اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات282
تعداد نشریات سازمان80
تعداد شماره‌ها3,247
تعداد مقالات35,895
تعداد مشاهده مقاله54,476,408
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله93,635,437
همتی, اکبر, اصغرزاده, احمد, کرمی, یعقوبعلی. (1405). پیامد کاربرد روی، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد لوبیا چیتی. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), 128-105. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2026.371700.291
اکبر همتی; احمد اصغرزاده; یعقوبعلی کرمی. "پیامد کاربرد روی، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد لوبیا چیتی". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, , , 1405, 128-105. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2026.371700.291
همتی, اکبر, اصغرزاده, احمد, کرمی, یعقوبعلی. (1405). 'پیامد کاربرد روی، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد لوبیا چیتی', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), pp. 128-105. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2026.371700.291
همتی, اکبر, اصغرزاده, احمد, کرمی, یعقوبعلی. پیامد کاربرد روی، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد لوبیا چیتی. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1405; (): 128-105. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2026.371700.291

پیامد کاربرد روی، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد لوبیا چیتی

زیست شناسی خاک
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 21 شهریور 1405    اصل مقاله (1.41 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sbj.2026.371700.291
نویسندگان
اکبر همتی* 1؛ احمد اصغرزاده2؛ یعقوبعلی کرمی1
1بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران.
2مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
چکیده
به­منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف فسفر، روی و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و سرعت رشد لوبیا چیتی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به­مدت دو سال (1401 و 1402) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان فارس اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: 1) فسفر در سه سطح: مقدار توصیه‌شده بر اساس آزمون خاک (P1)، 30 درصد بیشتر از (P2) P1 و 30 درصد کمتر از P1 (P3)؛ 2) روی در سه سطح: مقدار توصیه‌شده بر اساس آزمون خاک (Zn1)، 30 درصد بیشتر از (Zn2) Zn1 و 30 درصد کمتر از Zn1 (Zn3) ؛ 3) کودهای زیستی: تلقیح بذور با مایه تلقیح حاوی باکتری ریزوبیوم، ازتوباکتر و قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار (B1) و عدم تلقیح بذور (B0) بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه، روز درجه رشد، سرعت رشد، وزن صد دانه، مقادیر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم و روی دانه، پروتئین دانه، ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد دانه در بوته بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب نتایج نشان داد، اثرات فسفر، روی و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد دانه و سرعت رشد در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه برابر 2170 کیلوگرم در هکتار از تیمار P1Zn2B0 بدست آمد. روز درجه رشد در سال اول 1056 و در سال دوم 1088 بود. بیشترین سرعت رشد برابر 5/5 گرم در تیمار P2Zn3B0 و بیشترین مقدار کلونیزاسیون برابر 7/72 درصد در تیمار P1Zn3B0 دیده شد. بر اساس ارزیابی­های اقتصادی، تیمار P3Zn3B0 با بازده ناخالص 80/1255 ریال در هکتار دارای بیشترین بازده ناخالص اقتصادی در بین تیمارهای اعمالی بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ازتوباکتر؛ درجه روز رشد؛ ریزوبیوم؛ قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار؛ کارایی مصرف عناصر غذایی
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of zinc, phosphorus and bio fertilizers application on yield and growth indices in pinto bean
نویسندگان [English]
Akbar Hemmati1؛ Ahmad Asgharzadeh2؛ Yaghoubali Karami1
1Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
2Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives: Beans are highly effective in fixing nitrogen and enhancing the fertility of agricultural soils due to their symbiosis with bacteria, contributing large amounts of nitrogen to the soil annually after harvest. Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the major pulse crops grown in Iran. It is widely cultivated in dry and semi-arid regions. Cold stress is a major challenge for global agriculture, especially in cold regions. In these areas, the sowing date is delayed due to low temperatures or high moisture in the soil. Consequently, the seed yield of pinto beans significantly decreases with delayed sowing. Previous studies suggest that the application of chemical fertilizers (particularly zinc and phosphorus) and bio-fertilizers can induce early maturity under such conditions. Biofertilizers are important for improving the qualitative and biochemical properties of plants by enhancing soil quality, which is directly related to producing high-quality and functional food. Their use is particularly valuable in the cultivation of common beans. Phosphorous and zinc are the major potential yield-limiting nutrients in Iran. The deficiency of these nutrients becomes even more serious in alkaline calcareous dry soils. Another important aspect of P and Zn nutrition is the interaction effect between them, especially in soils marginally deficient in both elements. When P and Zn are applied together to such soils, crop yields are reported to increase due to the positive interaction of P and Zn. Therefore, considering the importance of the above, this study was conducted to assess the effect of the combined application of different rates of P, Zn, and bio-fertilizers on the yield and yield components of dry bean plants grown in a soil deficient in P and Zn in the north of Fars province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications over two growing seasons (2022 and 2023) to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer application and different phosphorus and zinc fertilizer levels on the seed yield and growth indices of pinto beans. The experimental factors were: (1) phosphorus at three levels: the recommended rate based on soil test results (P1), 30% above the recommended rate (P2), and 30% below the recommended rate (P3); (2) zinc at three levels: the recommended rate based on soil test results (Zn1), 30% above the recommended rate (Zn2), and 30% below the recommended rate (Zn3); and (3) biofertilizer at two levels: seed inoculation with an inoculant containing Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (B1), and no seed inoculation (B0). The measured traits included seed yield, root colonization, growing degree days (GDD), crop growth rate (CGR), 100-seed weight, seed nutrient contents (N, P, K, and Zn), seed protein content, plant height, and number of pods per plant.
Results: The results of the analysis for some selected physical and chemical properties of the soil used are given in Table 1. The soil has a silty clay texture, an alkaline pH, and is calcareous with a calcium carbonate content of 25%. The soil is non-saline with a low organic matter content (<5%) and is deficient in total N content, which is typical for semi-arid soils. ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.01) effects of phosphorus, zinc, and bio-fertilizers on yield, CGR, biomass (dry and fresh weight), and pod and seed counts per plant. The highest yield (2170 kg ha⁻¹) was recorded in the P1Zn2B0 treatment (30% more P, 30% less Zn, and no inoculation). GDD averaged 1056 and 1088 in the first and second years, respectively. The maximum CGR (5.5 g m⁻² day⁻¹) occurred in inoculated seeds under the P2Zn3B0 treatment. The highest pod (14.3) and seed counts per plant (48) were observed in the P3Zn3B0 treatment, while seeds per pod peaked at 1.4 in the P3Zn2B0 treatment. The maximum plant height (94 cm) was observed in the P2Zn1B1 and P2Zn3B1 treatments. Seed phosphorus was elevated by bio-fertilizer inoculation, and root colonization peaked at 72.7% in the P1Zn3B0 treatment. The highest 100-seed weights were 46.2 and 50.7 g in the two years of the experiment. The 100-seed weight was increased by zinc and bio-fertilizer treatments, whereas phosphorus did not affect the 100-seed weight. Economic analysis favored the P3Zn3B0 treatment with the highest gross return (1255.8 Rials).
Conclusion: Bean responses to P, Zn, and biofertilizers were strongly dependent on environmental conditions and nutrient interactions, with variations in grain yield primarily associated with the seed number per plant. The inconsistent effects of biofertilizers and year-dependent treatment responses highlight the need for balanced, site-specific nutrient management rather than fixed fertilizer rates. Seed nutritional quality was largely stable, while root colonization suggested a potential contribution from indigenous mycorrhizal populations. Overall, optimizing the P–Zn balance according to soil and environmental conditions appears more promising than increasing fertilizer inputs, although multi-year validation is required.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Azotobacter, Growing degree days (GDD), Nutrient use efficiency, Rhizobium
مراجع
  1. Akiyama, K., Matsuzaki, K. and Hayashi, H. 2005. Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Nature, 435(7043), pp. 824–827. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03608
  2. Amiri, S., 2021. Application of bio-fertilizers for enhancing growth and yield of common bean plants grown under water stress conditions, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, pp. 3901–3908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.044
  3. Barbosa, N., Portilla, E., Buendía, F., Raatz, B., Beebe, S. and Rao, I., 2018. Genotypic differences in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability and seed yield of climbing bean', Plant and Soil, 428, pp. 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3668-6
  4. Bedine, M. A. B., Iacomi, B., Tchameni, S. N., Sameza, M. L., & Fekam, F. B. (2022). Harnessing the phosphate-solubilizing ability of Trichoderma strains to improve plant growth, phosphorus uptake and photosynthetic pigment contents in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 45, 102510.
  5. Beebe, S., Rao, I.M., Blair, M.W. and Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., 2013. Phenotyping common beans for adaptation to drought, Frontiers in Physiology, 4, Article 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00035
  6. Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M.A., Raza, S., Khan, M.I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N. and Zhang, L., 2019. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth regulation: Implications in abiotic stress tolerance', Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, Article 1068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01068
  7. Ben Mrid, R., El Omari, N., Balahbib, A., Bakrim, S., Abdelouahid, D.E., Zengin, G., Bouyahya, A. and Bnouham, M., 2022. Biofertilizers as a sustainable tool for improving soil fertility and crop productivity: Current status and future perspectives', Sustainability, 14(23), Article 15849.
  8. Bouain, N., Shahzad, Z., Rouached, A., Khan, G. A., Berthomieu, P., Abdelly, C., ... & Rouached, H. (2014). Phosphate and zinc transport and signalling in plants: toward a better understanding of their homeostasis interaction. Journal of experimental botany, 65(20), 5725-5741.
  9. Bremner, J.M., 1996. Nitrogen-total, in Sparks, D.L. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, pp. 1085–1122. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c37
  10. Cakmak, I., 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic biofortification, Plant and Soil, 302, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9466-3
  11. Campbell, D.C. and Kondra, Z.P., 1978. Relationships among growth patterns, yield components and yield of rapeseed', Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 58, pp. 87–93. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps78-013
  12. Choi, J., Summers, W. and Paszkowski, U., 2018. Mechanisms underlying establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 56, pp. 135–160.
  13. Daemo, B.B., Wolancho, G.B. and Wakalto, D.D., 2024. Determination of the appropriate blended inorganic fertilizer rate recommendation for the optimal common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grain yield and profitability in the Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agronomy, 2024, 7169608. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7169608
  14. Dapaah, H.K., McKenzie, B.A. and Hill, G.D., 2000. Influence of sowing date on phenological development and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Canterbury, New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28, pp. 1–9.
  15. Gianquinto, G., Abu-Rayyan, A., Di Tola, L., Piccotino, D., & Pezzarossa, B. (2000). Interaction effects of phosphorus and zinc on photosynthesis, growth and yield of dwarf bean grown in two environments. Plant and Soil, 220(1), 219-228.
  16. Heinrich, A., Sullivan, D. and Peachey, E., 2013. Improving fertilizer P and N use efficiency in sweet corn. Research Report to the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission.
  17. Hemmati, A., 2004. Study the application of micronutrients in yield and quality of pinto bean. Final Research Report No. 1192. Tehran: Soil and Water Research Institute. (In Persian).
  18. Hemmati, A. and Nasrollahi, Kh., 2009. Determination of phosphorus and potassium requirement for Prosper white bean line of Jules. Final Research Report No. 88/638. Tehran: Soil and Water Research Institute. (In Persian).
  19. Hemmati, A., Feizian, M., Asadi Rahmani, H. and Azizi, Kh., 2017. The effects of rhizobium bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on water use efficiency and yield of common bean under drought stress conditions. PhD dissertation. Khorramabad: Lorestan University, Iran.
  20. Hemmati, A., Barkhordar, M. and Hemmati, S., 2020. Effect of Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on yield and decreasing nitrogen application of pinto bean in Fars Province. Final Research Report No. 57885. Tehran: Soil and Water Research Institute. (In Persian).
  21. Henson, R.A. and Bliss, F.A., 1991. Effects of N fertilizer application timing on common bean production, Fertilizer Research, 29, pp. 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01048989
  22. Jalal, A., Mortinho, E.S., Oliveira, C.E.S., Fernandes, G.C., Furlani Junior, E., Lima, B.H., Moreira, A., Nogueira, T.A.R., Galindo, F.S. and Teixeira Filho, M.C.M., 2023. Nano-zinc and plant growth-promoting bacteria is a sustainable alternative for improving productivity and agronomic biofortification of common bean’, Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 10( 77).
  23. Jarak, M., Jafari, T.H. and Djuric, S., 2012. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in bean production, Acta Horticulturae, 960, pp. 409–415. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.960.58
  24. Jarak, M., Mrkovacki, N., Bjelic, D., Josic, D., Hajnal-Jafari, T. and Stamenov, D., 2012. Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on growth and yield of bean’, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(11), pp. 2784–2788. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1406
  25. Jithesh, T., James, E.K., Iannetta, P.P.M., Howard, B., Dickin, E. and Monaghan, J.M., 2024. Recent progress and potential future directions to enhance biological nitrogen fixation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)', Plant-Environment Interactions, 5(3), e10145. https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10145
  26. Kader, M.A., Mian, M.H. and Hoque, M.S., 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat, Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(4), pp. 259–261.
  27. McMaster, G.S. and Wilhelm, W.W., 1997. Growing degree-days: One equation, two interpretations, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87, pp. 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0
  28. Merkeb, F. and Yoseph, T., 2024. Improving nutritional values and yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars via foliar application of zinc and iron fertilizers. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 10(2), e70004. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70004
  29. Nyoki, D. and Ndakidemi, P.A., 2021. Will phosphate bio-solubilization stimulate biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes, Frontiers in Agronomy, 3, 637196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2021.637196
  30. Onyango Ogutu, P., 2013. Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). MSc thesis. Nairobi: University of Nairobi, Kenya.
  31. Ozbahce, A. and Zengin, M., 2014. Effects of foliar and soil applications of different manganese fertilizers on yield and net return of bean, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(2), pp. 161–171.
  32. Phillips, J.M. and Hayman, D.S., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 55(1), pp. 158–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(70)80110-3
  33. Prasad, P.V.V., Boote, K.J., Allen Jr, L.H. and Thomas, J.M., 2002. Effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide on seed-set and yield of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Global Change Biology, 8(8), pp. 710–721. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00518.x
  34. Qodsevali, A. R. M., Mokhtarian, H., Bakhsh Abadi, M. & Nematshahi, M., 2015. Investigation of
  35. engineering properties and optimization of 1000 kernel mass of chickpea by genetic algorithm. Journal of
  36. Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 7, 1-13.
  37. Reed, S.T. and Martens, D.C., 1996. Copper and zinc, in Sparks, D.L. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, pp. 703–722. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c23
  38. Reinprecht, Y., Schram, L., Marsolais, F., Smith, T.H., Hill, B. and Pauls, K.P., 2020. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen fixation in common bean production’, Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, Article 1172. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01172
  39. Sadeghi, S., Heidari, G. and Sohrabi, Y., 2015. Effect of biological fertilizer and fertilization management on some growth indices of two maize varieties’, Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(3), pp. 43–60.
  40. Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M. and Zahir, Z.A., 2006. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase on maize (Zea mays L.) growth under axenic conditions and on nodulation in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), Letters in Applied Microbiology, 42(2), pp. 155–159.
  41. Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M., Zahir, Z.A. and Khalid, A., 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(9), pp. 2971–2975.
  42. Sharma, S., Compant, S., Reddy, M.S. and Kaushal, R., 2023. Microbial consortia for sustainable agriculture: Current status and future perspectives, Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 1184562. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184562
  43. Silva, E.M., Lacerda, J.J.J., Silva, L.H.C., 2022. Agronomic practices to increase the yield and quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): A systematic review, Agronomy, 12(2) https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020271
  44. Smith, S.E., Jakobsen, I., Grønlund, M. and Smith, F.A., 2011. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition, Plant Physiology, 156, pp. 1050–1057. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.174581
  45. Smith, S.E. and Smith, F.A., 2011. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant nutrition and growth: New paradigms from cellular to ecosystem scales, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 62, pp. 227–250.
  46. Smith, S.E. and Smith, F.A., 2011. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant nutrition and growth, Plant and Soil, 348, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0985-6
  47. Summerfield, R.J., Huxley, P.A. and Minchin, F.R., 1991. Plant and crop modelling: The need for improved crop weather relationships, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 56, pp. 1–15.
  48. Snyder, R.L., 1985. Hand calculating degree days, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 35(1–4), pp. 353–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(85)90095-9
  49. Vance, C.P., Uhde-Stone, C. and Allan, D.L., 2003. Phosphorus acquisition and use: Critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource, New Phytologist, 157, pp. 423–447.
  50. Wang, E., Martre, P., Zhao, Z., Ewert, F., Maiorano, A., Rötter, R.P. and Asseng, S., 2017. The uncertainty of crop yield projections is reduced by improved temperature response functions, Nature Plants, 3, Article 17102. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.102
  51. Yarnia, M., Soltani Bouljak, M., Bolouri, P. and Tolay, İ., 2024. Zinc and manganese effect seed quality and germination in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 50(1), pp.154–168. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3170.
  52. Yousefi, Z., Sharifi, P. and Rabiee, M., 2023. Effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on seed yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Seed Research. AGRIS
  53. Zewdie, T. and Hassen, E., 2021. Review on effects of phosphorus fertilizer rates on growth, yield components and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Journal of Current Research in Food Science, 2(1), pp. 34–39.
  54. Zoffoli, B.C., Brito, L.F., Straliotto, R. and Araújo, A.P., 2021. Early nitrogen supplementation stimulates the nodulation and growth of common bean plants inoculated with rhizobium', Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 43, e55105. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.55105

 

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 49
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 27


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب