| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,978 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,440 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,909,348 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,408,930 |
تأثیر قارچ مایکوریزا بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی خارمریم (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) تحت تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84، مهر 1396، صفحه 620-635 اصل مقاله (315.99 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.107860.1877 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب مزارعی1؛ علیرضا سیروس مهر* 2؛ زهرا بابایی1 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تنش کمبود آب به‌طور دائم یا موقت، در رشد و توزیع پوشش طبیعی گیاهان بیشتر از سایر عوامل محیطی محدودکننده است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر قارچ‌های آربوسکولار مایکوریزا و تنش خشکی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه خارمریم (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)، آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در چاه نیمه انجام شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری براساس 100% ظرفیت مزرعه به‌عنوان شاهد، 60% و 30% ظرفیت مزرعه) و سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا Glomus mosseae، Glomus versiformis و Glomus intraradices و بدون تلقیح به‌عنوان شاهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که پس از آغاز تیمارهای خشکی، خصوصیات رویشی مانند تعداد کاپیتول، تعداد دانه در کاپیتول، وزن هزاردانه، تعداد و مساحت سطح برگ، طول ریشه، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه با افزایش خشکی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. محتوای نسبی آب برگ در اثر خشکی به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت و از 77.3 در شاهد به 57.01 در 30% FC کاهش یافت. همچنین با افزایش تنش خشکی میزان فسفر برگ کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم برگ افزایش یافت. در پاسخ به تنش خشکی، فرایندهای تنظیم اسمزی در گیاهان ماریتیغال فعال شد و میزان پرولین در برگ‌ها افزایش (بیشترین مقدار 0.13 میلی‌گرم بر گرم بافت در آبیاری 30% FC) یافت ولی درصد سیلیمارین در آبیاری کامل از 16.35% به 10.24% در آبیاری 30% FC کاهش یافت. تلقیح با قارچ مایکوریزا شاخص‌های رشد رویشی، درصد سیلیمارین (بیشترین میزان در کاربرد G. mosseae و کمترین در شاهد)، محتوای نسبی آب گیاه و محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم برگ گیاه خارمریم را در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد، ولی میزان پرولین برگ کمتر شد. به‌طور کلی، کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا سبب افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی در گیاه خارمریم شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پرولین؛ سیلیمارین؛ فسفر؛ کاپیتول؛ گیاه دارویی؛ مایکوریزا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some morphological & physiological charactristics of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) under drought stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Mazaraei1؛ A.R. Sirousmehr2؛ Z. Babaei1 | ||
| 1MSc. student, Department of Agronomy, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Drought stress, temporally or permanently, is a more limiting factor in growth and distribution of vegetation cover than other environmental factors. In order to study the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal and drought stress on growth and yield of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), a pot experiment was performed as factorial based on completely randomized design in three replications in the research greenhouse of Chahnimeh at the University of Zabol. Drought stress consisted of two levels including %60 and %30 of field capacity and full irrigation as control treatment. Three mycorrhizal fungi including Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiformis, and Glomus intraradices were investigated. The results showed that after starting of drought stress, vegetative characteristics such as number of capituls, number of seeds in capitul, 1000 seeds weight, leaf number and area, root length, number of minor branches, plant height, and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, significantly decreased with increasing drought stress. RWC of leaf was intensely affected by drought and decreased from 77.3 in control treatment to 57.01 in 30% of field capacity irrigation treatment. In addition, with increasing drought stress, the amount of phosphorus in leaves decreased and the amount of potassium increased. Osmotic adjustment in Milk thistle was increased in response to drought stress and leaf proline content increased (the highest 0.13 mg/g tissue in 30% of field capacity treatment); however, silimarin content decreased from 16.35 in full irrigation to 10.24 in 30% of field capacity treatment. Inoculation with VAM significantly increased vegetative indices, silimarin content (the highest in G. mosseae application and the lowest in control), plant RWC, and leaf content of P and K under drought stress conditions compared to uninoculated plants; however, the leaf proline content was low. In general, application of mycorrhizae fungi increased drought stress resistance in Milk thistle. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Proline, silimarin, Phosphorus, capitul, herbal plant, mycorrhiza | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Ahmadi, A. and Siuise marde, S., 2004. Effects of water stress on soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll and proline in wheat cultivars adapted to different climatic conditions of Iran. Iran Agricultural Sciences, 35(3): 753-763. - Ahmed, S., Nawata, E., Hosokawa, M., Domae, Y. and Sakuratani, T., 2002. Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activities of mung bean subjected to water logging. Journal Plant Science, 163: 117-123. - Aliabadi Farahani, H., Valadabadi, S.A., Daneshian, J. and Khalvati, M.A., 2009. Evaluation changing of essential oil of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3: 329-333. - Amirideh ahmadi, S., Rezvani moghadam, P. and Ahyaei, H., 2012. Effects of drought stress on some morphological traits and yield of three medicinal plants (Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Anethum graveolens) in a greenhouse. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 10: 126-116. - Arazmjo, A., Hedari, M., Ghanbari, A., Siasar, B. and Ahmadian, A., 2010. The effect of three types of fertilizers on essential oil, chamomile under drought stress on photosynthetic pigments and osmotic adjustment. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 3(1): 23-33. - Auge, R.M., 2000. Stomatal behavior of arbuscular mycorrhizal plant: 201-237. In: Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D.D., (Eds.). Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 365p. - Babaie, K., Amini, A., Modares Sanavi, A. and Gabari, R., 2010. Effect of drought stress on morphological characteristics, amount proline and percent thymol (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2): 239-251. - Bandurska, H. and Jozwiak, W., 2010. A comparison of the effects of drought on proline accumulation and peroxidases activity in leaves of Festuca rubra L. and Lolium perenne L. Department of Plant Physiology, 79(2): 111-116. - Barker, D.J., Sulivan, C.Y. and Moser, R.C., 1993. Water deficit effects on osmotic potential, cell wall elasticity, and proline in five forage grasses. Agronomy Journal, 85: 270-275. - Belitz, A.R. and Sams, C.E., 2007. The effect ofpopulation density on growth, yield, & flavonolignan content in milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Acta Horticulture, 756: 251-257. - Blumwald, E., Aharon, G.S. and Apse. M.P., 2000. Sodium transport in plant cells. Biochemical and Biophysica Acta, 1465: 140-151 - Bolan, N.S., 1991. A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants. Plant and Soil, 134: 189-207. - Bryla, D.R. and Duniway, J.M., 1997. The influence of the mycorrhiza Glomus etunicatum on drought acclimation in safflower and wheat. Plant and Soil, 104: 87-96. - Chabak, B., 1996. Assess the physiological indexes of drought resistance in white peas. Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Karaj. - Diedderichs, C., 1990. Improved growth of (Cajanus cajan) millps. In anusterile tropical soil by three mycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil, 123: 261-266. - Emami, A., 1996. Analytical methods for plant analyses. Soil & Water Research Institute, Research Department, Agricultural Education & Development, Iran, Technical Report, 1: 147-153. - Gadkar, V., David-Schwartz, R., Kunik, T. and Kapulnik, Y., 2001. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. Factors involved in host recognition. Plant Physiology, 127: 1493-1499. - Giri, M.L. Prasad, A., Ram, M. and Kumar, S., 2003. Effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology, 81: 77-79. - Ghorbanli, M. and Niakan, M., 2005. Effects of water stress on soluble sugars, protein, proline, phenolic compounds & nitrate reductase activity of soybean Gorgan 3. Journal of Science (Kharazmi University), 2: 537-550. - Gong, Q., Xu, D., Zhong, C. and Dale, R., 2000. Study on biodiversity of mycorrhiza and its application. Chinese Forest Press, Beijing, 14-49. - Hasani, A., 2006. The effect of water stress on growth, yield and essential oil of Badrashbu. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(3): 256-261. - Karimzadeh, G., Omidbaigi, R. and Bakhshi, D., 2001. Influence of irrigation & row spacing on the growth, seed yield & active substances of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). International Journal of Horticultural Science, 7: 78-81. - Khaladbarin, B. and Eslam-zade, T., 2001. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (Translation). Shiraz University Press, 432p. - Kochaki, A., Rashed, M.H., Nasiri, M. and Sadr Abadi, R., 1995. Principles of Physiological Growth and Development of Crops (Translation). Imam Reza University Press, Mashhad, 404p. - Kothamasi, D., Chander kuhad, R. and Babu, C.R., 2001. Arbuscular mycorrhiza in plant survival strategies. Tropical Ecology, 42(1): 1-13. - Kristek, S., Kristek, A. and Pavlovic, H., 2005. The influence of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus sp.) on field pea plant survival and growth in drought caused stress conditions. Plant, Soil and Environment, 51: 385-389. - Kucey, R.M.N. and Janzen, H.H., 1987. Effects of VAM and reduced nutrient availability on growth and phosphorus and micronutrient uptake of wheat and field beans under greenhouse conditions. Plant and Soil, 104: 71-78. - Kumar Kalla, P., Chitti, S., Aghamirzaei, S.T., Senthilkumar, R. and Arjunan, S., 2014. Anti-cancer activity of silymarin on MCF-7 & NCIH-23 cell lines. Advance in Biological Research, 8: 57-61. - Lebaschi, M.H. and Shariphi-Ashorabadi, A., 2004. Indexes Growth of some species of medicinal plants in various conditions of water stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 20(3): 249-261. - Levitt, J., 1980. Response of Plants to Environmental Stresses (Vol. 2): Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses. Academic Press, New York, 650p. - Liu, T., Sheng, M., Wang, C.Y., Chen, H., Li, Z. and Tang, M., 2015. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth, water status, and photosynthesis of hybrid poplar under drought stress and recovery. Photosynthetica, 53(2): 250-258. - Lobato, A.K.S., Oliveira Neto, C.F., Santos Filho, B.G., Costa, R.C.L., Cruz, F.J.R., Neves, H.K.B. and Lopes, M.J.S., 2008. Physiological and biochemical behavior in soybean (Glycine max cv. sambaiba) plants under water deficit. Australian Journal Crop Science, 2: 25-32. - Lutts, S.J., Kint, M. and Bouharmont, J., 1996. Effect of various salts and mannitol onion and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice callus cultures. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149: 186-195. - Maggio, A.M., Christopher, J., Voil, P. and Hammer, G.L., 2001. The role of root architectural traits in adaptation of wheat to water-limited environments. Functional Plant Biology, 33: 823–837. - Mishra, S. and Dubey, R.S., 2006. Heavy metal uptake and detoxification mechanisms in plants. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(2): 122-141. - Mohammad‚ M.J. Malkawi‚ H.I. and Shibli‚ R., 2003. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and phosphorus fertilization on growth and nutrient uptake of barely grown on soils with different levels of salt. Journal of plant nutrition, 26(1): 125-137 - Munne-Bosch, S. and Alegre, L., 2004. Die and let live: leaf senescence contributes to plants survival under drought stress. Functional Plant Biology, 31(3): 203-216. - Niakan, M. and Ghorbanli, M., 2007. Effects of water stress on growth indices, factors in photosynthesis, protein and ion content in aerial and underground parts of two soybean cultivars. Rostaniha, 8: 17-29. - Nuolaeny, N., Marschner, H. and George, E., 1996. Effects of liming and Mycorrhizal colonization on soil phosphate depletion and phosphate uptake by maize (Zea mays) and soybean (clycine max) grow in two trapical acid soil. Plant and Soil, 181: 275-285. - Ortus, I. and Harris, P.J., 1996. Enhancment uptak of phosphorus by mycorrhizal sorgohum plant as in fluenced by forms of nitrogen. Plant and Soil, 184: 225-264 - Paknezhad, F., 2005. Effects of water stress on indices, physiological function and yield components of wheat cultivars. Thesis Ph.D., Islamic Azad University, Science and Research. - Panwar, J.D.S., 1993. Response of VAM & azospirillum inoculation to water status & grain yield in wheat under water stress conditions. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 36: 41-43. - Parra-Lobato, M.C., Fernandez-Garcia, N., Olmos, E., Alvares-Tinaut, M. and GomezJimenez, C., 2009. Methyl jasmonate-induced antioxidant defence in root apoplast from sunflower seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66: 9-17. - Perry, D.A., 1991. Methodology and Application of Vigour Tests. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland, 275p. - Piotrowska, A., Bajguz, A., GodlewskaZylkiewicz, B. and Czerpak, R., 2009. Jasmonic acid modulator of lead toxicity in aquatic plant Wolffia arrhiza (Lemnaceae). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66: 507-513. - Pirzad, A., Alyari, H., Shakiba, M.R., Zehtab Salmasi, S. and Mohammadi, A., 2006. Essential oil content & composition of German chamomile (Matriciria chamomilla L.) at different irrigation regimes. Agronomy Journal, 5: 451-455. - Porcel, R., Barea, J.M. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M., 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, & oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 1743-1750. - Possingham, J.V. and Groot Obbink, J., 1971. Endotrophic mycorrhiza and the nutrition of grape vines. Vitis 10: 120-130. - Prochazka, S., Machaackova, I., Kreekule, J. and Sebanek, J., 1998. Plant Physiology. Academia, Praha, 484p. - Rabeie, V., 2003. Responses physiological and morphological some grape varieties to drought stress. Ph.D Thesis Horticultural. - Raju P.S., Clark, R.B., Ellis, J.R. and Maranville, J.W., 1990. Effects of species of VAmycorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral uptake of sorghum at different temperatures. Plant and Soil, 121: 165-170. - Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. and Vivekanandan, M., 2004. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161(11): 1189-1202. - Ruiz-Lozano, J.M., 2003. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis & alleviation of osmotic stress, new perspectives for molecular studies. Mycorrhiza, 13: 309-317. - Selvaraj, T., Mathan, C. and Rajeshkumar, N.C., 2009. Effect of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some growth parameters and phytochemical constituents of Pogostemon patchouli Pellet. Maejo International Journal Science Technology, 3(10): 222-234. - Shi, M., Kwok, K.W. and Wu, J.Y., 2007. Enhancement of tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (red or Chinese sage) hairyroot culture by hyperosmotic stress & yeast elicitor. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 46: 191-196. - Shirani, F.J., De Ander, E.F., Tenorio, J.L. and Ayerbe, L., 2000. Growth of epicotyls, turgor maintenance and osmotic adjustment in pea plants (Pisum sativum) subjected to water stress. Field Crops Research, 86: 81-90. - Soltanian, M. and Tadayyon, A., 2015. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some agronomiccharacteristics of linseed (Linum ussitatissimum L.) under droughtstress in Shahrekord region. Journal of Plant Production Research, 5(15): 147-156. - Song, H., 2005. Effects of VAM on host plant in the condition of drought stress & its Mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biology, 1(3): 44-48. - Subramanian, K.S. and Charest, C., 1997. Nutritional, growth & reproductive responses of maize (Zea mays L.) to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation during & after drought stress at tasselling. Mycorrhiza, 7: 25-32. - Topp, G.G. and Davies, J.L., 1985. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) & its application to irrigationscheduling. Advances in Irrigation, 3: 107-127. - Turtola, S., Manninen, A., Rikala, R. and Kainulainen, P., 2003. Drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in scots pine & Norway spruce seedling. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29: 1981-1995. - Zabet, M., Hosein zade, A.H., Ahmadi, A. and Khialparast, F., 2003. Effect of water stress on different traits and determination of the best water stress index in mung bean (Vigna radiata). Iranian Journal Agriculture Science, 34: 889-898. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,109 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,081 |
||