| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,219 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,690 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,563,414 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,843,553 |
بررسی کارآیی چند جدایهی بومی تریکودرما در کنترل بیولوژیک پوسیدگی ریشهی چغندرقند با عامل Pythium aphanidermatum در شرایط گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 1، شماره 1، شهریور 1392، صفحه 41-52 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2013.100598 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محبوبه عبدالهی1؛ فرخنده امتی2؛ مسعود ذاکر* 2 | ||
| 1دانشکدهی کشاورزی ، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شاهرود | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پوسیدگی پیتیومی ریشهی چغندرقند با عامل Pythium aphanidermatum یکی از بیماریهای مهم خسارتزای این محصول در ایران میباشد. کنترل شیمیایی این بیماری چندان موفقیتآمیز نبوده است، بنابراین کنترل آن با عوامل بیولوژیک از جمله جدایههای تریکودرما میتواند بهعنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای مدیریت این بیماری تلقی گردد. بررسی میزان کارآیی جدایههای تریکودرما در کنترل این بیماری در شرایط گلخانه طی پژوهشی در طول سالهای 87–1386 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی شاهرود انجام گرفت. از بین 22 جدایهی تریکودرمای بهدست آمده از مزارع چغندرکاری شهرستان شاهرود، تعداد 7 جدایه متعلق به چهار گونهی Trichoderma harzianum، T. longibrachatum، T. koningii و T. erinaceum که در روش کشت متقابل و تولید ترکیبات فرار و غیرفرار کارآیی خوبی در بازداری از رشد میسلیومی عامل بیماری از خود نشان داده بودند، جهت بررسیهای گلخانهای انتخاب شدند. از بین آنها گونهی T. erinaceum برای میکوفلور ایران جدید میباشد. در آزمایشات گلخانهای از دو روش اختلاط مایهی تریکودرما با خاک و آغشته نمودن بذور (بذرمال یا تیماربذر) استفاده شد. نتایج کلی این پژوهش نشان داد که پوشش دادن بذر چغندرقند با قارچ آنتاگونیست تریکودرما یا اضافه کردن آن به خاک تأثیر چشمگیری در کنترل بیماری در مقایسه با شاهد آلوده دارد. براساس نتایج کلی این پژوهش، جدایهی 2736 - T. harzianum بهترین تأثیر را درکنترل بیماری از خود نشان داد و در هر دو روش بهمیزان حدود 70 درصد قادر به کنترل بیماری بود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| چغندرقند؛ بیوکنترل؛ Trichoderma؛ پوسیدگی ریشه؛ Pythium aphanidermatum | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Efficacy of some native Trichoderma isolates in biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, the causal agent of sugar beet root rot under green house condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahbobeh Abdollahi1؛ Farkhondeh Ommati2؛ Masood Zaker2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pythium root rot of sugar beet caused by Pythium aphanidermatum is an important yield reducing disease in Iran and so far its chemical control has not been achieved successfully, therefore, alternative control measures including biological control might be effective in managing this disease. A green house study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of some native Trichoderma isolates in controlling this disease in Agricultural Research Center, Shahrood, Iran during 2007- 2008. Out of 22 Trichoderma isolates collected from sugar beet fields, seven isolates belonging to four species (Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachatum , T. erinaceum and T. koningii), among which T. erinaceum is a new species for Iran mycoflora and had previously performed effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen through dual culture and production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites were selected for green house evaluations using seed and soil treatment methods. Results of green house experiments during two years evaluations indicated significant reduction in seedling damping-off in potted plants treated with Trichoderma isolates either as seed or soil treatment (compared with untreated control). Plant growth promotion was also observed in plants treated with Trichoderma isolates in comparison with untreated control. Based on the overall results of this study, T. harzianum 2736 demonstrated the highest disease reduction (70%) in both methods. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| sugar beet, root rot, biocontrol, Trichoderma, Pythium aphanidermatum | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abada, K. A. 1994. Fungi causing damping off and root rot on Sugar beet and their biological control with Trichoderma harzianum. Agriculture Ecosystems and Enviromental. 51(3): 333-357. Abasi-Moghadam, A., Rastegar, M. F. & Gafarpour, B. 1998. Etiology of sugar beet root and crown rot caused in Khorasan. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Iran, 125. Ahmad, J. S. & Baker, R. 1988. Implications of rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma harzianum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 34(3): 229-234. Ambrosino, P., Scala ,V., Marra, R., Vinale, F., Soriente, I. Ferraioli, S. & Carbone, V. 2004. Extra cellular protein of Trichoderma harzianum to identify proteins bio technological value. Journal of Plant Pathology. 86(4, special issue): 95-300. Anonymous, 2009. Agricultural statistics, Field crops for 2007-2008. Ministery of Jihad-E-Agriculture. Ashrafizadeh, A., Etebarian, H. R. & Zamanizadeh, H. R. 2005. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for bio control of Fusarium wilt of Melon. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 41(1): 39-57. (In Persian with English summary). Behboodi, K., Sharifi-Tehrani, A., Hajarood, G. & Zaad, J. 2005. Antagonistic effects of Trichoderma species on Phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of pepper root and crown rot. Iranian journal of Plant Pathology. 41(3): 345-362. (In Persian with English summary). Bissett, J. 1991a. A revision of the genus Trichoderma II. inferageneric classification. Canadian Journal of Botany. 69: 2357-2372. Bissett, J. 1991b. A revision of the genus Trichoderma III. Section Pachybasidium. Canadian Journal of Botany. 69: 2373-2417. Burgess, D. R. & Hepworth, G. 1996. Biocontrol of Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia minor) in Sunflower by seed treatment with Gliocladium virense. Plant Pathology. 45: 58. Cook, R. J. 1994. Introduction of soil organisms to control root diseases. In: Pankhurst, C. E., Doube, B. M., Gupta, V. V. S. R. and Grace, P. R. (eds.), Soil Biota: Management in Sustainable Farming Systems. CSIRO. East Melbourne, Australia. pp. 13- 22. Davet, P. 1979. Technique pour 1 analyse des population de Trichoderma et de Gliocladium virense dar. lesol. Annual Phytopathology. 11: 529-533. Dick, M. W. 1990. Key to pythium. Reading University Press. UK. Elad, Y., Chet, I. & Katan, J. 1980. Trichoderma harzianum a bio control effective against Sclerotium rolfsi and Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology. 70:114-121. El-Mohamedy, R. S. R., Abd El-Samad, E. H., Hoda, A. M., Habib, T. & Fath El-Bab, S. H.2011. Effect of using bio-control agents on growth, yield, head quality and root rot control in broccoli plants grown under greenhouse conditions. International Journal of Academic Research. 3(2): 71-80. Gilman, J. C. & Abbott, E. V. 1927. A summary of the soil fungi. Iowa state College. Journal of Science. 1: 225-343. Gray, F. A. & Gerik, J. S. 1998. Biology and management of Sugar beet disease in the bighorn River Basins of Wyoming. university of Wyoming. Cooprative Extension Service Bulletin. B-1063. 23pp. Harman, G. E., Howell, C. R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. & Lorito, M. 2004. Trichoderma species–opportunistic, avirulent plant symbions. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2: 43-56. Jayaraj, J., Radhakrishnan, N. V. & Velazhahan, R. 2006. Development of formulations of Trichoderma harzianum strain M1 for control of damping-off of tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Archives of Phytopathology & Plant Protection. 39(1): 1-8. Jeffers, S. N. & Martin, S. B. 1986. Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species. Plant Disease. 70: 1038–1043. Karr, A., Wyllie, T. D., Moshtay, E. L., Beleid, F. & Novacky, A. 1986. Toxic, cytocalosmin–like component from Macrophomina phaseolina Phytopathology. 79: 1166. (Abstract). Kleifield, O. & Chet, I. 1992. Trichoderma harzianum: interaction with plants and effect on growth response. Plant and Soil. 144: 267–272. Lewis, J. A. & Papavizas, G. C. 1984. A new approach to stimulate population proliferation of Trichoderma species and other potential biocontrol fungi introduced into natural soils. Phytopathology. 74: 1240-1244. Lifshitz, R., Windha, M. T. & Baker, R. 1986. Mechanism of biological control of pre emergence damping-off of pea by seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology. 76: 720-725. Liu, J. B., Gilardi, G., Gullino, M. L. & Garibaldi, A. 2009. Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. obtained from re-used soilless substrates against Pythium ultimum on cucumber seedlings. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 116(4): 156–163. Naseby, D. C., Pascual, J. A. & Lynch, J. M. 2000. Effect of bio control strains of Trichoderma on plant growth, Pythium ultimum populations, soil microbial communities and soil Enzyme activities. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 88: 161-169. Omar, M. R., El-Samawaty, A. M. A. & El-Wakil, D. A. 2007. Suppression of Pythium ultimum Involved in Cotton Seedling Damping-off by Trichoderma spp. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology. 35(2): 111-124. Rifai, M. A. 1969. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. Mycological Papers. 116: 1-156. Soltani, H., Zafari, D. & Rohani, H. 2005. A study on biological control of crown, root and tuber fungal diseases of potato by Trichoderma harzianum under in-vivo and field condition in Hamadan. Agricultural Research (water, soil & plant in agriculture). 5(3): 13-25. (In Persian with English summary). Van der Plaats-Niterink, A. J. 1981. Monograph of genus Pythium. Studies in Mycology. 21: 1-242. Vaartaja, O., Pitblado, R. E., Buzzeli, R. I. & Crawford, L. G. 1979. Chemical and Biological control of Phytophtora root and stalk rot of Soybean. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 59: 307-11. Tran, N. H. 2010. Using Trichoderma species for biological control of plant pathogens in Vietnam. Journal of International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences. 16(1): 17-21. Zafari, D., Ershad, J., Zare, R. & Alizadeh, A. 2002. A contribution to the identification of Trichoderma species in Iran. Iranian journal of plant pathology.38(1-2): 21– 45. (In Persian with English summary). Zamanizadeh, H. R., Hatami, N., Aminaee, M. M. & Rakhshandehroo, F. 2011. Application of biofungicides in control of damping disease off in greenhouse crops as a possible substitute to synthetic fungicides. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 8(1): 129-136. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,239 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 5 |
||