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پیامد کاربرد روی، فسفر و کودهای زیستی در عملکرد و شاخص های رشد لوبیا چیتی | ||
| زیست شناسی خاک | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 21 شهریور 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sbj.2026.371700.291 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اکبر همتی* 1؛ احمد اصغرزاده2 | ||
| 1عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس | ||
| 2دانشیارموسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف فسفر، روی و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و سرعت رشد لوبیا چیتی، آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بهمدت دو سال (1401 و 1402) درمزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان فارس اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: 1) فسفر در سه سطح: مقدار توصیهشده بر اساس آزمون خاک (P1)، 30 درصد بیشتر از (P2) P1 و 30 درصد کمتر از P1 (P3)؛ 2) روی در سه سطح: مقدار توصیهشده بر اساس آزمون خاک (Zn1)، 30 درصد بیشتر از (Zn2) Zn1 و 30 درصد کمتر از Zn1 (Zn3) ؛ 3( کودهای زیستی: تلقیح بذور با مایه تلقیح حاوی باکتری ریزوبیوم، ازتوباکتر و قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار (B1) و عدم تلقیح بذور (B0) بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه، روز درجه رشد، سرعت رشد، وزن صد دانه، مقادیر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم و روی دانه، پروتئین دانه، ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد دانه در بوته بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب نتایج نشان داد، اثرات فسفر، روی و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد دانه و سرعت رشد در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه برابر 2170 کیلو گرم در هکتار از تیمار P1Zn2B0 بدست آمد. روزدرجه رشد در سال اول 1056 و در سال دوم 1088 بود. بیشترین سرعت رشد برابر 5/5 گرم در تیمار P2Zn3B0 و بیشترین مقدار کلونیزاسیون برابر 7/72 درصد در تیمار P1Zn3B0 دیده شد. بر اساس ارزیابیهای اقتصادی، تیمار P3Zn3B0 با بازده ناخالص 80/1255 ریال در هکتار دارای بیشترین بازده ناخالص اقتصادی در بین تیمارهای اعمالی بود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ازتوباکتر؛ درجه روز رشد؛ ریزوبیوم؛ کارایی مصرف عناصر غذایی؛ قارچهای میکوریز آربوسکولار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of zinc, phosphorus and bio fertilizers application on yield and growth indices in pinto bean | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Akbar Hemmati1؛ Ahmad Asgharzadeh2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Beans are very effective in stabilizing nitrogen and fertility of agricultural soil due to their coexistence with bacteria, and large amounts of nitrogen are added to the soil every year after harvesting this plant. Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the major pulses crops in Iran. It is widely cultivated in dry and semidry regions. Cold stress is a major challenge for global agriculture, especially in cold regions. In this area the date sowing is delay for low temperature or moisture in the soil. Then the seed yield of pinto bean significantly decreased with delayed sowing. Previous studies suggest that chemical, (particularly zinc and phosphorus) and bio-fertilizer applications can induce early maturity under such conditions. Biofertilizers are important in improving the qualitative and biochemical properties of plants by increasing the quality of the soil, which is directly related to obtaining quality and functional food. Their use is particularly valuable in the cultivation of common beans. Phosphorous and zinc are the major potentially yield limiting in Iran. The deficiency of these nutrients becomes even more serious in alkaline calcareous dry soils. The other important aspect of P and Zn nutrition is the interaction effect between them, especially in soils marginally deficient in P and Zn. If P and Zn are fertilized together, to such soils crop yields are reported to increase with positive interaction of P and Zn. Therefore, considering the importance of the above, this study was conducted to assess the effect of combined fertilization of different rates of P, Zn and bio fertilizer on yield and yield components of dry bean plants using a soil that is deficient in P and Zn in the north of Fars province, Iran. Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications over two growing seasons (2022 and 2023) to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer application and different phosphorus and zinc fertilizer levels on seed yield and growth indices of pinto bean. The experimental factors were: (1) phosphorus at three levels: the recommended rate based on soil test results (P1), 30% above the recommended rate (P2), and 30% below the recommended rate (P3); (2) zinc at three levels: the recommended rate based on soil test results (Zn1), 30% above the recommended rate (Zn2), and 30% below the recommended rate (Zn3); and (3) biofertilizer at two levels: seed inoculation with an inoculant containing Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (B1), and no seed inoculation (B0). The measured traits included seed yield, root colonization, growing degree days (GDD), crop growth rate (CGR), 100-seed weight, seed nutrient contents (N, P, K, and Zn), seed protein content, plant height, and the number of pods per plant. Results: The results of analysis for some selected physical and chemical properties of the soil us are given in Table 1. The soil is silt clay in texture, alkaline in pH and calcareous with calcium carbonate content of 25%. The soil is non- saline with low organic matter content (<5%) and deficient in total N content, typical for semiarid soils. ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.01) effects of phosphorus, zinc, and bio-fertilizers on yield, CGR, biomass (dry and fresh weight), pod and seed count per plant. The highest yield (2170 kg ha⁻¹) was recorded in the P1Zn2B0treatment (30% more P, 30% less Zn, no inoculation). GDD averaged 1056 and 1088 in the first and second years. The maximum CGR (5.5 g m⁻² day⁻¹) occurred in inoculated seeds under P2Zn3B0 treatment. Highest pod (14.3) and seed count per plant (48) were observed in P3Zn3B0, while seeds per pod peaked at 1.4 in P3Zn2B0. Maximum plant height (94 cm) was in P2Zn1B1 and P2Zn3B1 treatments, respectively. Seed phosphorus was elevated by bio-fertilizer inoculation and root colonization peaked at 72.7% in P1Zn3B0. The highest 100 seed weight was 46.2 and 50.7 g in two years' experiment. The 100 seed weight was increased by zinc and bio fertilizes treatment, whereas the phosphorus hasn’t affected on 100 seed weight. Economic analysis favored P3Zn3B0 with the highest gross return (1255.8 Rials). Conclusion:Bean responses to P, Zn, and biofertilizers were strongly dependent on environmental conditions and nutrient interactions, with variation in grain yield primarily associated with seed number per plant. The inconsistent effects of biofertilizers and year-dependent treatment responses highlight the need for balanced, site-specific nutrient management rather than fixed fertilizer rates. Seed nutritional quality was largely stable, while root colonization suggested a potential contribution of indigenous mycorrhizal populations. Overall, optimizing the P–Zn balance according to soil and environmental conditions appears more promising than increasing fertilizer inputs, although multi-year validation is required. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Azotobacter, Growing degree days (GDD), Nutrient use efficiency, Rhizobium | ||
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