a Desert Steppe in Inner Mongolia. Journal of Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 128: 109–116. - Moradi, E., Mofidi, M., 2012. Effects of grazing exclosure on vegetation in Semi- Steppe rangelands of Semirom in Esfahan (Case study: Hana). Journal of Rangeland, 6 (3): 272-281. - Mengistu, T., Teketay, D., Hulten, H. and Yemshaw, Y., 2005. The role of enclosures in the recovery of woody vegetation in degraded dryland hillsides of central and northern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 60: 259-281. - Mohammadi, K. H., Karimzadeh, H. R. and Tarkesh Esfahani, M., 2014. Effect of various grazing management on soil characteristics and species diversity in Bijar protected area, Kurdistan province. Isfahan University of technology, 90p. - Magurran, A. E., 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 322p. - Mesdaghi, M., 2011. Statistical and regression methods an applied approach to plant and animal sciences, 421 p. - Mesdaghi, M., 2012. Plant ecology. Mashhad university publication, 187 p. - Moghaddam, M., 1998. Range and Range management. Tehran university publication, 480p. - Motamedi, J. and Sheidai Karkaj, E., 2014. Suitable species diversity abundance model in three grazing intensities in Dizaj Batchi rangelans of West Azerbaijan. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 67 (1): 103-115. - Nikan, M., Ejtehadi, H., Jankju, M., Memariani, F., Hasanpour, H. and Noadoost, F., 2012. Floristic composition and plant diversity under different grazing intensities: case study semi steppe rangeland, Baharkish, Quchan. Iranian Journal Range and Desert Resources. 47 (2): 306-320. - Rajabov, T., 2009. Ecological assessment of spatio-temporal changes of vegetation in response to biosphere effects in semi-arid rangelands of Uzbekistan. Land Restoration Training Program. 29 (3): 109-144. - Sheikhzadeh, A., Bashari, H., Matinkhah, H. and Tarkesh, M., 2016. The effect exclusion of twenty years old on indexes of parametric and non-parametric species diversity in rangelands Chadegan of Isfahan. Journal of Applied Ecology, 5 (17): 25-35. - Shokri, M., Tavili, A. and Mollayi Kandelusi, J., 2005. Effects of grazing intensity on plant species richness in Alborz mountains rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 1(3): 269-278. - Sheidai Karkaj, E., Motamedi, J., Aliloo, F. and Siroosi, H., 2017. Role of livestock management on vegetation properties in summer rangelands of Chahr Bagh, Golestan. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 69 (4): 949-961. - Shakeri Broojeni, N., Bashari, H. and Tarkesh, M., 2014. Identifying grazing indicator species using gradient analysis approach in Semi- Steppe rangelands of Feridan- Isfahan. Journal of Rangeland, 8 (2): 201-212. - Salarian, F., Ghorbani, J. and Safaeian, N. A., 2013. Vegetation changes under exclosure and livestock grazing in Chahar Bagh rangelands in Golestan province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 20(1): 115-129. - Schmiedel, U. and Grongroft, A., 2016. Effect of grazing on vegetation and soil of the heuweltjoieveld in the Succulent Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Acta Oecologica, 71: 27-36. - Tarhouni, M., Ben Salem, F., Ouled Belgacem, A. and Neffati, M., 2010. Acceptability of plant species along grazing gradients around watering points in Tunisian arid zone. Journal of Flora. 205 (7): 454-461. - Todd, S. W. and Hoffman, M. T., 2009. A fence line in time demonstrates grazing-induced vegetation shifts and dynamics in the semiarid Succulent Karoo. Journal of Ecological Applications, 19 (7): 1897-1908. - Ter Braak, C. J. F., 1985. Correspondence analysis of incidence and abundance data: properties in terms of a unimodal response model. Journal of Biometrics, 41: 859-873. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 654 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 511 |
||