| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,251 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,917 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,571,200 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,693,518 |
اثرات کاربرد خارجی سدیم نیترو پروساید در افزایش تحمل به خشکی در دو ژنوتیپ ماریتیغال (Silybium marianum (L.) Gaertn.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84، مهر 1396، صفحه 636-648 اصل مقاله (733.82 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.108603.1906 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسماعیل زنگانی* 1؛ سعید زهتاب سلماسی2؛ بابک عندلیبی3؛ عباسعلی زمانی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سدیم نیتروپروساید بر افزایش تحمل به خشکی در ماریتیغال (Silybium marianum (L.) Gaertn.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1393 انجام شد. در این آزمایش سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) در سه سطح صفر، 100 و 200 میکرومول در لیتر به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی، تنش خشکی در سه سطح شاهد و قطع آبیاری از مرحله ساقه‌روی و گرده‌افشانی تا پایان دوره رشد به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی و دو ژنوتیپ ماریتیغال (مجاری و ساری) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. با افزایش شدت خشکی سرعت فتوسنتز برگ حدود 45% نسبت به شاهد در هر دو ژنوتیپ کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد، در صورتی‌که با کاربرد 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید، فتوسنتز برگ تا حدود 80% و 100% به‌ترتیب در رقم مجاری و اکوتیپ ساری نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن در تنش ساقه‌روی افزایش معنی‌داری یافت. قطع آبیاری سبب کاهش معنی‌دار رنگریزه‌های فتوسنتزی در اکوتیپ ساری گردید، در صورتی‌که این کاهش در زمان تنش ساقه‌روی با کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید بهبود یافت. تنش خشکی در هر دو مرحله قطع آبیاری سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه در هر دو ژنوتیپ گردید، در حالی‌که با کاربرد خارجی 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید این کاهش به‌ویژه در اکوتیپ ساری جبران شد. همچنین قطع آبیاری عملکرد ماده مؤثره را کاهش داد ولی این کاهش به‌ویژه در مرحله تنش گرده‌افشانی با افزایش درصد سیلیمارین و عملکرد دانه تحت محلول‌پاشی با 100 میکرومولار SNP جبران گردید. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که غلظت 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید در محافظت از گیاه ماریتیغال با افزایش شدت خشکی و کشت این گیاه در سیستم‌های کمبود آب مؤثر می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکسید نیتریک؛ سرعت فتوسنتز؛ سیلیمارین؛ قطع آبیاری؛ محتوای نسبی آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Enhancement of drought stress tolerance in two genotypes of milk thistle (Silybium marianum (L.) Gaertn.) by exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| E. Zangani1؛ S. Zehtab Salmasi2؛ B. Andalibi3؛ A.A. Zamani4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To evaluate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on tolerance enhancement towards drought in Milk thistle (Silybium marianum (L.) Gaertn.), an experiment was conducted in a split split plot restriction in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was conducted in the research field of the University of Zanjan in 2014. Sodium nitroprusside at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 µmol l-1 was considered as the main factor, while drought stress at three levels of control and withholding irrigation at stem elongation and anthesis stages were regarded as sub factors. Finally, two genotypes of milk thistle (Hungarian and sari) comprised sub-sub factors. With increasing drought severity, leaf photosynthesis rate decreased significantly up to 45 percent compared with the control in both genotypes. Application of 100 µM SNP increased the leaf photosynthesis during stem elongation by roughly 80 and 100 percent in the Hungarian cultivar and Sari ecotype, respectively compared to non-application of SNP. Drought stress significantly decreased the pigment content in Sari ecotype, while this decrease was compensated by applying SNP during stem elongation. Drought stress in both stages of irrigation withholding reduced the grain yield in both genotypes. However, the exogenous application of 100 µM SNP compensated the reduction of grain yield, particularly in Sari ecotype. In addition, withholding of irrigation reduced the active ingredient yield; however, this reduction was compensated by increasing the content of silymarin and grain yield especially in the stage of anthesis stress with application of 100 µM SNP. Research findings showed that concentration of 100 µM SNP was more efficient to protect the milk thistle with increasing drought severity and cultivation of this plant in the water deficit systems. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| nitric oxide, photosynthesis rate, silymarin, withholding irrigation, relative water content | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abreu, I.N. and Mazzafera, P., 2005. Effect of water and temperature stress on the content of active constituents of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 43(3): 241-248. - Alkire, B.H., Simon, J.E., Palevtich, D. and Putievsky, E., 1993. Water management for Midwestern peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) growing in highly organic soils, Indiana, USA. Acta Horticulture, - Alonso, R., Elvira, S., Castillo, F.J. and Gimeno, B.S., 2001. Interactive effects of ozone and drought stress on pigments and activities of antioxidative enzymes in Pinus helepensis. Plant Cell Environment, - Arab, S., Baradaran Firouzabadi, M. and Asghari, H.R., 2016. The effect of ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside foliar application on photosynthetic pigments and some traits of spring safflower under water deficit stress. Journal of Plant Production, 38(4): 93-104. - Arasimowicz, M. and Floryszak-Wieczorek, J., 2007. Nitric oxide as a bioactive signaling molecule in plant stress responses. Plant Science, 172: 876-887. - Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C., 2013. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview. Photosynthica, 51(2): 163-190. - Ashraf, M.Y., Azim, A.R., Khan, A.H. and Ala, S.A., 1994. Effect of water stress on total phenols, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content in wheat. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 16: 185-191. - Belitz, A.R. and Sams, C.E., 2007. The effect of population density on growth, yield, & flavonolignan content in milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Acta Horticulture, 756: 251-257. - Chastain, D.R., Snider, J.L., Collins, G.D., Perry, C.D., Whitaker, J. and Byrd, S.A., 2014. Water deficit in field-grown Gossypium hirsutum primarily limits net photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal conductance, incr. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(17): 1576-1585. - Din, J., Khan, S.U., Ali, I. and Gurmani, A.R., 2011. Physiology and agronomic response of canola varieties to drought stress. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 21: 78-82. - Egilla, J.N., Davies, J.R. and Boutton, T.W., 2005. Drought stress influences leaf water content, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis at three potassium concentrations. Photosynthetica, 43: 135-140. - Fan, H.F., Guo, Sh., Jiao, Y., Zhang, R. and Li, J., 2007. Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on growth, active oxygenspecies metabolism, and photosynthetic characteristics in cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 1: 308-314. - Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A. and Rehman, H., 2009. Exogenously applied nitric oxide enhances the drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 195: 254-261. - Flora, K., Hahn, M., Rosen, H. and Benner, K., 1998. Milk thistle (silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 93(2): 139-143. - Gan, L., Wu, X. and Zhong, Y., 2015. Exogenously applied nitric oxide enhances the drought tolerance in hulless barley. Plant Production Science, 18(1): 52-56. - Garcia-Mata, C. and Lamattina, L., 2001. Nitric oxide induces stomatal closure and enhances the adaptive plant responses against drought stress. Plant Physiology, 126: 1196-1204. - Garg, B.K., 2003. Nutrient uptake and managment under drought: nutrient-moisture interaction. Current Agriculture, 27: 1-8. - Geneva, M., Zehirov, G., Stancheva, I., Iliev, L. and Georgiev, G., 2008. Effect of soil fertilizer, foliar fertilizer, and growth regulator application on milk thistle development, seed yield, and silymarin content. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 39: 17-24. - Graziano, M., Beligni, M.V. and Lamattina, L., 2002. Nitric oxide improves internal iron availability in plants. Plant Physiology, 16: 1852-1859. - Hammouda, F.M., Ismail, S.I., Hassan, N.M., Zaki, A.K. and Kamel, A., 1993. Evaluation of the silymarin content in Silybum marianum Gaertn. cultivated under different agriculture conditions. Phytotherapy Research, 7: 90-91. - Hendawy, S.F., Hussein, M.S., Youssef, A.A. and EL-Mergawi, R.A., 2013. Respnse of Silybum marianum plant to irrigation intervals combined with fertilization. Nusant Ara Bioscience, 5: 22-29. - Keshavarz Afshar, R., Chaichi, M.R., Ansari, M., Jahanzad, E. and Hashemi, M., 2015. Accumulation of silymarin in milk thistle seeds under drought stress. Planta, 242(3): 539-543. - Keshavarz Afshar, R., Chaichi, M.R., Assareh, M.H., Hashemi, M. and Liaghat, A., 2014. Interactive effect of deficit irrigationand soil organic amendments on seed yield and flavonolignan production of milk thistle. Industrial Crops and Products, 58:166-172. - Keshavarz Afshar, R, Hashemi, M., DaCosta, M., Spargo, J. and Sadeghpour, A., 2016. Biochar application and drought stress effect on physiological characteristics of silybum marianum. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47(6): 743-752. - Kim, J.H. and Lee, C.H., 2005. In vivo deleterious effects specific to reactive oxygen species on photosystem II. after photooxidative treatment of rice leaves. Plant Science, 168: 1115-1125. - Kvasnicka, F., Biba, B., Sevick, R., Voldrich, M. and Kratka, J., 2003. Analysis of the active components of silymarin. Journal of Chromatography A, 990: 239-245. - Laspina, N.V., Groppa, M.D., Tomaro, M.L. and Benavides, M.P., 2005. Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Plant Science, 169: 323-330. - Leshem, Y.Y. and Haramaty, E., 1996. The characterization and contrasting effects of the nitric oxide free radical in vegetative stress and senescence of Pisum sativum L. foliage. Journal of Plant Physiology, 148: 258-263. - Meidner, H., 1981. Class Experiments in Plant Physiology. British Library Catalogaing in Publication Data, Londan, 169p. - Misra, A.N., Misra, M. and Singh, R., 2011. Nitric oxide ameliorates stress responses in plants. Plant Soil Environment, 57(3): 95-100. - Morazzoni, P. and Bombard, E., 1995. Silybum marianum (Carduusmarianus). Fitoterapia, 66: 3-42. - Moussavi-Nik, S.M., Salari, M., Mobasser, H.R. and Bijeh keshavarzi, M.H., 2011. The effect of different irrigation intervals and mineral nutrition on seed yield of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi). Annals of Biological Research, 2(6): 692-698. - Nasibi, F., 2011. Effect of different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) pretreatment on oxidative damages induced by drought stress in tomato plant. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 3(9): 63-74. - Neill, S., Barros, R., Bright, J., Desikan, R., Hancock, J., Harrison, J., Morris, P., Rieeiro, D. and Wilson, I., 2008. Nitic oxide, stomatal closure and abiotic stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59: 165-176. - Neill, S., Desikan, R. and Hancock, J.T., 2003. Nitric oxide signalling in plants. New Phytologist, 159: 11-35. - Perez, J.G., Syvertsen, J.P., Botia, P. and Garcia-sanchez, F., 2007. Leaf water relations and net gas exchange responses and salinized zocarricitrange seedlings during drought stress and recovery. Annals of Botany, 100: 335-345. - Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. and Vivekanandan, M., 2004. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161: 1189-1202. - Sarath, G., Bethke, P.C., Jones, J., Baird, L.M., Hou, G. and Mitchell, R.B., 2006. Nitric oxide accelerates seed germination in warm-season grasses. Planta, 223: 1154-1164. - Selmar, D. and Kleinwächter, M., 2013. Influencing the product quality by deliberately applying drought stress during the cultivation of medicinal plants. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 558-566. - Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S., 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation, 46: 209-221. - Simpson, G.G., 2005. No flowering. Bioessays, 27: 239-245. - Stoiljkovic, Z., Petrovic, S.D. and Ilic, B.S., 2007. Examination of localization of silymarin and fatty oil in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruit. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 13(2): 55-59. - Tan, J., Zhao, H., Hong, J., Han, Y. and Zhao, W., 2008. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity and proline accumulation in wheat seedlings subjected to osmotic stress. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(3): 307-313. - Tian, X. and Lei, Y., 2006. Nitric oxide treatment alleviates drought stress in wheat seedlings. Biologia Plantarum, 50: 775-778. - Tu, J., Shen, W.B. and Xu, L.L., 2003. Regulation of nitric oxide on aging processes of wheat leaves. Acta Botanica Sinica, 45: 1057-1061. - Wahid, A. and Rasul, E., 2005. Photosynthesis in leaf, stem, flower and fruit: 479-497. In: Pessarakli, M., (Ed.). Handbook of Photosynthesis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 952p. - Xiong, J., Zhang, L., Fu, G., Yang, Y., Zhu, C. and Tao, L., 2012. Drought-induced proline accumulation isuninvolved with increased nitric oxide, which alleviates drought stress by decreasing transpiration in rice. Journal of Plant Research, 125: 155-164. - Yang, W., Sun, Y., Chen, S., Jlang, J., Chen, F., Fang, W. and Liu, Z., 2010. The effect of exogenously applied nitric oxide on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in heat stressed chrysanthemum. Biologia Plantarum, 54: 1-4. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,519 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,012 |
||