The Effect of Conventional and Conservation Tillage on Forage Corn Yield in a Barley-Corn Rotation | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی | ||
| Article 7, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 0, Pages 83-96 PDF (257.21 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/jaer.2011.100302 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| High intensity evaporation from the soil surface due to low air humidity and poor soil structure and organic matter are constraints of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Regionally, maintaining plant residue with tillage management is one method to improve these conditions. In this study, for a barley-corn rotation, four barley residue management methods for standing stubble (burning, burying, incorporating and leaving on the surface) were compared over four years at Isfahan Kabootar Abad Agricultural Research Station. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications. The tillage treatments for corn (second crop) were applied to the same plot every year and the plots were conventionally plowed every year for the first crop (barley). The first year results showed that no-tillage treatments reduced the yield due to insufficient contact of seed and soil which caused an inadequate number of seedlings per square meter. However, providing better seed-soil contact in subsequent years resulted in no significant difference in the yield of the no-tillage treatment with other treatments. There was also no significant difference in yield and other crop establishment parameters between the other treatments during the four years of the study. Incorporation, leaving the residue on the surface and burying to a depth of 25 cm resulted in 20%, 18%, 13% increases, respectively, in the average organic matter compared with burning after four years of testing. Results also showed that the earthworm population under the conventional method was significantly lower than for the no-till and reduced-till treatments. No significant difference in root dry weight to a depth of 60 cm was observed between treatments. After four years, the results of the study indicated that the forage corn production under no-tillage and reduced tillage had no adverse effect on biomass yield and can be an alternative method to the current tillage method. Therefore, an annual compilation system that combines conventional tillage for barley and reduced tillage for corn production (after barley) is an alternative to reduce soil moisture evaporation in summer, increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure (increase population of earthworms) instead of conventional tillage operations. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Conservation tillage; Organic Matter; Residue management | ||
| References | ||
|
Anon. 1996. Economics of conservation tillage. cropsoil.psu.edu/extension/ct/ct.cfm.
Biederbeck, V. O., Campbel, C. A., Bowren, K. E., Schnitzer and Mclver, R. N. 1980. Effect of burning cereal straw on soil properties and grain yields in Saskatchewan. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 103-111.
Borin, M. and Sartori, L. 1995. Barley, Soybean and maize production using ridge tillage, no-tillage and conventional tillage in North-East Italy. Agric. Eng. Res. 62, 229-236.
Chan, K. Y. 2004. Impact of tillage practices and burrows of a native Australian anecic earthworm on soil hydrology. Appl. Soil Ecol. 27, 89–96.
Christensen, N. B., Jones, T. L. and Kauta, G. J. 1994. Infiltration characteristics under no till and clean-till furrow irrigation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58, 1495-1500.
Coppens, F., Garnier, P., Merckx, R. and Recous, S. 2007. Decomposition of mulched versus incorporated crop residues: Modeling with PASTIS clarifies interactions between residue quality and location. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 39, 2339-2350.
Dubetz, S., Kozu, G. C. and Doymaar, J. F. 1975. Effects of fertilizer, barnyard manure, and crop residues on irrigated crop yield and soil chemical properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 55, 481-490.
Govaerts, B., Sayre, K. D., Lichter, K., Dendooven, L. and Deckers, J. 2007. Influence of permanent raised bed planting and residue management on physical and chemical soil quality in rain fed maize/wheat systems. Plant Soil. 291(1-2): 39-54.
Hajabbasi, M. A. and Hemmat, A. 2000. Tillage impacts on aggregate stability and crop productivity in central Iran. Soil Till. Res. 56, 205-212.
Heidari, A. 2004. Effect of resiual management and tillage depth on wheat yield and soil organic matter in corn-wheat rotation. Agric. Eng. Res. J. 19, 81-93. (in Farsi)
Hemmat, A. and Taki, O. 2001. Grain yield of irrigated winter wheat as affected by stubble-tillage management and seeding rates in central Iran. Soil Till. Res. 63, 58-64.
Hmholte, A. A. and Carter, P. R. 1987. Planting date tillage effects on corn following corn. Agron. J. 79, 746-751.
Ismail, I., Blevins, R. L. and Frye, W. W. 1994. Long-term no tillage effects on soil properties and corn yield. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58, 193-198.
Jin, H., Qingjie, W., Hongwen, L. I., Lijin, L. and Huanwen, G. 2007. Soil loosening on permanent rasied-bed in arid northwest China. Soil Till. Res. 97, 172-183.
Jocko, M., Gebbers, R., Barkusky, D., Rogasik, J., Hohn, W., Hierold, W., Fox, C. and Timmer, J. 2009. Location-dependency of earthworm response to reduced tillage on sandy soil. Soil Till. Res. 102, 55–66.
Karlen, D. L., Wollenhaupt, N. C., Erach, D. C. and Berry, E. C. 1994. Long term tillage effects on soil quality. Soil Till. Res. 32, 313-327.
Kochakei, G. H. 1996. Farming in arid area. University of Mashade pub.(Book in Farsi) 202pp.
Lee, K. E. 1985. Earthworms: Their ecology and relationships with soils and land use. Sydney Orlando Academic Press Books. 428pp.
Liang, Y., Gollany, H. T., Rickman, R. W., Albrecht, S. L., Follett, R. F., Wilhelm, W. W., Novak, J. M. and Douglas, C. L. 2008. Imulation of management practice effects on long-term soil organic carbon. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72(5):1486 – 1492.
Martinez, C., Angas, P. and Lampurlanes. J. 2003. Growth yield and water productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) affected by tillage and N fertilization in Mediterranean semiarid, rainfed conditions of Spain. Field Crops Res. 84, 341–357.
Munwar, A., Blevens, R. L., Frye, W. W. and Saul, M. R. 1990. Tillage and cover crop management for soil water conservation. Agron. J. 82, 773-777.
Parsch, L. D., Terry, C. K., Patricia, A., Sauer, L., Oliver, R. and Nathan, S. 2001. Economic analysis of conservation and conventional tillage cropping systems on Clayey Soil in Eastern Arkansas Agron. J. 93, 1296-1304.
Qin, R., Stamp, P. and Richner, W. 2005. Impact of tillage and bander starter fertilizer on maize root growth in the top 25 centimeters of the soil. Agron. J. 97, 674-683.
Sharma, R. K., Srinivasa Babu, K., Chokar, R. S. and Sharma. A. K. 2004. Effect of tillage on termites, weed incidence and productivity of spring wheat in rice-wheat system of North Western Indina plans. Crop Protection. 23, 1049-1054.
So, H. B., Grabski, A. and Desborough, P. 2009. The impact of 14 years conventional and no-till cultivation on the physical properties and crop yield of a loam soil at Grafton NSW, Australia. Soil Till. Res.104, 180-184.
Wuest, S. 2001. Earthworm, infiltration, and tillage relationships in a dry land pea–wheat rotation. Appl. Soil Ecol. 18, 187–192. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,252 PDF Download: 605 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb