| Grapevine is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran and worldwide, playing a significant role in agriculture and the economy. Despite its importance, sustainable grape production faces numerous challenges, among which plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot nematodes, are considered one of the most serious threats. Root-knot nematodes are among the major factors responsible for reduced growth and productivity in vineyards. By invading and feeding on the roots, they disrupt water and nutrient uptake, resulting in weakened vines, reduced vegetative growth, leaf chlorosis, diminished fruit yield and quality, and ultimately a shortened economic lifespan of vineyards. Since these nematodes inhabit the soil and are primarily active in the root zone below the soil surface, their damage often remains unnoticed until the infestation has become widespread. Therefore, early detection and preventive measures play a crucial role in minimizing their impact. Nowadays, the management of root-knot nematodes no longer relies solely on chemical nematicides. Instead, an integrated approach combining preventive, cultural, biological, physical, and, when necessary, chemical control measures within the framework of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is recommended. The use of healthy planting material, improvement of soil fertility, application of well-decomposed organic amendments, utilization of biological control agents, and implementation of proper orchard sanitation practices are among the most effective strategies for reducing nematode damage. This article presents the most important approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and integrated management of root-knot nematodes to assist grape growers in protecting their vineyards. |