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اثر تلقیح باکتری رایزوبیوم بر تثبیت نیتروژن، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام سویا (Glycine max L.) تحت تنش غرقابی | ||
| زیست شناسی خاک | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 28 مهر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sbj.2026.373894.299 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سراله گالشی1؛ میترا طلوع حافظیان* 1؛ عبدالرحمان داز2؛ ابراهیم زینلی1 | ||
| 1زراعت، تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2زراعت، تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایرا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سویا (Glycine max L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان زراعی لگومی، نقش اساسی در تأمین پروتئین و روغن گیاهی دارد، اما تنش غرقابی با ایجاد اختلال در تثبیت بیولوژیک نیتروژن و فعالیت‌های فیزیولوژیک، رشد و عملکرد آن را محدود می‌کند. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی اثر تنش غرقابی و تلقیح باکتری رایزوبیوم بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و تثبیت بیولوژیک نیتروژن در چهار رقم سویا (ساری، سامان، کتول و امیر) در سال زراعی 1402-1401 به‌صورت آزمایش گلدانی و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل و سه تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان انجام شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح تنش غرقابی (عدم غرقابی و غرقابی 15 روزه در مرحله آغاز گلدهی) و دو سطح تلقیح باکتری (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) بودند. نتایج نشان داد تلقیح رایزوبیوم موجب بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و تثبیت نیتروژن شد؛ به‌طوری‌که در شرایط بدون تنش، کلروفیل a و b به‌ترتیب تا 89 و 74 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین تعداد گره در رقم کتول از 12 به 28 و در رقم امیر از 18 به 31 گره در بوته افزایش یافت. تنش غرقابی عملکرد دانه را کاهش داد، اما تلقیح رایزوبیوم در شرایط غرقابی عملکرد دانه را از 55/4 به 29/5 گرم در بوته (حدود 16 درصد) افزایش داد. بیشترین پاسخ به تلقیح در رقم ساری مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که عملکرد دانه آن 34 درصد نسبت به عدم تلقیح افزایش یافت و بیشترین عملکرد دانه (28/6 گرم در بوته) در این رقم ثبت شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح باکتری با بهبود فعالیت فتوسنتزی، افزایش تثبیت بیولوژیک نیتروژن و کاهش اثرات منفی تنش غرقابی، موجب بهبود عملکرد سویا شد. در میان ارقام مورد بررسی، رقم ساری از نظر حفظ عملکرد دانه و ارقام کتول و امیر از نظر کارایی همزیستی و تثبیت نیتروژن، برتری بیشتری نشان دادند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| باکتری برادی ریزوبیوم ژاپونیکوم؛ تعداد گره؛ کلروفیل؛ عملکرد دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of Rhizobium inoculation on nitrogen fixation, yield and yield components of soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) under waterlogging stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| serollah galeshi1؛ mitra toloo hafezian1؛ Abdul Rahman Daz2؛ ebrahim zeinali1 | ||
| 1Agriculture, Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Agriculture, Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Background and Objectives: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crops in the legume family and is one of the main sources of protein and vegetable oil in the world, and plays an important role in human nutrition, animal feed, and the food industry. Despite the economic and nutritional importance of this plant, the occurrence of environmental stresses, especially flooding, can significantly reduce its growth and performance. Flooding disrupts root activity and water and nutrient absorption by reducing oxygen in the root zone, and affects the nutritional status of the plant by reducing root nodule activity and disrupting biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the use of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, especially Rhizobium, can be considered as one of the biological solutions to reduce the adverse effects of this stress. Given the genetic differences between soybean cultivars in their tolerance to flooding and response to bacterial inoculation, identifying tolerant and efficient cultivars in terms of symbiosis with Rhizobium is of particular importance. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of waterlogging stress and Rhizobium inoculation on yield, yield components, and biological nitrogen fixation in soybean cultivars. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in the 2022-2023 crop year as a pot experiment at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments included four soybean cultivars including Sari, Saman, Ketul and Amir, two levels of bacterial inoculation including inoculation and no inoculation, and two levels of waterlogging stress including no flooding and flooding for 15 days. The seeds of the inoculation treatment were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria before sowing. Waterlogging stress was applied at the beginning of flowering stage (R1). At the end of the stress period, physiological traits including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, traits related to nitrogen nutrition status and biological nitrogen fixation including leaf nitrogen, number and diameter of root nodes, as well as yield components including number and weight of pods, number of seeds per pod and grain yield were measured and compared. After collecting the data, they were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and comparing the means of the treatments. Results: The results showed that waterlogging stress and bacterial inoculation, as well as their interaction with the cultivar, had different effects on physiological traits, nitrogen fixation, and soybean yield. Under non-stress conditions, rhizobium inoculation increased the content of chlorophyll a and b in most cultivars; so that the highest increase in chlorophyll a was observed in the Sari cultivar and chlorophyll b in the Saman cultivar. Also, bacterial inoculation increased the content of carotenoids in all cultivars. Waterlogging stress reduced photosynthetic pigments and leaf nitrogen, but the severity of this decrease was different in different cultivars. Bacterial inoculation under waterlogging conditions was able to compensate for part of the reduction in photosynthetic pigments. In terms of traits related to nitrogen fixation, rhizobium inoculation increased the number of root nodes per plant in non-stress conditions in the Ketul and Amir cultivars from 12 to 28 and from 18 to 31 nodes, respectively. Under waterlogging conditions, the cultivars Ketul and Amir showed a more favorable response to inoculation by having a higher number of nodes. The study of yield components also showed that the effect of inoculation on the number of pods was different in different cultivars and the response of the cultivars to waterlogging conditions was not the same. Under non-stress conditions, bacterial inoculation increased the grain yield of the cultivar Sari from 68.4 to 28.6 g/plant; while a decrease in yield was observed in the cultivar Ketul. Also, under waterlogging conditions, bacterial inoculation increased the grain yield from 55.4 to 29.5 g/plant, indicating a partial reduction in stress-induced damage. Conclusion: In general, waterlogging stress affected soybean yield by disrupting photosynthetic activity, leaf nitrogen status, and number of nodes; However, the intensity of stress response and the degree of benefit from bacterial inoculation varied among cultivars. Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation helped maintain nitrogen nutrition status and reduce the negative effects of waterlogging stress by improving some physiological traits and increasing nodulation. Among the cultivars studied, Sari showed better performance in terms of maintaining photosynthetic pigments and grain yield, and Ketul and Amir cultivars showed better performance in terms of nodulation and response to bacterial inoculation. Therefore, selecting an appropriate cultivar along with using Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation can be an effective strategy to increase soybean tolerance to waterlogging stress and improve production sustainability under conditions susceptible to this stress. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, Nodule Number, Chlorophyll, Grain yield | ||
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