The effects of several levels of grape pomace extract on in vitro intestinal digestibility of dairy cow | ||
| علوم دامی | ||
| Article 2, Volume 28, Issue 106, June 2015, Pages 13-28 PDF (1.22 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/asj.2015.101344 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohamad javad Abarghoyi; Yousef Rouzbehan* | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different doses of grape pomace extract (GE) on ruminal degradation and post-ruminal digestion of basal diet in dairy cow using a modified two-step in vitro method. The VFA, ammonia production and protozoa population determined. Six levels of extract were used: GE0: basal diet, GE1, GE2, GE3, GE4, GE5 contains 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 µl extract/50 ml inoculum respectively. Ruminal degradation of DM (rdDM) in GE3, GE4, GE5 was lower comparing to GE0, but ruminal degradation of CP (rdCP) by adding GE was decreased. Digestibility of DM (tdDM) and CP (rdCP) in GE4 and GE5 diets were lower with comparing to GE0. Addition of GE increased the proportion of rumen escape CP (pdBCP) and degradability of bypass CP in HCl/pepsin (dBCP). The population of proteolytic bacteria only declined in GE4 and GE5 diets comparing to GE0. Total VFA, acetate concentrations and acetate propionate ratio were lower in GE3, GE4, GE5 diets compared to GE0. NH3-Nproduction, total number of protozoa, subfamily of Entodiniinae and genus of Dasytricha were decreased as the level of GE increased. With the By addition of GE, genus of Isotricha and subfamilies of Diplodiniinae and Ophrioscolecinae at the 12 and 24 h of incubation was lower than the control. In conclusion, GE supplementation has reduced protozoa population, NH3-N and protein degradation in the rumen and increased degradability of bypass CP | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Dairy cow; grape pomace; gas test; digestibility; protozoa and in vitro | ||
| References | ||
|
نوریان، ا. و روزبهان، ی. (1391). تاثیر عصاره گل گاوزبان بر تخمیر شکمبه ای، جمعیت پروتوزوآییوکاهش تولید متان به روش برونتنی. مجله علوم دامی ایران. دوره 43، شماره 2: ص 287-296. Abarghuei, M.J., Rouzbehan, Y. and Alipour, D. (2010) The influence of the grape pomace on the ruminal parameters of sheep. Livestock Science, 132: 73–79. Abarghuei, M.J., Rouzbehan, Y., Salem, A.Z.M. and Zamiri, M.J. (2013) Nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows fed pomegranate peel extract. Livestock Science, 157: 452–461. Adams, L.S., Seeram, N.P., Aggarwal, B.B., Takada, Y., Sand, D. and Heber, D. (2006) Pomegranate juice, total pomegranate ellagitannins, and punicalagin suppress inflammatory cell signaling in colon cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 980–985. Alipour, D. and Rouzbehan, Y. (2010) Effects of several levels of extracted tannin from grape pomace on intestinal digestibility of soybean meal. Livestock Science, 128: 87-91. Alipour, D. and Rouzbehan, Y. (2007) Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial biomass yield. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 137: 138–149. AOAC, (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, vol. I., 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. Benchaar, C., McAllister, T.A. and Chouinard, P.Y. (2008a). Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde, quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extract. Journal of Dairy Science, 91: 4765–4777. Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, T.A. and Beauchemin, K.A. (2008b) A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145: 209–228. Bickell, S.L., Durmic, Z., Blache, D., Vercoe, P.E. and Martin, G.B. (2010) Rethinking the management of health and reproduction in small ruminants. Updates on ruminant production and medicine. In: Wittwer, F.R.C., Contreras, H., Gallo, C., Kruze, J., Lanuza, F., Letelier, C., Monti, G., Noro, M. (Eds.), Proc. 26th World Buiatrics Congress, [Andros Impresoroes: Chile]. Santiago, Chile, pp. 317–325. Broderick, G.A. and Kang, J.H. (1980) Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63: 64-75. Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. (2006) Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 761–771.
Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. (2005) Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts and secondary plant metabolites on rumen microbial fermentation in continuous cultture. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123/124: 597–613. Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P.W., Castillejos, L. and Ferret, A. (2007) Invited Review: Essential Oils as Modifiers of Rumen Microbial Fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 2580–2595. Chiquette, J., Cheng, K.J., Rode, L.M. and Milligan, L.P. (1989) Effect of tannin content in two isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) on feed digestibility and rumen fluid composition in sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 69: 1031-1039. Cortes, J.E., Morenob, B., Pabn, M.L., Avila, P., Kreuzerd, M., Hess, H.D. and Carulla, J.E. (2009) Effects of purified condensed tannins extracted from Calliandra, Flemingia and Leucaena on ruminal and postruminal degradation of soybean meal as estimated in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 151: 194–204. Cottyn, B.G. and Boucque, C.V. (1968) Rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 16: 105-107. Dehority, B.A. (2003). Rumen Microbiology. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. Dentinho, M.T.P., Moreira, O.C., Pereira, M.S. and Bessa, R.J.B. (2007) The use a tannin crude extract from Citrus ladanifer L. to protect soya-bean meal protein from degradation in the rumen. Animal, 1: 645–650. Donovan, L.O. and Brooker, J.D. (2001) Effect of hydrolysable and condensed tannins on growth, morphology and metabolism of Streptococcus gallolyticus (S. caprinus) and Streptococcus bovis. Microbiology, 147: 1025–1033. Driedger, A. and Hatfield, E.E. (1972) Influence of tannins on the nutritive value of soy bean meal for ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, 34: 465-468. Durmic, Z. and Blache, D. (2012) Bioactive plants and plant products: Effects on animal function, health and welfare. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 176: 150–162. Frutos, P., Hervas, G., Giraldez, F.J., Fernadez, M. and Manteccon, A.R. (2000) Digestive utilization of quebracho-treated soya bean meal in sheep. Journal of Agriculture Science, 134: 101–108. Frutos, P., Hervas, G., Giraldez, F.J. and Mantecn, A.R. (2004) An in vitro study on the ability of polyethylene glycol to inhibit the effect of quebracho tannins and tannic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep, goats, cows and deer. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55: 1125–1132. Getachew, G., Pittroff, W., Putnama, D.H., Dandekar, A., Goyal, S. and DePeters, E.J. (2008) The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140: 444–461. Goel, G., Puniya, A.K., Aguliar, C.N. and Singh, K. (2005) Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds. Naturwissenschaften, 92: 497–503. Hart, K.J., Yanez-Ruiz, D.R., Duval, S.M., McEwan, N.R. and Newbold, C.J. (2008) Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 147: 8–35. Hervas, G., Frutos, P., Serrano, E., Mantecon, A.R. and Giraldez, F.J. (2000) Effect of tannic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Cambridge, 135: 305-310. Hindrichsen, I.K., Osuji, P.O., Odenyo, A.A., Madsena, J. and Hvelplund, T. (2002) Effects of supplementation of a basal diet of maize stover with different amounts of Leucaena diversifolia on intake, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and rumen parameters in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 98: 131–142. Jiménez-Peralta, F.S., Salem, A.Z.M., Mejia-Hernández, P., González-Ronquillo, M., lbarrán-Portillo, B., Rojo-Rubio, R. and Tinoco-Jaramillo, J.L. (2011) Influence of individual and mixed extracts of two tree species on in vitro gas production kinetics of a high concentrate diet fed to growing lambs. Livestock Science, 136: 192–200. Jones, G.A., McAllister, T.A., Muir, A.D. and Cheng, K.J. (1994) Effects of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) Condensed Tannins on Growth and Proteolysis by Four Strains of Ruminal Bacteria. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, 60(4): 1374-1378. Jones, W. and Mangan, J. (1977) Complexes of condensed tannins of sanfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) with fraction 1 leaf protein and submaxillary mucoprotein, and their reversal by polyethylene glycol and pH. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,28: 126–136. Makkar, H.P.S. (2000) Quantification of Tannins in Tree Foliage. A Laboratory Manual for the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Use of Nuclear and Related Techniques to Develop Simple Tannin Assays for Predicting and Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Feeding Ruminants on Tanniniferous Tree Foliage. Joint FAO/IAEA of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Animal Production and Health Sub-Programme, FAO/IAEA Working Document.IAEA, Vienna, Austria. Makkar, H.P.S. (2003) Effects and fate tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49: 241–256. Makkar, H.P.S., Sen, S., Blümmel, M., and Becker, K. (1998) Effects of fractions containing saponin from Yucca schidigera, Quillaja saponaria, and Acacia auriculo-formis on rumen fermentation. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46: 4324–4328. McSweeney, C.S., Palmer, B., McNeill, D.M. and Krause, D.O. (2001) Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 91: 83–93. Min, B.R., Attwood, G.T., Reilly, K., Sun, W., Peters, J.S., Barry, T.N. and McNabb, W.C. (2002) Lotus corniculatus condensed tannins decrease in vivo populations of proteolytic bacteria and affect nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of sheep. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48: 911–921. Min, B.R., Barry, T.N., Attwood, G.T. and McNabb, W.C. (2003) The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 106: 3–19. Mueller-Harvey, I. (2006) Review, Unraveling the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86: 2010–2037. Newbold, C.J., ElHassan, S.M., Wang, J., Ortega, M.E. and Wallace, R.J. (1997) Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition, 78: 237–249. Ngamsaeng, A. and Wanapat, M. (2006) Effects of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana) supplementation on rumen ecology, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility and voluntary feed intake in beef steers. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5: 445-452. NRC. (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl.Acad.Sci., Washington, DC. Oh, H.K., Jones, M.B. and Longhurst, W.M. (1968) Comparison of rumen microbial inhibition resulting from various essential oils isolated from relatively unpalatable plant species. Applied Microbiology, 16: 39–44. OJEU. (2003) Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition L268/236. Oliveira, R.A., Narciso, C.D., Bisinotto, R.S., Perdomo, M.C., Ballou, M.A., Dreher, M. and Santos, J.E.P. (2010) Effects of feeding polyphenols from pomegranate extract on health. Growth, nutrient digestion, and immunocompetence of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 4280–4291. Patra, A.K., Kamra, D.N. and Neeta Agarwal. (2006) Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 128: 276–291. Robertson, J.B. and Van Soest., P.J. (1981) The detergent system of analysis. In: James, W.P.T., Theander, O. (Eds.), The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food, vol. 158. Marcel Dekker, New York,NY, USA, Basel, Switzerland, Pp. 123 (Chapter 9). Rochfort, S., Parker, A., Frank R. and Dunshea, F.R. (2008) Plant bioactives for ruminant health and productivity. Phytochemistry, 69: 299–322. SAS. (2002) SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Ver 9.0.SAS Institute, Cary, N.C. USA.956 pp. Stürm, C.D., Tiemann, T.T., Lascano, C.E., Kreuzer, M. and Hess, H.D. (2007) Nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of tropical legumes mixtures with contrasting tannin contents. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 138: 29–46. Sliwiniski, B.J., Soliva, C.R., Machmuller, A. and Kreuzer, M. (2002) Efficacy of plant rich in secondary constituents modify rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 101: 101-114. Talebzadeh, R., Alipour, D., Saharkhiz, M.J., Azarfar, A. and Malecky, M. (2012) Effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora on in vitro rumen fermentation, protozoal population, growth and enzyme activity of anaerobic fungus isolated from Mehraban sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 172: 115-124. Tamminga, S. and Hobson, P.N. (1996) A review on environmental impacts of nutritional strategies in ruminants. Journal of Animal Science,74; 3112–3124. Tilley, J.M.A. and Terry, R.A. (1963) A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 18; 104–111. Tiemann, T.T., Cortes, J.E., Pabo, M.L., Hess, H.D., Kreuzer, M. and Carulla, J.E. (2010) In vitro evidence for the importance of cultivation conditions on the effects of Calliandra tannins on ruminal escape of soybean protein and its post-ruminal degradability. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 94: 225–230. Vaithiyanathan, S., Bhatta, R., Mishra, A.S., Prasad, R., Verma, D.L. and Singh, N.P. (2006) Effect of feeding graded levels of Prosopis cineraria leaves on rumen ciliate protozoa, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in lambs and kids. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 133: 117-191. Van Nevel, C.J. and Demeyer, D.I. (1988) Manipulation of rumen fermentation. Pages 387–443 in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem.Elsevier Science Publishing, New York, NY. Van Soest, P.J. (1994) Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991) Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and nonstarch poly-saccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597. Williams, A.G. and Coleman, G.S. (1991) The Rumen Protozoa. Springer-Verlag New York Inc., New York. Yanez Ruiz, D.R., Moumen, A., Martin Garcia, A.I. and Molina Alcaide, E. (2004) Ruminal fermentation and degradation patterns, protozoa population and urinary purine derivatives excretion in goats and wethers fed diets based on two-stage olive cake: effect of PEG supply. Journal of Animal Science, 85: 2023–2032. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,805 PDF Download: 1,199 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb