| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,219 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,690 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,565,534 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,844,654 |
فتوسنتز جاری و انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی در اثر محلولپاشی تنظیم کنندههای رشد در شرایط تنش خشکی در ذرت KSC 704 | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 30، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 114، فروردین 1396، صفحه 33-48 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2017.108051.1084 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی ماهرخ* 1؛ مجید نبی پور2؛ حبیب اله روشنفکر3؛ رجب چوکان4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی سابق دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز واستادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
| 3دانشیار دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
| 4استاد بازنشسته موسسه تحیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آزمایش در سه محیط جداگانه، شامل محیط بدون تنش خشکی، تنش خشکی در مرحله رشد رویشی و تنش خشکی در مرحله رشد زایشی انجام شد. تنظیم کنندههای رشد سیتوکینین در سه سطح (شاهد، محلولپاشی در مرحله پنج تا شش برگی و هشت تا ده برگی) و اکسین در سه سطح (شاهد، محلولپاشی در مرحله ظهور ابریشم و 15 روز پس از ظهور ابریشم) در هر محیط درسه تکرار بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در مزرعه مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج طی سال زراعی 1392 اجرا شد. تنش خشکی در مرحله رشد زایشی باعث کاهش میزان فتوسنتز جاری و سهم فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به مقدار 43/61 و 18/28 درصد گردید و همچنین باعث افزایش انتقال مجدد و سهم انتقال مجدد در عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به مقدار 68/40 و 18/28 درصد گردید. همچنین محلولپاشی تنظیم کننده رشد سیتوکینین در مرحله هشت تا ده برگی باعث افزایش میزان فتوسنتز جاری و سهم فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به مقدار 74/13 و 10/11 درصد گردید و محلولپاشی تنظیم کننده رشد اکسین در مرحله ظهور ابریشم باعث افزایش میزان انتقال مجدد و سهم انتقال مجدد در عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به مقدار 95/24 و 38/4 درصد گردید. بنابراین محلولپاشی تنظیم کنندههای رشد سیتوکینین در مرحله هشت تا ده برگی در افزایش فتوسنتز جاری و اکسین در مرحله ظهور ابریشم در افزایش انتقال مجدد و نهایتا عملکرد دانه مؤثر خواهد بود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اکسین؛ سیتوکینین؛ سهم فتوسنتز جاری؛ کارایی فتوسنتز جاری؛ مراحل رشد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Current of photosynthesis and remobilization of assimilate affected spraying growth regulator under drought stress condition on maize cultivar KSC 704 | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A Mahrokh1؛ | ||
| 1Chamran University of Ahwaz, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Drought is one of the major environmental conditions that adversely affects plant growth and crop yield. Drought is the most major restriction in maize production. The reduction in plant growth under drought stress conditions could be an outcome of altered hormonal balance and hence the exogenous application of growth regulators under stress conditions could be the possible means of reversing the effects of abiotic stress. Plant growth regulators such as auxin and cytokinin are known to be involved in the regulation of plant response to the adverse effects of stress conditions. Previous studies have shown that endogenous hormones are essential regulators for translocating and partitioning of photo-assimilates for grain filling in cereal crops (Yang, et al. 2003), and therefore could be involved in the regulation of grain weight and yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects of exogenous application of growth regulators on the current photosynthesis and remobilization of assimilates in maize cultivar KSC704 under drought stress conditions. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out in three distinct environments at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran, in 2013. The environments included non-drought stress (irrigation after soil moisture reached 75% of field capacity), drought stress at vegetative stage (irrigation after soil moisture reached 50% of field capacity from V4 to tasseling stage and irrigation after soil moisture reached 75% of field capacity from pollination to physiological maturity stage) and drought stress at reproductive stage (irrigation after soil moisture reached 75% of field capacity from V4 to tasseling stage and irrigation after soil moisture reached 50% of field capacity from pollination to physiological maturity stage). Cytokinin was applied at V5 –V6 and V8-V10 stages and auxin was sprayed at silk emergence stage and 15 days after that period. No usage of the growth regulators was served as control. The trial was laid out as a factorial scheme based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Auxin was used in the form of Indole-3-butyric acid and cytokinin was sprayed as N6-benzyladenin. Harvesting was done from 4.5 m2 at field maturity stage at 14 % grain moisture content and was used to estimate grain yield. Remobilization, efficiency of remobilization, contribution of remobilization, current photosynthesis, efficiency of current photosynthesis and contribution of current photosynthesis were measured by the equation of Uhart and Andrade (1995). Results and Discussion The effect of drought stress on current photosynthesis, efficiency of current photosynthesis, contribution of current photosynthesis and remobilization was significant (P<0.01). Efficiency of remobilization was also affected by water stress (P<0.05) (Table 1). The difference in the rate of current photosynthesis and remobilization under drought stress and non- stress environments at vegetative stage was insignificant (Table 2). Cytokinin increased the rate of current photosynthesis by 13.74% as compared to control treatment at V8-V10 stage. It is possible that the application of cytokinin at V8-V10 stage resulted in enhanced cell division and leaf area, leading to increased absorption of photosynthetically active radiation by the plant. Contribution of current photosynthesis to grain yield was maximal under optimum irrigation and water stress treatments at vegetative stage. However, it experienced a 28.18% decline under drought stress at reproductive stage. The application of auxin was associated with increased contribution of remobilization to grain yield at silk emergence stage. It seems that auxin involvement in the conversion of sucrose to other hexoses such as starch in endosperm and its role in maintaining concentration gradient of assimilates from source to sink are the reasons for this increase. (Robert and John, 2004). Conclusion Based on the results of this experiment, drought stress at vegetative stage (irrigation after decreasing soil moisture to 50% field capacity) can be effective in conserving irrigation water and increasing water use efficiency. Moreover, considering the fact that the higher rates of current photosynthesis and contribution of current photosynthesis to grain yield were achieved with cytokinin application at V8-V10 stage and spraying with auxin at silk emergence stage led to the increased rates of remobilization and contribution of remobilization to grain yield, the aforementioned growth periods were identified as the best application times for cytokinin and auxin, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| : auxin, cytokinine, contribute of current photosynthesis, efficiency of current photosynthesis, Growth stage | ||
|
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
|
||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadi, A. and Baker, D.A. 1999. Effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on grain filling processes in wheat. Plant Growth Regul. 28: 187–197. Alizadeh, A. 2011. Relationship among water, soil and plant. University of Emam Reza publication. (In Persian). Asseng, S. and van Herwaarden, A. F. “Analysis of the benefits to wheat yield from assimilates stored prior to grain filling in a range of environments,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 256, No. 1, 2000, pp. 3217-3219. Beheshti, A. R. and Behboodi, B.2010. Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in grain sorghum genotyps (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moeuch) under drought stress. Australian Journal of crops science. 4(3): 185-189. Boothby, D. and Wright, S.T.C.1962. Effect of kinetin and other growth regulators on starch degradation. Nature 196: 389–390. Brault, M., Maldiney, R. 1999.Mechanisms of cytokinin action. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 37: 403-412. Brenner, M.L. and Cheikh, N.1995. The role of hormones in photosynthate partitioning and seed filling. In: Davies P.J. (ed.), Plant Hormones, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 649–670. Darussalam, Cole, M.A. and Patrick, J.W. 1998. Auxin control of photoassimilate transport to and within developing grains of wheat. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25: 69–77. Hansen, H. and Grossmann, K. 2000. Auxin-induced enthylene triggers abscisic acid biosynthesis and growth inhibition. Plant Physiol. 124: 1437–1448. Kaya, C. A., Tuna, L. and Yokas, I. 2009. “The Role of Plant Hormones in Plants under Salinity Stress,” Book Salinity and Water Stress, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 45-50. lack S, naderi A, saidat S A, Ayenehband A, Nour – Mohammadi G, Moosavi S. 2008, The Effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant population on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of corn at climatical conditions of Khuzestan. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 11 (42):1-14. (In Persian with English abstract). Lawlor, D.W., 2002. Limitation to photosynthesis in water-stressed leaves: stomata vs. metabolism and role of ATP. Ann. Bot. 89, 871-885. Liang, J., Zhang, J. and Cao, X. 2001. Grain sink strength may be related to the poor grain filling of indica-japonica rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids. Physiol. Plant. 112: 470–477. Lur, H. S. and Setter, T. 1993. Role of auxin in maize endosperm development’ timing of nuclear DNA endoreduplication, zein expression, and Cytokinin. Plant Physiol., 103: 273-280. Martınez, J.P., Silva, H., Ledent, J.F., Pinto, M. 2007. Effect of drought stress on the osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity and cell volume of six cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Europ. J. Agron. 26, 30- 38. Murchie, E., Yang, H.J., Hubbart, S., Horton, P., Peng, S., 2002. Are there associations between grain-filling rate and photosynthesis in the flag leaves of field-grown rice? J. Exp. Bot. 53(378), 2217-2224. Plaut, Z. Butow B. J. and. Blumenthal, C. S. 2004 “Transport of dry matter into developing wheat kernels and its contribution to grain yield under post-anthesis water deficit and elevated temperature,” Field Crops Research, Vol. 86, No. 2-3, pp. 185-198. Pospisilova, J. 2003. Participation of phytohormones in the stomatal regulation of gas exchange during water stress. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 46 (4): 491-506. (36). Robert, H. and John, P. 2004. The physiology of crop yield. Second Edition. Sallah, P.Y.K., Antwi K.O. and Ewool, M.B. 2002. Potential of elite maize composites for drought tolerance in stress and non-drought stress environments. African Crop Sci. J., 10: 1–9. Satvir K., Anil, G. K. and Narinder, K.2000. Effect of GA3, kinetin and indole acetic acid on carbohydrate metabolism in chickpea seedlings germinating under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation 30: 61–70. Shaddad, M. A. K., M. Hamdia Abd El-Samad, and H. T. Mohammed. 2011. Interactive Effects of Drought Stress and Phytohormones or Polyamines on Growth and Yield of Two m (zea maize L.) Genotypes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2, 790-807. Singh G. and Gerung S.B. 1982. Hormonal role in the problem of sterility in Oryza sativa. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 9: 22–23. Uhart, S. A. and F. H. Andrade. 1995. Nitrogen deficiency in maize: II. Carbon - nitrogen interaction effects on kernel number and grain yield. Crop Sci. 35: 1384 -1389. Walker, M. A. and Dumbroff, B. 1981. “effect of salt stress on abscisic and cytokinin levels,” Zeitschrift für Pflanzen Physiologie, Vol. 101, p. 661. Wang Z, Yang, J. Zhu, Q. Zhang, Z. Lang, Y. Wang X. 1998. Reasons for poor grain filling in inter sub specific hybrid rice. Acta Agron. Sin. 24: 782–787. Yang J, Wang, Z. Zhu, Q. Lang Y. 1999. Regulation of ABA and GA to rice grain filling. Acta Agron. Sin. 25: 341–348. Yang, J., Zhang, J. Wang Z. and Zhu. Q. 2003. Hormones in the grains in relation to sink strength and post-anthesis development of spikelets in rice. Plant Growth Regulation 41: 185–195. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,053 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 994 |
||
