| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,266 |
| تعداد مقالات | 36,103 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 55,408,160 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 94,352,609 |
ارزیابی واکنش هیبریدهای چغندرقند به تنش خشکی با استفاده از شاخص تحمل به تنش و تجزیه خوشه‌ای | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 41، شماره 2، اسفند 1404، صفحه 209-232 اصل مقاله (1.38 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2026.373032.1411 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهنام احمدی1؛ محمد عبداللهیان نوقابی* 2؛ حسین حیدری شریف آباد1؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی3؛ رحیم محمدیان4 | ||
| 1گروه علوم باغبانی، زراعی و بیوتکنولوژی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کم‌آبی مهم‌ترین عامل محدودکننده تولید چغندرقند در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی واکنش هیبریدهای چغندرقند به تنش خشکی و شناسایی هیبریدهای متحمل با کارایی مصرف آب بالا، با استفاده از شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI) و تجزیه خوشه‌ای انجام شد. آزمایش در دو سال زراعی (1395 و 1396) در کرج در قالب طرح کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آبیاری در دو سطح مطلوب (آبیاری پس از ۹۰ میلی‌متر تبخیر) و محدود (آبیاری پس از ۱۸۰ میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک کلاس A) و عامل فرعی شامل ۵۷ هیبرید به همراه ۷ رقم شاهد در سال اول و ۱۶ هیبرید گزینش‌شده سال اول به همراه ۴ رقم شاهد در سال دوم بود. اثر اصلی آبیاری بر عملکرد ریشه در هر دو سال معنی‌دار بود و کاهش ۴۱ و ۲۰ درصدی عملکرد ریشه را در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری مطلوب در پی داشت، در حالی که درصد قند در شرایط تنش نسبت به مطلوب به ترتیب ۲۰ درصد (سال اول) و ۶ درصد (سال دوم) افزایش یافت، هرچند این افزایش فقط در سال اول معنی‌دار بود. اثر اصلی ژنوتیپ نیز بر عملکرد ریشه، درصد قند، عملکرد قند ناخالص و کارایی آب آبیاری در هر دو سال معنی‌دار بود. در ادامه اثر متقابل آبیاری× ژنوتیپ بر عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند ناخالص در هر دو سال معنی‌دار نگردید، اما بر محتوای سدیم، پتاسیم و نیتروژن مضره در سال اول معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط تنش، محتوای سدیم ۲۷ درصد کاهش یافت. در حالی که پتاسیم و نیتروژن مضره تغییرات ناچیزی داشت. کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری در سال دوم در شرایط تنش نسبت به مطلوب به‌طور میانگین ۳۲ درصد افزایش نشان داد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که هیبریدهای (7112*SB36) *S1-100 و (7112*SB36) *S1-70 نیز با داشتن STI بالاتر از میانگین دو سالانه (به ترتیب با 97/0 و 96/0 در سال دوم) و قرارگیری پایدار در خوشه ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل در هر دو سال آزمایش، ضمن حفظ عملکرد ریشه و قند قابل رقابت با ارقام شاهد برتر (مانند ماندارین و پایا)، از کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری مطلوبی در شرایط محدودیت آب برخوردار بودند؛ بنابراین، استفاده از شاخص STI در کنار تحلیل خوشه‌ای، رویکردی مؤثر در گزینش هیبریدهای متحمل با بهره‌وری اقتصادی بالا ارائه می‌دهد و هیبریدهای معرفی‌شده می‌توانند به‌عنوان گزینه‌های ارزشمند در برنامه‌های اصلاحی آینده برای کشت در مناطق مواجه با تنش کم‌آبی مدنظر قرار گیرند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش کم‌آبی؛ درصد قند؛ عملکرد قند ناخالص؛ کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluating the response of sugar beet hybrids to drought stress using stress tolerance index and hierarchical clustering analysis | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Behnam Ahmadi1؛ Mohammad Abdollahian Noghabi2؛ Hossein Heydari Sharifabad1؛ Ali Mokhtassi Bidgoli3؛ Rahim Mohammadian4 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Science, Agronomy, and Biotechnology, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115111, Iran | ||
| 4Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the world’s second most important source of sucrose and plays a vital role in food security and agricultural economics. However, its production is constrained by several factors, among which drought stress caused by water deficit is one of the most important. Water scarcity induces physiological responses such as stomatal closure and reduced photosynthetic activity, ultimately leading to a substantial reductions in root yield. Given the increasing temperatures and declining water resources in sugar beet growing regions, effective management and breeding strategies are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of drought. One promising approach is the development and cultivation of drought-tolerant cultivars and hybrids that maintain high water-use efficiency and satisfactory economic performance under limited irrigation. Therefore, this study aimed to identify promising sugar beet hybrids using the Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and cluster analysis to select hybrids with superior sugar yield and water use efficiency under both normal and water-deficit c conditions. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2016 and 2017) at the Sugar Beet Research Station in Karaj, Iran, affiliated with the Sugar Beet Seed Institute. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Irrigation regime was assigned to the main plots at two levels: normal irrigation (after 90 mm evaporation from a class A pan) and restricted irrigation (after 180 mm evaporation). In the first year, the subplots consisted of 57 experimental test-cross hybrids and seven commercial check cultivars. Based on the highest STI values obtained in the first year, 16 superior hybrids were selected and evaluated in the second year together with four superior check cultivars. Measured traits included root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, root impurities (Na⁺, K⁺, and α-amino nitrogen), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). In the second year, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were also determined. The Stress Tolerance Index (STI) was calculated according to the method proposed by Fernandez, and cluster analysis was performed to classify the genotypes according to drought tolerance. Data analysis was carried out using SAS and Minitab statistical software. Results and Discussion Water deficit stress significantly reduced root yield, with average reductions of 41% in the first year and 20% in the second year. The greater reduction observed during the first year was likely associated with the genetic diversity of the tested hybrids and the occurrence of unfavorable environmental conditions including pest and disease pressure. Among the evaluated hybrids, (7112KWS) S1-100 and (7112KWS) S1-70 showed competitive root yields of 70.84 t ha⁻¹ and 69.71 t ha⁻¹, respectively comparable to those of the check cultivars. The main effect of genotype was highly significant ( P < 0.01) for all major traits, including root yield, sugar content, and sugar yield. Sugar content increased under water-deficit conditions compared with normal irrigation by approximately 20% in the first year and 6% in the second year, although this increase was statistically significant only in the first year. This response may be attributed to reduced root diameter and enhanced sugar accumulation within storage tissues. A significant irrigation × genotype interaction for sugar content was detected only during the first year, indicating differences among genotypes in their responses to irrigation regimes. Sugar yield was significantly affected by both irrigation treatment and genotype (P < 0.01) in both years, whereas their interaction was not significant. Under restricted irrigation, sugar yield decreased by 29% in the first year and 15% in the second year. In the second year, the check cultivars Mandarin (10.88 t ha⁻¹) and IR7 (9.49 t ha⁻¹) produced the highest sugar yields, whereas hybrid (7112KWS) S1-03 recorded the lowest value (6.70 t ha⁻¹). Among the experimental hybrids, (7112KWS) S1-100 achieved the highest sugar yield (9.38 t ha⁻¹). The irrigation × genotype interaction was not significant for root yield and sugar yield, indicating relatively consistent genotype responses across irrigation regimes for these traits. However, significant interactions were observed for sodium and potassium concentrations in the first year. Under water-deficit conditions, root sodium concentration decreased by 27%, whereas potassium concentration increased by 3%, suggesting osmotic adjustment as an adaptive response to drought stress. Irrigation water use efficiency increased by an average of 22% under restricted irrigation across the two years, reflecting improved water productivity under limited water supply. During the second year, Mandarin (1.06 kg m⁻³) and Paya (0.93 kg m⁻³) exhibited the highest IWUE values, whereas hybrid (7112KWS) S1-03 showed the lowest value (0.65 kg m⁻³). Among the experimental hybrids, (7112KWS) S1-100 (0.90 kg m⁻³) and (7112KWS) S1-70 (0.82 kg m⁻³) exhibited high IWUE values comparable to those of the superior check cultivars. The approximately 35% reduction in irrigation water applied under restricted irrigation contributed substantially to the observed increase in IWUE. Based on STI values in the second year, the check cultivars Paya (1.40) and Mandarin (1.01) exhibited the greatest drought tolerance, whereas Jolgeh (0.67) had the lowest STI among the checks. Among the experimental hybrids, (7112KWS) S1-100 (0.97) and (7112KWS) S1-70 (0.96) recorded the highest STI values. Cluster analysis based on root yield, sugar yield, and IWUE classified hybrids into drought-tolerant and susceptible groups. Notably, only hybrids (7112KWS) S1-100 and (7112KWS) S1-70 were consistently classified as drought tolerant in both years. Their STI values were also higher than the overall mean, demonstrating strong agreement between STI and cluster analysis as complementary two selection methods. Furthermore, these hybrids exhibited competitive root and sugar yields relative to the superior commercial cultivars Mandarin and Paya while maintaining high irrigation water use efficiency (0.90 and 0.82 kg m⁻³, respectively). Conclusion Results demonstrated that although water-deficit stress substantially reduced root yield, combining the Stress Tolerance Index with cluster analysis effectively identified drought-tolerant sugar beet hybrids capable of maintaining high irrigation water use efficiency and acceptable sugar yield under limited irrigation. Among the evaluated materials, hybrids (7112KWS) S1-100 and (7112KWS) S1-70 consistently exhibited superior agronomic performance, high drought tolerance, and competitive productivity compared with commercial cultivars. These hybrids represent promising genetic resources for future breeding programs and for cultivation in drought-prone environments. Therefore, the combined application of STI and cluster analysis is recommended as a reliable and effective strategy for selecting superior sugar beet genotypes under water-limited conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Irrigation water use efficiency, Sugar content, Sugar yield, Water-deficit stress | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abyaneh HZ, Jovzi M, Albaji M. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation, partial root drying and N-fertilizer levels on sugar beet crop (Beta vulgaris L.). Agricultural water management. 2017; 194:13-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.016 Anonymous. ICUMSA. The determination of the polarisation of sugar beet by the macerator or cold aqueous digestion method using aluminium sulphate as clarifying agent–official. ICUMSA Methods Book: Method GS 6‐3. 1994. Barratt GE, Murchie EH, Sparkes DL. Water use efficiency responses to fluctuating soil water availability in contrasting commercial sugar beet varieties. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2023; 14:1119321. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1119321 Baryga A, Rusinowski S, Krzyżak J, Kunicka-Styczyńska A, Świącik B, Stec R, Smykała K, Małkowski E, Sitko K. Sugar management and photosynthesis of sugar beet after infection by Cercospora beticola. Scientific Reports. 2025; 15(1):19444. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03968-8 Bloch D, Hoffmann C. Seasonal development of genotypic differences in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and their interaction with water supply. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2005; 191(4):263-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2005.00150.x Burba M, Georgi B. Fluorometric determination of amino acids in sugar beet roots and sugar factory products by means of fluorescamine and o-phthaldehyde. 1975. Choukri H, Hejjaoui K, El-Baouchi A, El Haddad N, Smouni A, Maalouf F, Thavarajah D, Kumar S. Heat and drought stress impact on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020; 7:596307. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.596307 De Santana TA, Oliveira PS, Silva LD, Laviola BG, de Almeida AA, Gomes FP. Water use efficiency and consumption in different Brazilian genotypes of Jatropha curcas L. subjected to soil water deficit. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2015; 75:119-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.02.008 Ebrahimi A, Nabizadeh E, Azizi H, Mohammadian R. The assessment of quantitative and qualitative yield of different native and foreign sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars under optimal and limited irrigation conditions. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. 2020; 15 (59): 58-71 (In Persian with English abstract). Esmaeili R, Mohammadian R, Abad HH, Mohammadi GN. Improving the quantity and quality of sugar beet yield using agronomic methods in summer cultivation. Plant, Soil and Environment. 2022; 68(8): 347-357 Doi: https://doi.org/10.17221/151/2022-PSE Fatemi R, Kahraryan B. Study the effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet at different irrigation levels. Journal of Sugar Beet, 2025; 41(1): 73-90. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2025.369144.1386 Fernandez GC. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Adaptation of food crops to temperature and water stress.In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress; AVRDC Publication, Tainan, . 1992; P. 257-270. Franco‐Navarro JD, Padilla YG, Álvarez S, Calatayud Á, Colmenero‐Flores JM, Gómez‐Bellot MJ, Hernández JA, Martínez‐Alcalá I, Peñella C, Pérez‐Pérez JG, Sánchez‐Blanco MJ. Advancements in water‐saving strategies and crop adaptation to drought: A comprehensive review. Physiologia Plantarum. 2025; 177(4): e70332. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70332 Ghafari E, Rajabi A, Izadi Darbandi A, Rouzbeh F, Amiri R. Evaluation of new sugar beet monogerm hybrids for drought tolerance. Journal of Crop Breeding, 2016; 8(17): 8-16. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jcb.8.17.16 Ghaffari H, Tadayon MR, Bahador M, Razmjoo J. Investigation of the proline role in controlling traits related to sugar and root yield of sugar beet under water deficit conditions. Agricultural Water Management. 2021; 243:106448. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106448 Hazrati S, Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Z, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Modarres-Sanavy SA, Mohammadi H, Nicola S. Effects of zeolite and water stress on growth, yield, and chemical compositions of Aloe vera L. Agricultural Water Management. 2017; 181:66-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.11.026 Hoffmann CM. Sucrose accumulation in sugar beet under drought stress. Journal of agronomy and crop science. 2010; 196(4):243-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2009.00415.x Hosseini SA, Réthoré E, Pluchon S, Ali N, Billiot B, Yvin JC. Calcium application enhances drought stress tolerance in sugar beet and promotes plant biomass and beetroot sucrose concentration. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019; 20(15):3777. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153777 Ilkaee, M. N., Forozesh, P., Habibi, D., Taleghani, D., Rajabi, A. Response of different sugar beet genotypes to water deficit stress. Journal of Sugar Beet, 2016; 32(2): 135-146. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2016.107054 Kamran M, Ahmad S, Ahmad I, Hussain I, Meng X, Zhang X, Javed T, Ullah M, Ding R, Xu P, Gu W. Paclobutrazol application favors yield improvement of maize under semiarid regions by delaying leaf senescence and regulating photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant system during the grain-filling stage. Agronomy. 2020; 10(2):187. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020187 Kaya G, Ergin N. Classification of red beet and sugar beet for drought tolerance using morpho-physiological and stomatal traits. Peer Journal. 2025; 13: e19133. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19133 Khodadadi S, Chegini MA, Soltani A, Ajam Norouzi H, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S. Influence of foliar-applied humic acid and some key growth regulators on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under drought stress: Antioxidant defense system, photosynthetic characteristics and sugar yield. Sugar Tech. 2020; 22(5):765-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00839-6 Khorshid, A., Mesbah, M., Ranji, Z., Vahedi, S., Mesbah, M. Correlation between quantitative and qualitative traits under salinity and drought in comparison with non-stress conditions in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Journal of Sugar Beet, 2004; 19(2): 123-132. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2004.7200 Kiymaz S, Ertek A. Yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) at different water and nitrogen levels under the climatic conditions of Kırsehir, Turkey. Agricultural Water Management. 2015; 158:156-65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.004 Kumar A, Nayak AK, Pani DR, Das BS. Physiological and morphological responses of four different rice cultivars to soil water potential-based deficit irrigation management strategies. Field Crops Research. 2017; 205:78-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.026 Li Y, Liu N, Fan H, Su J, Fei C, Wang K, Ma F, Kisekka I. Effects of deficit irrigation on photosynthesis, photosynthate allocation, and water use efficiency of sugar beet. Agricultural Water Management. 2019; 223:105701. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105701 Li Y, Ye W, Wang M, Yan X. Climate change and drought: a risk assessment of crop-yield impacts. Climate research. 2009; 39:31-46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00797 Lichtenthaler HK. [34] Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. pp. 350-382. In: Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press. 1987; (Vol. 148). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1 Namjoyan S, Rajabi A, Sorooshzadeh A, AghaAlikhani M. The potential of tebuconazole for mitigating oxidative stress caused by limited irrigation and improving sugar yield and root quality traits in sugar beet. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 162:547-55. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.027 Nikzad S, Sharafi S, Hamze H, Mahmoodi TM, Yazdan Seta S. Investigating the effect of foliar spraying of zinc nanoparticles and biostimulants on modulating the effect of water deficit stress in sugar beet by using Integrated Biomarker Response Version 2. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):37780. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19912-9 Ober ES, Clark CJ, Le Bloa M, Royal A, Jaggard KW, Pidgeon JD. Assessing the genetic resources to improve drought tolerance in sugar beet: agronomic traits of diverse genotypes under droughted and irrigated conditions. Field Crops Research. 2004; 90(2-3):213-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.03.004 Qiao M, Hong C, Jiao Y, Hou S, Gao H. Impacts of drought on photosynthesis in major food crops and the related mechanisms of plant responses to drought. Plants. 2024; 13(13):1808. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131808 Romanova AK, Semenova GA, Novichkova NS, Ignat’ev AR, Mudrik VA, Ivanov BN. Physiological, biochemical, and fluorescence parameters of senescing sugar beet leaves in the vegetative phase of growth. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2011; 58(2):271-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443711020178 Ruggiero A, Punzo P, Landi S, Costa A, Van Oosten MJ, Grillo S. Improving plant water use efficiency through molecular genetics. Horticulturae. 2017; 3(2):31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae3020031 Saeidabadi H, Afsharmanesh G, Shirzadi, M, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati, S. The effect of drought stress and transplanting method on agronomic characteristics, quantitative and qualitative yield as well as water use efficiency of different sugar beet cultivars in autumn planting. Journal of Sugar Beet, 2021; 37(1): 27-48. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2022.352225.1252 Taleghani D, Saremirad A. Drought impacts on the reaction of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) pollinator lines in terms of sugar. Crop Science Research in Arid Regions. 2023; 4(2):371-388. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22034/csrar.2022.321003.1173 Taleghani, D., Sadeghzadeh Hemayati, S., Matluobi, F., Khayamim, S. Study of some quantitative and qualitative traits of promising sugar beet genotypes under drought stress conditions. Journal of Sugar Beet, 2010; 25(2): 123-113. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2010.979 Wang G, Miao X, Xu B, Tian D, Ren J, Li Z, Li R, Zheng H, Wang J, Tang P, Feng Y. Exploring the water–soil–crop dynamic process and water use efficiency of typical irrigation units in the Agro-Pastoral ecotone of Northern China. Plants. 2024;13(14):1916. Doi: https://Doi.org/10.3390/plants13141916 Yang B, Fu P, Lu J, Ma F, Sun X, Fang Y. Regulated deficit irrigation: an effective way to solve the shortage of agricultural water for horticulture. Stress Biology. 2022; 2(1):28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-022-00050-5 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 256 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 200 |
||