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مقایسه الگوهای مختلف کشت ذرت دانه‌ای بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 11، شماره 2، دی 1394، صفحه 173-182 اصل مقاله (589.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا کرمی نژاد1؛ اسکندر زند2؛ محمدعلی باغستانی2 | ||
| 1موسسه تحقیقا گیاهپزشکی | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی تاثیر الگوهای مختلف کشت بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز در ذرت دانه‌ای، آزمایشی در مشکین دشت کرج، در سال 1390 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کشت ذرت روی پشته + )سمپاشی نواری؛ یک بارکولتیواتور؛ دو بارکولتیواتور؛ وجین دستی؛ بدون وجین دستی) وکشت ذرت کف جوی + (سمپاشی سراسری؛ سمپاشی نواری؛ جابجایی جوی با پشته؛ وجین دستی؛ بدون وجین دستی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی تیمارهای مکانیکی (دوبار کولتیواتور و جابجایی جوی و پشته) درکاهش تراکم سلمک و تاتوره و نیز وزن خشک سلمک بیش‌تر از تیمارهای سمپاشی نواری و سمپاشی سرتاسری بود. تیمار کشت ذرت روی پشته + دوبارکولتیواتور و تیمار کشت کف جوی + سمپاسی سراسری بهترین تیمار از نظر کنترل سوروف و قیاق بودند. تیمار کشت روی پشته + دو بار کولتیواتور از نظر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز باریک برگ و پهن برگ برترین تیمار بود. عملکرد دانه تیمار کشت کف جوی + جابجایی جوی و پشته با تیمارهای شیمیایی کشت کف جوی + سمپاشی سراسری و کشت روی پشته + سمپاشی نواری مشابه بود. از بین روش‌های کنترل غیر‌شیمیایی بترتیب، کشت کف جوی + جابجایی جوی با پشته و کشت روی پشته + دو بار کولتیواتور بیشترین عملکرد دانه را بخود اختصاص دادند. عملکرد بیولوژیکی ذرت در تیمارهای کشت کف جوی + جابجایی جوی و پشته با تیمارهای وجین دستی و نیز عملکرد بیولوژیکی تیمار کشت روی پشته + دو بار کولتیواتور مشابه تیمارهای علف‌کش بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نیکوسولفورون؛ کاهش مصرف علف‌کش؛ کشت کف‌جوی؛ کولتیواسیون | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparison of Different Planting Patterns of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Weed Control | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To evaluate the effect of different planting patterns on weed control in corn, an a RCBD experiment with 4 replications carried out at Karaj in RCBD with 4 replications in Karaj, Iran in 2011. Experimental treatments included: Ridge planting + (band spraying; once cultivator in 45 cm corn height; twice cultivators in 25 & 45 cm corn height; hand weeding; weedy check) and bed planting + (full spraying; band spraying; replacing ridge by furrow in 25 cm corn height stage; hand weeding; weedy check). The results showed that the efficiency of mechanical treatments (twice cultivators and replacing ridge by furrow) in reducing of to reduce the density of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and Lambsquaters (Chenopodium album) and dry weight of lambsquaters was more than of the band spraying and full spraying treatments. Among ridge planting treatments, ridge planting + twice cultivators and among bed planting treatments, bed planting + full spraying were the best treatments to control of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). In general, ridge planting + twice cultivators were the best treatment to control of the grass and broadleaf weeds. Grain yields obtained from bed planting + replacing ridge by furrow were the same with similar to bed planting + full spraying and ridge planting + band spraying treatments. Among the non-chemical control methods, bed planting + replacing ridge by furrow and ridge planting + twice cultivators had the highest yield respectively. Also, Besides maize biological yield was similar in bed planting + replacing ridge by furrow treatment with hand weeding, as well as and also biological yield of ridge planting + twice cultivators with were similar to chemical control treatments. Totally, it seems that by choosing the right approperate tools in mechanical control methods (like ridge planting and twice cultivators or bed planting and replacing ridge by furrow) while managing the weeds, weed management, can could be effective step towards in production healthy crops. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Nicosulfuron, herbicide reduction, furrow bed planting, cultivation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Chogun, R. 2012. Situation of production of corn in Iran and worldwide. Key articles of the proceedings of the 12rd Iranian Crop Sciences Congress. Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Pages1-19.(In Persian with English Summary) Donald, W., Kitchen, N. Sudduth, and K. 2001. Between-row mowing + banded herbicide to control annual weeds and reduce herbicide use in no-till soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 15: 576-584. Donald, W.W. 2006. Preemergence banded herbicides followed by only one between-row mowing controls weeds in corn. Weed Technol. 20: 143-149. Fischer, R.A. and Miles, R.E. 1973. The role of spatial pattern in the competition between crop plants and weeds: A theoretical analysis. Mathematical Biosci. 18: 335-350. Forcella, F. 2000. Rotary hoeing substitutes for two-thirds rate of soil applied herbicide. Weed Technol. 14: 298-303. Ghanbari, D., Zand, E., Barzegar M. and Khoramiyan, M. 2010.Effect of planting pattern and herbicide on weeds, yield and water use efficiency of Corn (SC 704). Iran. J. Crop Sci. 45: 1-19.(In Persian with English Summary) Haji-Akhondi M.D., Iran-Nejad, H. and Majidi Heravan, I. 1998. Study appropriate of planting methods and seeding rate of wheat in saline land of Yazd province. The Proceedings of the 5rd Iranian Crop Sciences Congress. Karaj, Pages 458-459.(In Persian with English Summary) Hanna, H.M., Hartzler, R.D. and Erbach, D.C. 2000. High speed cultivation and banding for weed management in no-till corn. Applied Eng. Agri. 16: 359-365. Hartzler, R.G., Van Kooten, B.D., Stoltenberg, D.E., Hall, E.M. and Fawcett, R.S. 1993. On-farm evaluation of mechanical and chemical weed management practices in corn. Weed Technol. 7: 1001-1004. Hassanzadeh –Moghadam, H. and Basafa, M. 2005. Effect of planting method and plant density on corn forage yield in saline land. The proceedings of the 9rd Iranian Crop Sciences Congress, Tehran University – Abourayhan, Page 71.(In Persian). Moradi, A., Akbari, G.H., Zand, E., Alahdadi, I., Baghestani, M.A. and Labafi, M.R. 2011. Effect of different planting methods on growth indices and yield of corn in competition with common purslane and pigweed. The proceedings of the 4rd Iranian Weed Science Congress, Pages 997-1000.(In Persian with English Summary). Najafi-nezhad M., Farzam-nia, M. and Javaheri, A. 2005. Effect of planting pattern on yield, agronomic characteristics and water use two varieties of corn. The Proceedings of the 9rd Congress of Crop Science, Page 205.(In Persian). Oerke, E.C., Dehne, H.W. 2004. Safeguarding production losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protec. 23: 275-285. Sarhadi, A., Mohtasebi, R., Zand, E. and Baghestani, M.A. 2010. Effect of different corn sowing methods on weed control, growth and grain yield of corn.Journal ofRes. and develop. Agron. J. 88:78-86. .(In Persian with English Summary). Shahnoushi Froushani, N., Fakari Sardehaei, B. and Kajouri Gashniani, M. 2012. Check price fluctuations of corn and its precious cycle by using GARCH and harmonic Model. Agricultural Econ. 6: 63-81 (In Persian). Sikkema, P.H., Soltani, N., Nurse, R.E., Vyn, R.J., Van Eerd, L. and Shropshire, C. 2009. Weed control, environmental impact and profitability of weed management options in glyphosate-tolerant maize. Weed Sci. 455. Zand E., Baghestani, M.A., Soufizadeh, S., Skandari, E., Deihimfard, R., PourAzar, R., Ghezeli, F., Sabeti, P., Esfandiari, H., Mousavinik, A. and Etemadi, F. 2006. Comparing the efficacy of Amicarbazon, a Triazoline, with Sulfonylurease for weed Control in maize (Zea mays). Iran. J. Weed Sci. 2: 55-75. Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Nezam-abadi, N. and Shimi, P. 2010. Herbicides and Important Weeds of Iran. Academic Publishing Center.102 Pp. (In Persian). Zargar M., Najafi, H., Fakhri, K., Mafakheri, S. and Sarajuoghi, M. 2011. Agronomic evaluation of mechanical and chemical weed management for reducing use of herbicides in Single vs. twin-row sugar beet. Research on Crops. 12: 173-178. | ||
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