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Monoterpene-Rich Ferulago angulata Essential Oil: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Ultrastructural Effects | ||
| Journal of Organic Farming of Medicinal Plants | ||
| دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2980، شهریور 2025، صفحه 59-69 اصل مقاله (601.06 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Marjan Nouri* | ||
| Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Ferulago angulata (F. angulata), a perennial aromatic herb traditionally used in Persian medicine, is rich in essential oils (EOs) containing diverse terpenoids. The aim of the present research is to characterize chemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and ultrastructural effects of F. angulata EO. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The antimicrobial activity was assessed, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe morphological changes in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The cytotoxicity determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on HeLa (cancer) and HEK-293 (regular) cell lines. The GC-MS revealed a monoterpene-rich profile dominated by limonene (28.5 %) and α-pinene (12.3 %). The FTIR spectroscopy confirmed aliphatic and oxygenated terpenoid functional groups, and the EO exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 = 350 µg.mL-1 DPPH, ABTS = 190 µg.mL-1, and FRAP = 0.48 mmol Fe2+.g-1). SEM revealed dose-dependent cell wall rupture and membrane collapse at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 2 × this factor levels. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated selective activity toward HeLa cells (IC50 = 182 ± 12 µg.mL-1; selectivity index ≈ 2.9), indicating moderate anticancer potential. Strong antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus (MIC = 0.51 mg.mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration = 1.04 mg.mL-1), whereas Gram-negative strains showed higher resistance. F. angulata EO exhibits promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties, which are attributed to its monoterpene-hydrocarbon composition. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Biological؛ Essential oil؛ Extraction؛ Ferulago angulata؛ Monoterpenes | ||
| مراجع | ||
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