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کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی سیب زمینی با استفاده از عوامل بیوکنترل انتخابی (مقالهی انگلیسی) | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 84، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 103، اسفند 1395، صفحه 11-20 اصل مقاله (282.87 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2017.108122 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| جهانشیر امینی* | ||
| دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی سیب زمینی از عوامل محدود کننده کشت و تولید سیب زمینی است. در این تحقیق 14 عامل کنترل کننده زیستی از هفت گونه متفاوت شامل Trichoderma harzianum، Trichoderma deliquescens، Fusarium oxysporum، Talaromyces flavus، Bacillus subtilis، Pseudomonas fluorescens و Serratia marcescens به منظور بررسی فعالیت ضد قارچی در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه بر علیه قارچ بیمارگر Verticillium dahliae مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. مکانیسم تاثیر آنتاگونیستی عوامل بیوکنترل علیه قارچ بیمارگر به روشهای کشت متقابل، تولید مواد فرار و مایع خارج سلولی بررسی گردید. تمام عوامل بیوکنترل سبب کاهش قابل توجهی از رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر در شرایط آزمایشگاه شدند. جدایه های T. flavus بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی (7/66 – 4/65 درصد) به روش کشت متقابل روی قارچ بیمارگر ایجاد کردند. توانایی عوامل بیوکنترل در تولید سیدروفور، پروتئاز، سیانید هیدروژن و اندول استیک اسید نیز متفاوت بود. نتایج آزمایشات گلخانه ای بعد از 75 روز نشان داد تمام عوامل بیوکنترل سبب کاهش شدت بیماری و تغییر رنگ آوند در گیاهان تیمار شده به میزان متفاوتی شدند. بر این اساس، جدایه T. flavus TFPV24 بیشترین تاثیر را در کاهش شدت بیماری (76%) و تغییر رنگ آوند داشت و باعث افزایش محصول (171%) در مقایسه با شاهد گردید. بطور کلی جدایه های T. flavus در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه بیشترین و باکتری S. marcescens SMTR کمترین تاثیر آنتاگونیستی را روی کنترل قارچ بیمارگر داشتند. بنابراین، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد جدایه هایT. flavus توانایی کنترل زیستی بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی سیب زمینی را دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک؛ پژمردگی سیب زمینی؛ Talaromyces flavus؛ Fusarium oxysporum | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biocontrol of Verticillium wilt of potato caused by Verticillium dahliae using selected biocontrol agents (Article in English) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| J. AMINI | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Verticillium wilt of potato is a major limiting factor in potato production. In this study, a total of 14 biocontrol agents, consisting of seven different species (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma deliquescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serratia marcescens), were examined for antifungal activity in vitro and greenhouse conditions against Verticillium dahliae which cause potato wilt disease. Antagonistic effects of biocontrol agents were evaluated against V. dahliae, through volatile and non-volatile metabolite production mechanisms in in vitro. All antagonists caused significant reduction in growth of V. dahliae compared to control. The maximum antagonistic properties were observed in isolates of T. flavus with inhibition zones ranging from 65.4 to 66.7% by dual culture method. The ability of biocontrol agents were varied in production of siderophore, protease, cyanide hydrogen and indole acetic acid. Results of the greenhouse study in 75 days after sowing indicated that all biocontrol agents reduced disease severity and vascular discoloration of Verticillium wilt at different rates. Accordingly, Trichoderma flavus TFPV24 was the most effective in reducing disease severity and vascular discoloration of potato Verticillium wilt by 76% and increasing yield by 171% compared to the untreated control. In general, in both in vitro and greenhouse assay, isolates of T. flavus were the most effective antagonist and the least antagonistic effect belonged to Serratia marcescens. The overall results of this study showed that isolates of T. flavus have high efficacy in controlling potato Verticillium wilt. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| biocontrol, Verticillium wilt, Talaromyces flavus, Fusarium oxysporum | ||
| مراجع | ||
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