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کارایی زراعی نیتروژن و واکنش ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) به تلقیح با ازتوباکتر تحت سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 144، مرداد 1405، صفحه 41-64 اصل مقاله (953.26 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2026.369734.1701 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا علی نژاد سراپرده1؛ غلامرضا خواجویی نژاد* 2؛ عنایت الله توحیدی نژاد3؛ جلال قنبری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان | ||
| 2استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان | ||
| 4موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کارایی زراعی نیتروژن و واکنش ارقام کینوا (تیتیکاکا و ردکارینا) به تلقیح با ازتوباکتر (Azotobacter chroococcum) در شرایط کاربرد سطوح نیتروژن (0، 50 و 100 درصد مقدار توصیه شده) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع و تعداد پانیکول در رقم ردکارینا بیشتر از تیتیکاکا بود. بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته از تلقیح با باکتری در شرایط کوددهی 100 درصد حاصل شد که با شرایط تلقیح در کوددهی 50 درصد تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد. همچنین، رقم ردکارینا در شرایط عدم کوددهی و 50 درصد کوددهی، به‌ترتیب 34 و 33 درصد تعداد دانه بیشتر و وزن هزاردانه کمتر (به‌ترتیب 21 و 22 درصد) نسبت به رقم تیتیکاکا نشان داد. تلقیح با ازتوباکتر عملکرد دانه و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن را 15 درصد نسبت به عدم تلقیح افزایش داد. علاوه بر این، کاربرد 100 درصد کوددهی نسبت به شاهد 3/29 درصد عملکرد دانه و 7/25 درصد کارایی مصرف نیتروژن را بهبود داد اما با 50 درصد تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد. بیشترین کارایی زراعی نیتروژن در هر دو رقم از 50 درصد کوددهی در تلقیح با باکتری حاصل شد. با این وجود، تلقیح در رقم ردکارینا با افزایش سطح کود به 100 درصد، کارایی زراعی کوددهی نیتروژن را نسبت به عدم تلقیح بهبود داد که بیانگر پاسخ بهتر ردکارینا به فراهمی نیتروژن دارد. کارایی تلقیح باکتری در رقم ردکارینا با افزایش سطح کاربرد کود، بهبود یافت. در مقابل، رقم تیتیکاکا در شرایط کاربرد 50 درصد کود، بالاترین کارایی را نشان داد؛ بنابراین می‌تواند در شرایط محدودیت تأمین نیتروژن، کارایی بالاتری داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| باکتری محرک رشد؛ تیتیکاکا؛ ردکارینا؛ کارایی تلقیح باکتری؛ کارایی مصرف نیتروژن؛ کود شیمیایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars to inoculation with Azotobacter at varying nitrogen application levels | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Alinejad Sarapardeh1؛ Gholamreza Khajoei-Nejad2؛ Enayatollah Tohidi-Nejad3؛ Jalal Ghanbari4 | ||
| 1MSc Student in Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran | ||
| 4Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The provision of nitrogen to plants poses significant challenges due to the element's mobility within the soil. In this context, the effective use of biological resources for nitrogen biological fixation can significantly enhance nitrogen productivity (Aasfar et al., 2021). Employing plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), is recognized as a beneficial agronomic strategy to improve nitrogen absorption and optimize fertilizer use efficiency, thereby improving plant nutrition (Consentino et al., 2022). Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), known for its extensive genetic diversity and adaptability to various climates, as well as its high efficiency in utilizing water resources, presents an ideal option for cultivation in limited water availability conditions and saline soils (Lavini et al., 2014). The objective of this research was to assess the response of two quinoa cultivars, Titicaca and Redcarina, to inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum at varying nitrogen application levels and to analyze the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization. Materials and Methods This study was conducted during the 2023-2024 growing season at the Shahid Bahonar University Research Farm, Kerman, Iran. The research was carried out in a split-factorial design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor examined was the application of nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Additionally, seed inoculation with Azotobacter and quinoa cultivars were investigated as factorial treatments in subplots. Urea fertilizer was applied at three levels: control (no chemical fertilizer application), 50% of the plant's nutritional requirement, and 100% of the plant's nutritional requirements. The impact of biofertilizer inoculation was assessed at two levels: no inoculation (control) and inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum. The cultivars evaluated in this study were Titicaca and Redcarina. At the end of the growth period, various traits were measured, including plant height, number of panicles per plant, number of seeds per panicle, total seeds per plant, thousand-seed weight, grain yield per m2, as well as the bacterial inoculation efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, and nitrogen use efficiency. Results & Discussion The findings indicated that the Redcarina cultivar exhibited greater plant height and a higher number of panicles per plant compared to the Titicaca. The maximum seed number per plant was achieved through bacterial inoculation under 100% fertilization conditions, which did not significantly differ from the results obtained with 50% fertilization. Furthermore, the Redcarina cultivar produced 34% and 33% more seeds per plant than the Titicaca cultivar under no fertilization and 50% fertilization conditions, respectively. Conversely, under both no fertilization and 50% fertilization conditions, Redcarina demonstrated a lower thousand-seed weight by 21% and 22%, respectively, compared to the Titicaca cultivar. Inoculation with Azotobacter resulted in a 15% increase in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) relative to no-inoculation. Additionally, the application of the 100% fertilization level led to a 29.3% enhancement in grain yield and a 25.7% increase in NUE compared to the control, although no significant difference was observed when compared to the 50% fertilization. The investigation of the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization (AEN) revealed that the examined cultivars exhibited varying responses to bacterial inoculation across different fertilizer levels. Notably, both cultivars achieved the highest AEN at a 50% fertilization rate when bacterial inoculation was applied. However, in the case of the Redcarina cultivar, an increase in fertilizer application to 100% resulted in enhanced AEN compared to no-inoculation, suggesting that Redcarina demonstrates a superior response to nitrogen availability. Additionally, the findings regarding the bacterial inoculation effect (BIE) indicated that the BIE in the Redcarina cultivar was improved with higher levels of fertilizer application. Conversely, the Titicaca cultivar reached its highest efficiency at a 50% nitrogen fertilizer application, indicating its optimal performance under limited nitrogen supply conditions. This characteristic contributed to a decline in the bacterial inoculation efficiency in Titicaca cultivar as fertilizer application levels increased. Conclusion Redcarina cultivar exhibited a superior response to nitrogen availability, as elevating the fertilizer level to 100% enhances the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization. Conversely, the Titicaca cultivar demonstrates the highest agronomic efficiency of nitrogen under limited-nitrogen supply conditions, since raising the fertilizer level to 100% did not improve its agronomic efficiency. Consequently, the cultivars examined can be strategically utilized to optimize the potential of quinoa, taking into account varying levels of agricultural land fertility. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bacterial inoculation effect, Chemical fertilizer, Growth promoting bacteria, Nitrogen use efficiency, Redcarina, Titicaca | ||
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