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ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده توأم کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر کیفیت خاک تحت کشت گندم «استفاده از روش چارچوب ارزیابی مدیریت خاک (SMAF)» | ||
| پژوهش های خاک | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 15 مهر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2026.373467.828 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رسول Mirkhani* ؛ فرهاد مشیری | ||
| استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به‌مدت سه سال در قالب طرح آماری بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در کرتهای 200 متر مربعی در استان البرز انجام شد. تیمارها شامل: 1) آیش، 2) شاهد بدون مصرف کود، 3) کودهای نیتروژنی، فسفری و پتاسیمی بر اساس آزمون خاک، 4) 20 تن کود گاوی هر دو سال یکبار+ 75 درصد مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده + 50 درصد مقدار فسفر و پتاسیم توصیه شده، 5) 20 تن کمپوست پسماند هر دو سال یکبار + 75 درصد مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده + 50 درصد مقدار فسفر و پتاسیم توصیه شده، 6) سالانه 20 تن کود گاوی + 75 درصد مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده، 7) سالانه 20 تن کمپوست پسماند + 75 درصد مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده، 8) سالانه 20 تن کود گاوی، 9) سالانه 20 تن کمپوست پسماند بود. پس از نمونه برداری خاک در پایان کشت گندم (هر سال) و تعیین ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی اندازه گیری و چارچوب ارزیابی مدیریت خاک (SMAF) تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارها و سال اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 1 درصد وجود داشت و همه تیمارها از نظر مقادیر کیفیت خاک نسبت به تیمار آیش و شاهد (تیمار بدون مصرف کود) افزایش معنی داری داشتند. تیمارهای کاربرد توأم کود آلی (بویژه گود گاوی) و شیمیایی موجب افزایش معنی داری عملکرد گندم نسبت به تیمار کاربرد کود شیمیایی و تیمارهای کاربرد کود آلی (کود گاوی و کمپوست پسماند) داشت همچنین بین شاخص کیفیت خاک و عملکرد گندم در تمام سالها همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| استان البرز؛ کمپوست؛ کود دامی؛ مدیریت کوددهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the Effects of Integrated Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Quality under Wheat Cultivation “Using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF)” | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| rasoul Mirkhani؛ FARHAD MOSHIRI | ||
| 1. Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Alborz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Objectives Soil quality is one of the key determinants of agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, and the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) is a widely used tool for assessing soil quality in agricultural soils. Soil quality plays a very important role in crop production. Rapid and quantitative soil quality assessment enables timely evaluation practices, including fertilization management, on soil conditions. In order to investigate the effects of the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers on soil quality, this research was conducted in the Alborz province. Methodology This research was conducted in plots with an area of 200 square meters in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments in three replications in the Alborz province. Fertilizer treatments included: 1) fallow, 2) control (without using fertilizer), 3) application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers based on soil test, 4) application of 20 tons of cow manure every two years + application of 75% of the recommended nitrogen rate + application of 50% of the recommended amount of phosphorus and potassium, 5) application of 20 tons of compost every two years + application of 75% of the recommended amount of nitrogen + application of 50% of the recommended amount of phosphorus and potassium, 6) annual application of 20 tons of cow manure + application of 75% of the recommended nitrogen rate, 7) annual application of 20 tons of compost + application of 75% of the recommended nitrogen rate, 8) annual application of 20 tons of cow manure, 9) annual application of 20 tons of compost. After sampling the soil at the end of each crop and measuring the properties of pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium, bulk density, soil management assessment framework (SMAF) were calculated. Finally, changes in soil quality due to different management practices of organic and chemical fertilizers were evaluated. Results Results indicated significant differences among treatments across all years, excluding fallow and control (without fertilizer application) and the highest average value of soil quality (SMAF) in the first and second years was related to treatment 4 (application of 20 tons of cow manure every two years + application of 75% of the recommended nitrogen rate + application of 50% of the recommended phosphorus and potassium amount) and in the third year it was related to treatment 6 (annual application of 20 tons of cow manure + application of 75% of the recommended nitrogen rate). In the first year, there was no significant difference between treatments 4 and 6 and in the third year between treatments 4, 6, 7 and 8. The lowest average value of the quality index (SMAF) in all years was related to the control treatment. In addition, there was a significant correlation between yield and soil quality n the first (r=0.36), second (r=0.39) and third (r=0.63) years. Conclusion The results showed that the combined application of organic (especially cow manure) and chemical fertilizers, due to the improvement of physical (soil structure and soil permeability) and chemical (increasing and improving soil usable phosphorus) properties, increased soil quality and wheat yield, which was better than the application of only organic or chemical fertilizers. Among the combined applications of organic and chemical fertilizers, the treatment of annual application of 20 tons of cow manure along with 75% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer is recommended due to higher soil quality and crop yield and lower chemical fertilizer use. In addition, all treatments also had a significant increase in soil quality values compared to the fallow and control treatments (treatment without fertilizer use). There was also a significant correlation between the soil quality and wheat yield in all years. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Alborz province, Compost, Cow manure, Fertilization management | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3 |
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