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تأثیر کودهای زیستی بر میزان و عملکرد اسانس و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه نعناع (Mentha spicata L.) در شرایط کم‌آبیاری | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 81، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 112-125 اصل مقاله (296.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.109716 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اختر زند1؛ حسین آرویی* 2؛ محمدرضا چائی چی3؛ سید حسین نعمتی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خشکی مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولید محصولات زراعی به‌ویژه در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک دنیا می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کود بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس در نعناع (Mentha spicata L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در کرج انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تیمار آبیاری (تأمین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و چهار رژیم کود شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف کود)، کود شیمیایی (اوره و سوپرفسفات‌تریپل)، کود زیستی (ترکیبی از باکتری‌های ازتوباکتر، سودوموناس و قارچ مایکوریزا) و تلفیق کود زیستی+ 50% کود شیمیایی به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که اثرات اصلی و متقابل کم‌آبیاری و کود بر همه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار می‌باشد. با افزایش شدت تنش، میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئید، کلروفیل کل، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد خشک گیاه کاهش و مقادیر کربوهیدرات، پرولین و درصد نشت الکترولیت افزایش یافت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در نظام آبیاری 100% و تأمین 75% نیاز آبی گیاه، کاربرد کود شیمیایی و تلفیقی باعث بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد خشک و درصد و عملکرد اسانس شد و در نظام کم‌آبیاری شدید (تأمین 50% نیاز آبی گیاه)، کاربرد کود زیستی بهتر از سایر کودها عمل کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نعناع (Mentha spicata L.)؛ کم‌آبیاری؛ کود زیستی؛ اسانس؛ پرولین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of bio-fertilizers on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage and yield of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) under deficit irrigation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Zand1؛ H. Aroiee2؛ M.R. Chaichi3؛ S.H. Nemati2 | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water scarcity adversely affects many physiological and metabolic processes of the plants. To study the effects of drought stress and fertilization on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage and yield of spearmint, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included three irrigation treatments (100%, 75% and 50% of plant water requirement) as the main plot and four fertilizer regimes including no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer (N+P), bio-fertilizer (rhizome inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and mycorrhiza) and integration of biological fertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer as the sub-plot. The results showed that all traits measured were significantly affected by the main and interaction effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total chlorophyll, percentage and yield of essential oil and yield decreased with increasing water stress while the rate of carbohydrate and proline as well as the electrolyte leakage percentage increased. Furthermore, the results showed that under 100% and 75% irrigation systems, application of chemical and integrated fertilizers improved the physiological characteristics, yield and percentage and yield of essential oil. Under 50% irrigation regime, the best performance was related to bio fertilizer. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.), Deficit Irrigation, bio-fertilizer, essential oil, Proline | ||
| مراجع | ||
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