Mosa, Ahmed, Mohammad, Ameen, Hussein, Nawfal, Haji, Jodi. (1405). Antimicrobial Resistance: Do Healthcare Workers Contribute to this Burden?. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), -. doi: 10.66224/ari.2026.374246.4350
Ahmed A Mosa; Ameen M. Mohammad; Nawfal R Hussein; Jodi Ramadhan Haji. "Antimicrobial Resistance: Do Healthcare Workers Contribute to this Burden?". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, , , 1405, -. doi: 10.66224/ari.2026.374246.4350
Mosa, Ahmed, Mohammad, Ameen, Hussein, Nawfal, Haji, Jodi. (1405). 'Antimicrobial Resistance: Do Healthcare Workers Contribute to this Burden?', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), pp. -. doi: 10.66224/ari.2026.374246.4350
Mosa, Ahmed, Mohammad, Ameen, Hussein, Nawfal, Haji, Jodi. Antimicrobial Resistance: Do Healthcare Workers Contribute to this Burden?. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1405; (): -. doi: 10.66224/ari.2026.374246.4350
Antimicrobial Resistance: Do Healthcare Workers Contribute to this Burden?
1Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
4Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok
چکیده
The weapon we once used to fight infections is now becoming our greatest enemy. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a serious global public health threat, jeopardizing the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments [1]. If no appropriate measures are taken, it’s anticipated that by 2050, AMR will contribute to nearly 10 million deaths worldwide. The AMR burden is particularly pronounced in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [2]. In this paper, we seek to offer insights into how health systems and healthcare workers contribute to and potentially exacerbate the AMR burden, especially in LMICs. In LMICs, antimicrobials can be easily obtained over the counter from pharmacies, which does not require an official doctor’s prescription. This phenomenon, coupled with widespread self-medication, are main driver of this avoidable burden [3]. Additionally, non-physician-led clinics are widely available in neighbourhoods, and patients sometimes seek care from these clinics. Personnel in these non-physician-led clinics frequently prescribe antibiotics to patients without due consideration. Instead of alleviating the AMR burden, and encouraging patients to seek care from qualified healthcare professionals, they easily prescribe antibiotics for them and portray themselves as good alternatives to qualified physicians. This practice continues in the absence of clear policies preventing the dispensing of antimicrobial agents without a prescription or regulating their use [4].