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اثر مدیریت بقایای گندم و کلزا و روشهای خاکورزی بر عملکرد ذرت و برخی خصوصیات خاک | ||
| به زراعی نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 33، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 61-83 اصل مقاله (884.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppj.2017.113759 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید نجفینژاد* ؛ ناصر رشیدی؛ محمدعلی رستمی؛ محمدعلی جواهری | ||
| مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی اثر مدیریت استفاده از بقایای گندم و کلزا (کشت پاییزه) و خاکورزی بر عملکرد ذرت و برخی خصوصیات خاک، دو آزمایش جداگانه به مدت سه سال (1390-1388) در منطقه ارزوئیه کرمان انجام شد. هر آزمایش بهصورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار بود. فاکتور اصلی دو روش خاکورزی مرسوم و حداقل و فاکتور فرعی مدیریت بقایای گیاهی در سه سطح حفظ بقایا، جمعآوری بقایا و سوزاندن بقایا بود. در آزمایش کشت ذرت در بستر کلزا تیمار خاکورزی مرسوم از نظر عملکرد دانه و ارتفاع بوته به ترتیب 4/14 و 7 درصد نسبت به خاکورزی حداقل برتری داشت. در آزمایش کشت ذرت در بستر گندم تیمار خاکورزی مرسوم در دو سال اول آزمایش بهطور معنیداری نسبت به خاکورزی حداقل از عملکرد دانه بیشتری برخوردار بود اما در سال سوم تفاوت معنیداری بین دو روش خاکورزی از نظر عملکرد دانه مشاهده نشد. در مقایسه بین تیمارهای مدیریت بقایای گندم، تیمار حفظ بقایا از عملکرد دانه بیشتری نسبت به تیمارهای سوزاندن و جمعآوری بقایا برخوردار بود. برهمکنش خاکورزی و مدیریت بقایا نشان باعث شد که تیمار حفظ بقایای گندم در شرایط خاکورزی حداقل بیشترین محتوی رطوبت ذخیرهشده در خاک را داشته باشد در هر دو آزمایش تیمار حفظ بقایا منجر به افزایش درصد ماده آلی خاک شد و تیمار سوزاندن بقایا فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب خاک را افزایش داد. محتوی پروتئین دانه تحت تأثیر مدیریت بقایا غیر معنیدار اما خاکورزی حداقل نسبت به مرسوم از نظر پروتئین دانه برتری معنیداری داشت. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق ضمن توصیه حفظ بقایای گیاهی در خاک و پرهیز از سوزاندن و یا جمعآوری پیشنهاد میشود برای مشخص شدن اثر مثبت خاکورزی چنین آزمایشهایی برای دورههای حداقل پنج سال انجام شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بقایای گیاهی؛ بستر بذر؛ ذرت دانهای؛ عملکرد؛ رطوبت خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Wheat and Canola Residues Management and Tillage Methods on Maize Yield and some Soil Properties | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. Najafinezhad؛ N. Rashidi؛ M.A. Rostami؛ M.A. Javaheri | ||
| Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To study the effects of wheat and canola residue management and tillage methods on maize yield and some soil properties, two separate experiments were carried out over three years (2009-2011) in Experimental Research Station of Orzoiyeh in Kerman, Iran. In each experiment randomized complete block design arranged in a split plot was used with four replications. Tillage methods (conventional and minimum tillage) were compared in the main plots and crop residue (residue rentention, residue removal and residue burning) were compared in the sub plots. In maize planted under canola bed, in conventional tillage, grain yield (14.4%) and plant height (7%) was more than minimum tillage. In maize planted under wheat bed, grain yield of maize was higher in conventinal tillage in the first and second years, but there was not any significant difference between two tillage methods in the third year. In comparison between wheat residue treatments, residues retention had the highest maize grain yield. The moisture content stored in the soil was highest in treatment of minimum tillage along with residue retention of wheat. In both experiments, residue rentention increased significantly soil organic matter and residue burning increased soil phosphorus and potassium. Grain protein of maize was higher in minimum tillage than conventional tillage, but crop residue management has not significant effect on grain protein content. Based on the results of this study, residue retention in soil can be recommended, but to determine minimum tillage positive effects in soil, long term experiments should carried out. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Crop residue, seed bed, grain maize, yield, Soil Moisture | ||
| مراجع | ||
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