| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,248 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,897 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,488,545 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,642,253 |
تأثیر شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام بر ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌های اکولوژیک در مراتع پناهگاه حیات‌وحش موته | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 33، شماره 2، تیر 1405، صفحه 122-141 اصل مقاله (1.79 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2026.136287 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا حیدری قهفرخی* 1؛ پژمان طهماسبی کهیانی2؛ علی‌اصغر نقی‌پور2 | ||
| 1دکتری علوم و مهندسی مرتع، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده سابقه و هدف وضعیت عملکردی اکوسیستم‌ها به‌طور قابل‌توجهی به ویژگی‌های ساختاری و ترکیبی لکه‌های گیاهی و فضاهای بین لکه‌ای وابسته است. روش تحلیل عملکرد چشم‌انداز (LFA) برای مقایسه ویژگی‌های لکه‌ها و تعیین ویژگی‌های عملکردی مرتع به کار می‌رود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام بر ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌های اکولوژیک در مراتع پناهگاه حیات‌وحش موته انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها در طول گرادیانت شدت چرای دام، سه مکان مرتعی با سطوح متفاوت فشار چرا انتخاب شدند. در هر مکان، 2 منطقه معرف انتخاب و در هر منطقه سه ترانسکت با طول حداقل 30 متر و فاصله بیش از 60 متر از یکدیگر برای تعیین حداقل 3 تکرار از هریک از لکه‌ها (بوته‌ای و کپه‌های گیاهی (گندمی + پهن‌برگ علفی)) و فضای بین لکه‌ای مستقر شد. سه ویژگی عملکردی شامل پایداری، نفوذپذیری و چرخه مواد غذایی، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار LFA و داده‌های حاصل از نمونه‌برداری صحرایی (11 شاخص سطح خاک) برای 162 لکه و فضای بین لکه‌ای به دست آمد. مقایسه خصوصیات ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌ها و تفاوت بین شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام با آزمون تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه با استفاده از توابع aov و duncan.test در نرم‌افزار R انجام شد. نتایج نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ویژگی‌های ساختاری لکه‌های اکولوژیک (شاخص سازمان‌یافتگی، تعداد لکه‌ها در هر 10 متر، شاخص سطح لکه، سطح کل لکه، میانگین طول لکه و میانگین عرض لکه) در شدت چرای سبک و بیشترین ویژگی‌های ساختاری مرتبط با فضای بین لکه‌ای (میانگین طول و میانگین حداقل و حداکثر طول فضای بین لکه‌ای) در چرای سنگین مشاهده شدند. برخلاف فضاهای بین لکه‌ای و کپه‌های گیاهی، اغلب شاخص‌های سطح خاک در لکه‌های بوته‌ای بین سطوح مختلف چرای دام تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح 001/0 و 01/0 درصد نشان دادند. با افزایش شدت چرای دام، میزان شاخص پوشش سطح خاک، پوشش گیاهان چندساله، شکستگی پوسته، نوع و شدت فرسایش و پایداری در برابر رطوبت کاهش یافتند، به گونه‌ای که بیشترین مقادیر مربوط به شدت چرای سبک (به ترتیب 000/4، 429/7، 357/2، 500/3 و 429/5) بود. چرای سبک بالاترین مقدار شاخص پایداری و نفوذپذیری در حالت کلی (به ترتیب 619/49% و 351/24%)، فضای بین لکه‌ای (به ترتیب 994/47% و 079/23%)، لکه‌های کپه‌ای (به ترتیب 917/42% و 651/22%) و بوته‌ای (به ترتیب 528/56% و 700/29%) و بیشترین مقدار چرخه مواد غذایی در حالت کل و لکه‌های کپه‌ای (به ترتیب 707/15% و 490/15%) را دارا بود. نتیجه‌گیری مدیریت مراتع، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک، نقش کلیدی در بهبود ویژگی‌های ساختاری و عملکردی لکه‌های اکولوژیک دارد. افزایش پوشش گیاهی به‌ویژه ترکیبی از بوته‌ای‌ها، گیاهان گندمی و علفی پهن‌برگ منجر به مدیریت بهتر و افزایش ویژگی‌های عملکردی مراتع خواهد شد. چرای سبک باعث حفظ ساختار منظم، وسعت و یکپارچگی لکه‌ها می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ایداری؛ تحلیل عملکرد چشم‌انداز؛ چرخه مواد غذایی؛ شدت چرا؛ لکه‌های اکولوژیک؛ نفوذپذیری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Different Livestock Grazing Intensities on the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Ecological Patches in the Rangelands of the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Heidari Ghahfarrokhi1؛ Pejman Tahmasebi2؛ Ali Asghar Naghipour2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. in Range Management, Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Background and Objectives The functional condition of rangeland ecosystems is strongly influenced by the structural and compositional characteristics of vegetation patches and the intervening interpatch spaces. Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) is a widely used approach for assessing patch organization and evaluating key functional attributes of rangeland ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different livestock grazing intensities on the structural characteristics and functional performance of ecological patches in the rangelands of the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge, central Iran. Materials and Methods Three rangeland sites representing different levels of livestock grazing pressure were selected along a grazing-intensity gradient. At each site, two representative areas were selected, and within each area, three transects, each at least 30 m long and separated by more than 60 m, were established. Along the transects, at least three replicates of each major patch type, including shrub patches and plant hummocks (grasses and forbs), as well as interpatch spaces, were identified and evaluated. Three major LFA functional indices, including stability, infiltration, and nutrient cycling, were assessed using LFA software based on 11 soil-surface indicators recorded in the field. In total, 162 patches and interpatch spaces were evaluated. Structural and functional characteristics of patches were compared among grazing intensities using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; aov function), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (duncan.test) in R software. Results The highest values of the structural attributes of ecological patches, including the landscape organization index, number of patches per 10 m, patch area index, total patch area, and mean patch length and width, were recorded under light grazing intensity. In contrast, the highest structural values for interpatch spaces, including mean, minimum, and maximum interpatch lengths, were observed under heavy grazing intensity. In contrast to interpatch spaces and plant hummock patches, most soil-surface indicators in shrub patches differed significantly among grazing intensities (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.01). With increasing grazing intensity, soil cover, perennial vegetation cover, crust stability, soil erosion type and severity, and slaking-test scores decreased, with the highest values recorded under light grazing (4.000, 7.429, 2.357, 3.500, and 5.429, respectively). Light grazing also resulted in the highest overall stability and infiltration indices (49.619% and 24.351%, respectively), as well as the highest values in interpatch spaces (47.994% and 23.079%), plant hummock patches (42.917% and 22.651%), and shrub patches (56.528% and 29.700%). The highest nutrient-cycling index values were also recorded under light grazing, both overall and in plant hummock patches (15.707% and 15.490%, respectively). Conclusion Appropriate rangeland management, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments, plays a critical role in maintaining and improving the structural organization and functional condition of ecological patches. Maintaining adequate vegetation cover and a diverse combination of shrubs, grasses, and forbs can enhance patch connectivity, soil-surface protection, and overall ecosystem functionality. The findings indicate that light grazing pressure is more compatible with the maintenance of organized patch structures, greater patch extent, and higher functional integrity. Consequently, grazing management based on appropriate stocking rates and controlled grazing intensity can contribute to maintaining rangeland resilience, reducing soil degradation, and sustaining key ecosystem functions in the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ecological patches, grazing intensity, infiltration, Landscape Function Analysis (LFA), nutrient cycling, stability | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
References
Alilou, F., Keivan Behjou, F., Sheidae karkaj, E., Ahmadkhani, R. and Motamedi, J., 2017. Surveying effect of livestock grazing management on functional and structural characteristics of ecosystem in khoy mountain rangelands. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(3): 596-609. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2017.113367 (In Persian)
Asri, Y., 2008. Plant diversity in Mouteh Refuge, Iran. Rostaniha, 9(1): 25-48. https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_101716.html?lang=fa (In Persian)
Ávila-Valdés, A., Piper, F.I. and Zúñiga-Feest, A., 2019. Cluster root formation and function vary in two species with contrasting geographic ranges. Plant and Soil, 440(1): 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04056-3
Azimi, R., Heshmati, G.A., Kianian, M.K., Hossein Jafari, S. and Zakeri, D., 2018. Role of plant species and ecological patches in conserving and fixing natural landsʹ soil using landscape functional analysis (LFA)(Case study: Dehbar rangeland, Torghabeh, Mashhad, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science, 8(2): 166-175. https://oiccpress.com/jrs/article/view/2657
Bartley, R., Roth, C.H., Ludwig, J., McJannet, D., Liedloff, A., Corfield, J., Hawdon, A. and Abbott, B., 2006. Runoff and erosion from Australia's tropical semi‐arid rangelands: Influence of ground cover for differing space and time scales. Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 20(15): 3317-3333. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6334
Bastin, G., Pickup, G., Chewings, V. and Pearce, G., 1993. Land Degradation Assessment in Central Australia Using a Grazing Gradient Method. The Rangeland Journal, 15(2): 190-216. https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ9930190
Bastin, G.N., Ludwig, J.A., Eager, R.W., Chewings, V.H. and Liedloff, A.C., 2002. Indicators of landscape function: comparing patchiness metrics using remotely-sensed data from rangelands. Ecological Indicators, 1(4): 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00009-2
Bihamta, M.R. and Zare Chahouki, M.A., 2008. Principles of statistics for the natural resources science. University of Tehran Press, First Edition, 300 p. (In Persian)
Callaway, R.M., 1995. Positive interactions among plants. The Botanical Review, 61(4): 306-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912621
Chamani, A., Akbarlo, M., Sepehri, A., Mesdaghi, M. and Mazandarani, M., 2018. Investigating structural and functional features of ecological patches rangelands in several levels of management in National Golestan Park, Ghorkhoud. Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 6(12): 23-38. http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-407-en.html (In Persian)
Ding, J. and Eldridge, D.J., 2021. Climate and plants regulate the spatial variation in soil multifunctionality across a climatic gradient. Catena, 201: 105233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105233
Ebrahimi, M., Arab, M. and Ajorloo, M., 2014. Effects of Enclosure on Ecological Indexes of Rangeland Health Using Landscape Function Analysis Method (Case Study: Jiroft Jbalbarez Rangeland). Journal of Rangeland, 8(3): 261-271. http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-152-en.html (In Persian)
Eldridge, D.J., Bowker, M.A., Maestre, F.T., Roger, E., Reynolds, J.F. and Whitford, W.G., 2011. Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 14(7): 709-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01630.x
Eldridge, D.J. and Delgado-Baquerizo, M., 2018. Grazing reduces the capacity of Landscape Function Analysis to predict regional-scale nutrient availability or decomposition, but not total nutrient pools. Ecological Indicators, 90: 494-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.034
Garibotti, I.A., Gonzalez Polo, M. and Tabeni, S., 2018. Linking biological soil crust attributes to the multifunctionality of vegetated patches and interspaces in a semiarid shrubland. Functional Ecology, 32(4): 1065-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13044
Heidari Ghahfarrokhi, Z., Tahmasebi, P. and Naghipour, A.A., 2024. Relationship Between Plant Diversity and Functional Diversity Indices with Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) Functionalities. Journal of Rangeland, 18(1): 132-151. http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1239-en.html (In Persian)
Holm, A.M., Bennett, L.T., Loneragan, W.A. and Adams, M.A., 2002. Relationships between empirical and nominal indices of landscape function in the arid shrubland of Western Australia. Journal of Arid Environments, 50(1): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0856
Kargar, M., Jafarian, Z. and Ehsani, M., 2016. The Effect of Grazing on Soil Surface Indicators Using Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) method (Case Study: Dona rangelands, Siah Bisheh Watershed). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 69(3): 691-698. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2016.61510 (In Persian)
Ludwig, J.A. and Tongway, D.J., 1995. Spatial organisation of landscapes and its function in semi-arid woodlands, Australia. Landscape Ecology, 10(1): 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158553
Ludwig, J.A., Tongway, D.J., Freudenberger, D.O., Noble, J.C. and Hodgkinson, K.C., 1997. Landscape ecology, function and management: principles from Australia's rangelands. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 326 p.
Ludwig, J.A., Wilcox, B.P., Breshears, D.D., Tongway, D.J. and Imeson, A.C., 2005. Vegetation patches and runoff–erosion as interacting ecohydrological processes in semiarid landscapes. Ecology, 86(2): 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0569
Maestre, F.T. and Cortina, J., 2004. Insights into Ecosystem Composition and Function in a Sequence of Degraded Semiarid Steppes. Restoration Ecology, 12(4): 494-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.03106.x
Maestre, F.T. and Puche, M.D., 2009. Indices based on surface indicators predict soil functioning in Mediterranean semi-arid steppes. Applied Soil Ecology, 41(3): 342-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.12.007
Mahdavi, S.K. and Esmaili, M., 2015. Investigation of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Four Species Including Atriplex canescens, Haloxylon persicum, Artemisia sieberi and Agropyron desertorum (Case Study: Zarandieh, Saveh, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Sciences, 5(2): 135-142. https://oiccpress.com/jrs/article/view/2538
McDonald, S.E., Reid, N., Waters, C.M., Smith, R. and Hunter, J., 2018. Improving ground cover and landscape function in a semi-arid rangeland through alternative grazing management. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 268: 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.08.021
Mirdavoudi, H., Ghorbanian, D., Zarekia, S., Soleiman, J.M., Ghonchepur, M., Sweeney, E.M. and Mastinu, A., 2022. Ecological Niche Modelling and Potential Distribution of Artemisia sieberi in the Iranian Steppe Vegetation. Land, 11(12): 2315. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122315
Moazam, F., Bashari, H. and Jafari, R., 2020. Effects of livestock and wildlife grazing on species diversity indices in a cold Steppe region of Isfahan Province. Journal of Rangeland, 14(1): 120-131. http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-871-en.html (In Persian)
Mohebbi, S., Dianati Tilaki, G.A. and Abedi, M., 2016. Applying Landscape Function Analysis Method in Order to Assess the Ecological Function of Plant Patches in Rangeland Management Treatments (Pilot: Kojour Noshahr Rangelands). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 69(1): 187-199. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2016.61743 (In Persian)
Mohebbi, Z. and Heshmati, G.A., 2017. Effect of different patches on qualitative Indexes of soil surface (erosion, sedimentation, etc.) using Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) (Case study: FaramanRangeland, Kermanshah). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(3): 560-569. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2017.113365 (In Persian)
Molaeinasab, A., Bashari, H., Mosaddeghi, M.R. and Tarkesh Esfahani, M., 2021. Effects of Different Vegetation Patches on Soil Functionality in the Central Iranian Arid Zone. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(2): 1112-1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00426-y
Muñoz-Robles, C., Reid, N., Tighe, M., Briggs, S.V. and Wilson, B., 2011. Soil hydrological and erosional responses in patches and inter-patches in vegetation states in semi-arid Australia. Geoderma, 160(3-4): 524-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.024
Noy-Meir, I., 1973. Desert Ecosystems: Environment and Producers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4: 25-51. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096803
Puigdefábregas, J., 2005. The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(2): 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1181
Rafigh, E., Naseri, K., Mesdaghi, M. and Melati, F., 2017. An investigation on spacial heterogeneity of rangeland ecosystems function caused by different grazing intensity and geographical aspects. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(3): 547-559. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2017.113362 (In Persian)
Rahimi Balkanlou, K., Ghorbani, M., Jafari, M. and Tavili, A., 2016. Evaluation and comparison of ecological health in three arid rangeland using Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) (Case study: Kalateh Roudbar, Damghan). Desert Management, 4(7): 35-45. https://doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2016.22242 (In Persian)
Reid, K.D., Wilcox, B.P., Breshears, D.D. and MacDonald, L., 1999. Runoff and erosion in a Piñon–Juniper woodland influence of vegetation patches. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63(6): 1869-1879. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6361869x
Rezaei, S.A., Arzani, H. and Tongway, D., 2006. Assessing rangeland capability in Iran using landscape function indices based on soil surface attributes. Journal of Arid Environments, 65(3): 460-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.08.003
Saco, P.M., Willgoose, G.R. and Hancock, G.R., 2007. Eco-geomorphology of banded vegetation patterns in arid and semi-arid regions. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11(6): 1717-1730. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1717-2007
Saffariha, M., Azarnivand, H., Tavili, A. and Khani, H.M., 2014. Investigation effects of rangeland exclosure on some soil properties in Artemisia sieberi, Stipa hohenacheriana and Salsola rigida habitats (case study: Roodshoor, Saveh, Iran). Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 4(1): 195-204. http://www.innspub.net
Schlesinger, W.H., Abrahams, A.D., Parsons, A.J. and Wainwright, J., 1999. Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habitats in Southern New Mexico: I. Rainfall simulation experiments. Biogeochemistry, 45: 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992871
Tongway, D.J. and Hindley, N.L., 2004a. Landscape function analysis: a system for monitoring rangeland function. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 21(2): 109-113. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220110409485841
Tongway, D.J. and Hindley, N.L., 2004b. Landscape function analysis: procedures for monitoring and assessing landscapes with special reference to minesites and rangelands. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, 82 p.
Tongway, D.J. and Hindley, N.L., 2008. Landscape function analysis: procedures for monitoring and assessing landscapes (Heshmati, G., Naseri, K., and Ghanbarian, G., Trans.). jdmpress, 112 p. (In Persian)
Tongway, D.J. and Ludwig, J.A. 1997. The conservation of water and nutrients within landscapes. Chapter 2. In Ludwig, J.A., Tongway, D.J., Freudenberger, D., Noble, J., and Hodgkinson, K. (Eds.), Landscape Ecology, Function and Management: Principles from Australia's Rangelands. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra, Australia, pp. 13-22.
Whitford, W.G. and Duval, B.D., 2019. Ecology of desert systems (2 ed.). Academic Press, 473 p.
Yaghmaei, L., Soltani, S. and Khodagholi, M., 2009. Bioclimatic classification of Isfahan province using multivariate statistical methods. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 29(12): 1850-1861. https://doi.org/10.1002/JOC.1835
Yari, R. and Heshmati, G.A., 2016. Investigating the effect of rangelands structure on the surface indicators and soil functional attributes in arid and semi-arid areas. Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 3(7): 29-39. http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.html (In Persian)
Zhang, G. and Hu, J., 2019. Effects of patchy distributed Artemisia capillaris on overland flow hydrodynamic characteristics. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(1): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.12.003 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1 |
||