| Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss is considered a medicinal plant of Apiaceae family, which has a bright future in the identification of bioactive components and the fields of medicine. The present research aimed to optimize the extraction of S. cordifolium leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction and determine phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content and antioxidant attributes. Initially, the effective factors on extraction were screened in eight examined assays through the Taguchi design approach. The best conditions were as follows in the present research: 80% ethanol concentration, 20 °C temperature, 200 W ultrasound power, 30 min period, young leaves and ratio of extract to solvent 1:60. The most suitable responses were hexanoic acid (8.96 mg/g), 2-methylhexanoic acid (8.22 mg/g), 8-quinolinol-2-butyl (9.99 mg/g), octadecanoic acid (10.22 mg/g) and phytol (34.3 mg/g) using the high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, TPC (48.25 mg gallic acid/g) and antioxidant traits (73.26%) were calculated for the optimized sample. The ultrasound power, solvent concentration, and leaf age were screened as the most effective factors for optimization by the central composite design (CCD). The levels of 8.46, 6.78, 10.15 and 11.24 mg/g for hexanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 8-quinolinol-2-butyl and octadecanoic acid were predicted based on CCD in twenty samples and conditions of 43.7% ethanol, 97.99 W ultrasound power, and 56 days old leaves, respectively. The TPC (43.97 mg gallic acid/g) content and antioxidant activity (63.68%) were reported for the optimized treatment. According to the results obtained, S. cordifolium extract has suitable phytochemical components that possess the necessary potential to play a functional role. |
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