Rahman Mashhadi, M., Atyabi, N., Hemmaty, M., Fathi Najafi, M., Fallah Mehrabadi, M. (2018). A comparative hematological, biochemical and immunological factors study following pentavalent toxoid vaccine containing Clostridium novyi with black disease bacterin/toxoid vaccine injection. , 31(2), 66-71. doi: 10.22092/vj.2018.116770.1413
M. Rahman Mashhadi; N. Atyabi; M. Hemmaty; M. Fathi Najafi; M.H. Fallah Mehrabadi. "A comparative hematological, biochemical and immunological factors study following pentavalent toxoid vaccine containing Clostridium novyi with black disease bacterin/toxoid vaccine injection". , 31, 2, 2018, 66-71. doi: 10.22092/vj.2018.116770.1413
Rahman Mashhadi, M., Atyabi, N., Hemmaty, M., Fathi Najafi, M., Fallah Mehrabadi, M. (2018). 'A comparative hematological, biochemical and immunological factors study following pentavalent toxoid vaccine containing Clostridium novyi with black disease bacterin/toxoid vaccine injection', , 31(2), pp. 66-71. doi: 10.22092/vj.2018.116770.1413
Rahman Mashhadi, M., Atyabi, N., Hemmaty, M., Fathi Najafi, M., Fallah Mehrabadi, M. A comparative hematological, biochemical and immunological factors study following pentavalent toxoid vaccine containing Clostridium novyi with black disease bacterin/toxoid vaccine injection. , 2018; 31(2): 66-71. doi: 10.22092/vj.2018.116770.1413
A comparative hematological, biochemical and immunological factors study following pentavalent toxoid vaccine containing Clostridium novyi with black disease bacterin/toxoid vaccine injection
1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Faculty of Tehran University
3Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, North East Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
4Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Abstract
Clostridium novyi is the pathogenic agent of the black disease, especially in sheep and rarely in other animals. The α toxin produced by C. novyi type B is major pathogenic agent of the disease. The economic loss of the black disease includes sheep deaths, depreciation of farms, and hygienic carcass-disposal challenges. The most efficient method to control the black disease, as an incurable disease, is vaccination. To this end, bacterin vaccine of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI) are mainly used in Iran. In the current study, the pentavalent clostridial toxoid vaccine, containing C. novyi type B was compared to the black disease bacterin/toxoid vaccine of RVSRI. The study is going to detect immunogenical, biochemical and hematological changes in the blood of New Zealand rabbits before and after two administrations with three-week interval administrations. Two weeks after the last injection, the rabbits were challenged orally by the bacteria. Results showed a more significant immunogenicity of toxoid than bacterin/toxoid vaccines in rabbits. The hematological factors including white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, MCV (mean Cell Volume), MCH (mean cell hemoglobin), MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration), and platelet showed no significant difference at day 50 (after bacterial challenge) during the immunization period between the case and control groups. The biochemical factors, such as creatinine, glucose, total protein, albumin, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and AST (aspartate aminotransferase), were also measured. Results showed no significant difference between the case and control groups in none of them also (p<0.05).
1- Aboudola S., K.L. Kotloff, L. Kyne, M. Warny, E.C. Kelly, S. Sougioultzis, P.J. Giannasca, T.P. Monath and C.P. Kelly. 2003. Clostridium difficile vaccine and serum immunoglobulin G antibody response to toxin A. Infection and immunity 71,1608-1610. 2- American, Psychological and Association. 1986. Guidelines for ethical conduct in the care and use of animals. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 45,127. 3- Amimoto K., O. Sasaki, M. Isogai, T. Kitajima, E. Oishi, N. Okada and H. Yasuhara. 1998. The protective effect of Clostridium novyi type B alpha-toxoid against challenge with spores in guinea pigs. Journal of veterinary medical science 60,681-685. 4-Aronoff D.M. 2013. Clostridium novyi, sordellii, and tetani: Mechanisms of disease. Anaerobe 24,98-101. 5- Borrmann E. and F. Schulze. 1999. Detection of Clostridium novyi type B α toxin by cell culture systems. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 24,275-280. 6- Borrmann E., F. Schulze, K. Cussler, I. Hänel and R. Diller. 2006. Developmentof a cell culture assay for the quantitative determination of vaccination-induced antibodies in rabbit sera against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin and Clostridium novyi alpha toxin. Veterinary microbiology 114,41-50. 7- Commission E.P., E.D.f.t.Q.o. Medicines and Healthcare. 2010. European pharmacopoeia. Council of Europe. 8- Draayer H. 2011. Overview of currently approved veterinary vaccine potency testing methods and methods in development that do not require animal use. Procedia in Vaccinology 5,171-174. 9- Ebert E., V. Öppling, E. Werner and K. Cussler. 1999. Development and prevalidation of two different ELISA systems for the potency testing of Clostridium perfringens β-and ε-toxoid containing veterinary vaccines. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 24,299-311. 10- Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, 2015. http://www.areeo.ac.ir/DuranPortal/Documents/Vaccine Dami/2015 1227 144736.pdf. 11- Kotloff K.L., S.S. Wasserman, G.A. Losonsky, W. Thomas, R. Nichols, R. Edelman, M. Bridwell and T.P. Monath. 2001. Safety and Immunogenicity of Increasing Doses of a Clostridium difficile Toxoid Vaccine Administered to Healthy Adults. Infection and immunity 69, 988-995. 12- Naderi M.M., A. Sarvari, A. Milanifar, S.B. Boroujeni and M.M. Akhondi. 2012. Regulations and ethical considerations in animal experiments: international laws and islamic perspectives. Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology 4,114. 13- Pharmacopoeia B. 2015. Monographs: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical substances. Clostridium novyi (type B), Vaccine for veterinary use, Ph Eur Monigraph, 0362. 14- Plotkin S. 2014. History of vaccination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111,12283-12287. 15- Saleh N., S. Fathalla, R. Nabil and A. Mosaad. 2011. Clinicopathological and immunological studies on toxoids vaccine as a successful alternative in controlling clostridial infection in broilers. Anaerobe 17,426-430. 16- Wood K. 1991. An alternative to the toxin neutralization assay in mice for the potency testing of the Clostridium tetani, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium novyi type B and Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon components of multivalent sheep vaccines. Biologicals 19,281-286. 17- World Health Organization. vaccine safty basics, e-learning coursehttp://vaccine-safety-training.org/toxoid-vaccines.html. W.H.O.
