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تأثیر شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام بر ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌های اکولوژیک در مراتع پناهگاه حیات‌وحش موته | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 33، شماره 2، تیر 1405، صفحه 122-141 اصل مقاله (1.79 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2026.136287 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا حیدری قهفرخی* 1؛ پژمان طهماسبی کهیانی2؛ علی‌اصغر نقی‌پور2 | ||
| 1دکتری علوم و مهندسی مرتع، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده سابقه و هدف وضعیت عملکردی اکوسیستم‌ها به‌طور قابل‌توجهی به ویژگی‌های ساختاری و ترکیبی لکه‌های گیاهی و فضاهای بین لکه‌ای وابسته است. روش تحلیل عملکرد چشم‌انداز (LFA) برای مقایسه ویژگی‌های لکه‌ها و تعیین ویژگی‌های عملکردی مرتع به کار می‌رود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام بر ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌های اکولوژیک در مراتع پناهگاه حیات‌وحش موته انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها در طول گرادیانت شدت چرای دام، سه مکان مرتعی با سطوح متفاوت فشار چرا انتخاب شدند. در هر مکان، 2 منطقه معرف انتخاب و در هر منطقه سه ترانسکت با طول حداقل 30 متر و فاصله بیش از 60 متر از یکدیگر برای تعیین حداقل 3 تکرار از هریک از لکه‌ها (بوته‌ای و کپه‌های گیاهی (گندمی + پهن‌برگ علفی)) و فضای بین لکه‌ای مستقر شد. سه ویژگی عملکردی شامل پایداری، نفوذپذیری و چرخه مواد غذایی، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار LFA و داده‌های حاصل از نمونه‌برداری صحرایی (11 شاخص سطح خاک) برای 162 لکه و فضای بین لکه‌ای به دست آمد. مقایسه خصوصیات ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌ها و تفاوت بین شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام با آزمون تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه با استفاده از توابع aov و duncan.test در نرم‌افزار R انجام شد. نتایج نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ویژگی‌های ساختاری لکه‌های اکولوژیک (شاخص سازمان‌یافتگی، تعداد لکه‌ها در هر 10 متر، شاخص سطح لکه، سطح کل لکه، میانگین طول لکه و میانگین عرض لکه) در شدت چرای سبک و بیشترین ویژگی‌های ساختاری مرتبط با فضای بین لکه‌ای (میانگین طول و میانگین حداقل و حداکثر طول فضای بین لکه‌ای) در چرای سنگین مشاهده شدند. برخلاف فضاهای بین لکه‌ای و کپه‌های گیاهی، اغلب شاخص‌های سطح خاک در لکه‌های بوته‌ای بین سطوح مختلف چرای دام تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح 001/0 و 01/0 درصد نشان دادند. با افزایش شدت چرای دام، میزان شاخص پوشش سطح خاک، پوشش گیاهان چندساله، شکستگی پوسته، نوع و شدت فرسایش و پایداری در برابر رطوبت کاهش یافتند، به گونه‌ای که بیشترین مقادیر مربوط به شدت چرای سبک (به ترتیب 000/4، 429/7، 357/2، 500/3 و 429/5) بود. چرای سبک بالاترین مقدار شاخص پایداری و نفوذپذیری در حالت کلی (به ترتیب 619/49% و 351/24%)، فضای بین لکه‌ای (به ترتیب 994/47% و 079/23%)، لکه‌های کپه‌ای (به ترتیب 917/42% و 651/22%) و بوته‌ای (به ترتیب 528/56% و 700/29%) و بیشترین مقدار چرخه مواد غذایی در حالت کل و لکه‌های کپه‌ای (به ترتیب 707/15% و 490/15%) را دارا بود. نتیجه‌گیری مدیریت مراتع، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک، نقش کلیدی در بهبود ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌های اکولوژیک دارد. افزایش پوشش گیاهی به‌ویژه ترکیبی از بوته‌ای‌ها، گیاهان گندمی و علفی پهن‌برگ منجر به مدیریت بهتر و افزایش ویژگی‌های عملکردی مراتع خواهد شد. چرای سبک باعث حفظ ساختار منظم، وسعت و یکپارچگی لکه‌ها می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ایداری؛ تحلیل عملکرد چشم‌انداز؛ چرخه مواد غذایی؛ شدت چرا؛ لکه‌های اکولوژیک؛ نفوذپذیری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Different Livestock Grazing Intensities on the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Ecological Patches in the Rangelands of the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Heidari Ghahfarrokhi1؛ Pejman Tahmasebi2؛ Ali Asghar Naghipour2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. in Range Management, Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Background and Objectives The functional condition of rangeland ecosystems is strongly influenced by the structural and compositional characteristics of vegetation patches and the intervening interpatch spaces. Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) is a widely used approach for assessing patch organization and evaluating key functional attributes of rangeland ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different livestock grazing intensities on the structural characteristics and functional performance of ecological patches in the rangelands of the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge, central Iran. Materials and Methods Three rangeland sites representing different levels of livestock grazing pressure were selected along a grazing-intensity gradient. At each site, two representative areas were selected, and within each area, three transects, each at least 30 m long and separated by more than 60 m, were established. Along the transects, at least three replicates of each major patch type, including shrub patches and plant hummocks (grasses and forbs), as well as interpatch spaces, were identified and evaluated. Three major LFA functional indices, including stability, infiltration, and nutrient cycling, were assessed using LFA software based on 11 soil-surface indicators recorded in the field. In total, 162 patches and interpatch spaces were evaluated. Structural and functional characteristics of patches were compared among grazing intensities using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; aov function), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (duncan.test) in R software. Results The highest values of the structural attributes of ecological patches, including the landscape organization index, number of patches per 10 m, patch area index, total patch area, and mean patch length and width, were recorded under light grazing intensity. In contrast, the highest structural values for interpatch spaces, including mean, minimum, and maximum interpatch lengths, were observed under heavy grazing intensity. In contrast to interpatch spaces and plant hummock patches, most soil-surface indicators in shrub patches differed significantly among grazing intensities (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.01). With increasing grazing intensity, soil cover, perennial vegetation cover, crust stability, soil erosion type and severity, and slaking-test scores decreased, with the highest values recorded under light grazing (4.000, 7.429, 2.357, 3.500, and 5.429, respectively). Light grazing also resulted in the highest overall stability and infiltration indices (49.619% and 24.351%, respectively), as well as the highest values in interpatch spaces (47.994% and 23.079%), plant hummock patches (42.917% and 22.651%), and shrub patches (56.528% and 29.700%). The highest nutrient-cycling index values were also recorded under light grazing, both overall and in plant hummock patches (15.707% and 15.490%, respectively). Conclusion Appropriate rangeland management, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments, plays a critical role in maintaining and improving the structural organization and functional condition of ecological patches. Maintaining adequate vegetation cover and a diverse combination of shrubs, grasses, and forbs can enhance patch connectivity, soil-surface protection, and overall ecosystem functionality. The findings indicate that light grazing pressure is more compatible with the maintenance of organized patch structures, greater patch extent, and higher functional integrity. Consequently, grazing management based on appropriate stocking rates and controlled grazing intensity can contribute to maintaining rangeland resilience, reducing soil degradation, and sustaining key ecosystem functions in the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ecological patches, grazing intensity, infiltration, Landscape Function Analysis (LFA), nutrient cycling, stability | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 119 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 70 |
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