Abbasipour Shoushtari, H. 1990. Bio–ecology of corn stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. and its natural enemies in fields of Khuzestan. MSc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 169 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Abbasipour Shushtari, H. 2004. Biological characteristics of Platytelenomus hylas (Hym.: Scelionidae) an egg parasitoid of corn and sugarcane stalk borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Khuzestan province. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 23: 103–116.
Agah Manesh, H., Rajabpour, A., Yarahmadi, F. & Farsi, A. 2021. Potential of ultrasound to control Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology, 50 (5): 1–7.
Al–Bayati, K.A.H., Mohammed, Z.M., Taha, A.A., Hassan, H.H., Ahmed, H.A. & Ali, A.H. 2023. Management of the yellow corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Led. using some pesticides and their alternatives and Ttheir effect on production constituents of yellow corn crop Zea mays in Kirkuk governorate. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1252–012014. (https://doi.org/10.1088/1755–1315/1252/1/012014).
Alexandri, M.P. & Tsitsipis, J.A. 1990. Influence of the egg parasitoid Platytelenomus busseolae (Gahan) (Hym.: Scelionidae) on the populations of Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep.: Noctuidae) in central Greece. Entomophaga, 35: 16–25.
Ameline, A. & Frerot, B. 2001. Pheromone blends and trap designs can affect catches of Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep., Noctuidae) males in maize fields. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125: 15–18.
Anonymous, 2025. Agricultural Statitics, Crop Plants, Vol. 1, 126 pp., Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Iran.
Arbabtafti, R. 2021. Constructing a Forecasting Model of Sesamia cretica (Lep.: Noctuidae) Using Temperature–Dependent Phenology. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 178 pp.
Arbabtafti, R., Fathipour, Y. & Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 2021. Population fluctuation and spatial distribution pattern of Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Southeastern Tehran, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 23(2): 371–385.
Arbabtafti, R., Fathipour, Y. & Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 2023. Thermal requirements and development response to constant temperatures by Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 43(2): 561–579.
Askarianzadeh, A. 2004. Survey of resistance mechanism of sugar cane varieties to stem borers Sesamia spp. (Lep.: Noctuidae). PhD Thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Plant protection Dep. Agriculture and Natural Resource Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. 128 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Askarianzadeh, A. Moharramipour, S. Kamali, K. & Fathipour, Y. 2008. Evaluation of damage stalk borers, Sesamia spp. (Lep., Noctuidae) on sugarcane quality in Iran. Entomological Research, 38(4): 263–267. (https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1748–5967. 2008. 00183.x).
Azizi, H. 1980. Sugarcane cultivation in Khuzestan. Karun Sugarcane Agro–Industry Co., Iran, 291 pp.
Babamir Satehi, A. 2023. Biology, ecophysiology and population dynamism of the sugarcane stem borer Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and biology of its parasitoid wasp Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) under field conditions. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahwaz, Iran, 118 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Babamir Satehi, A., Habibpour, B., Ranjbar Aghdam, H. & Hemmati, S.A. 2022. Interaction between feeding efficiency and digestive physiology of the pink stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and biochemical compounds of different sugarcane cultivars, Arthropod Plant Interactions, 16 (3–4): 309–316.
Baniabbasi, N. 1981. News, Entomology News Letter, International Society of Sugarcane Technologist, 10, 2.
Bayram, A., Salerno, G., Conti, E., Wajnberg, E., Bin, F. & Kornosor, S. 2004. Sex allocation in Telenomus busseolae, a solitary parasitoid of concealed eggs: the influence of host patch size. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111: 141–149. (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013–8703.2004.00161.x).
Beck, J. & Linsenmair, K.E. 2006. Feasibility of light–trapping in community research on moths: attraction radius of light, completeness of samples, nightly flight times and seasonality of Southeast–Asian hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 39: 18–37.
Box, H.E. 1953. List of sugarcane insects. London Commonwealth Inst. P. 101.
Calatayud, P.A., Le Ru, B.P. & Silvain, J.F. 2014. Ecology and management of cereal stem borers in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology, 59: 205–227.
Chabi–Olaye, A., Schulthess, F., Shanower, T.G., & BosquePerez, N.A. 1997. Factors influencing the developmental rates and reproductive potentials of Telenomus busseolae (Gahan) (Hym: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lep: Noctuidae). Biological Control, 8: 15–21. (https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1996.0478).
Chang, Y.S. and Wang, K.R. 1995. Statistical analysis of the effect of sugarcane borer damage on cane juice quality. Report of the Taiwan Sugar Research Institute 149: 1–12.
Chen, W., Li, Y., Wang, M., Mao. J., & Zhang, L. 2021. Evaluating the potential of using Spodoptera litura eggs for mass–rearing Telenomus remus, a promising egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda. Insects, 12: 384. (https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050384).
Cheraghali, Z., Esfandiari, M., Mossadegh, M.S., and Rajabi Memari, M. 2015. Genetic diversity of populations of the stem borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in southern and southwestern Iran, using RAPD–PCR. North–Western Journal of Zoology, 11(1): 70–75.
Cheraghi, A., Shishehbor, P., Kocheili, F., Rasekh, A. & Jamshidnia, A. 2018. Effects of egg age in Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on parasitism, development and reproduction of Telenomus busseolae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Journal of Crop Protection, 7(2): 125–133.
Choudhary, A.K. & Shrivastava, S.k. 2007. Incidence of Sesamia inferens Walk in sugarcane as internode borer in sugarcane at Hoshangabad, India. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(2):320–321.
Conlong, D. E. 1994. A review and perspectives for the biological control of the African sugarcane stalk borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 48(1):9–17.
Croft, B.A. 1990. Arthropod biological control agents and pesticides. Wiley, New York, USA.
Dader, B., Aguirre, E., Caballero, P. & Medina, P. 2020. Synergy of lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses AcMNPV and SpliNPV with insecticide. Insects. 11(5):316. (https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11050316).
Daniali, M. 1977. Biological studies of sugarcane stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep.; Noctuidae) in Haft–Tapeh. Entomologie et phytopathologie Appliquees, 44: 1–22. (In Persian with English summary).
Daniali, M. 1984. Investigation on using biological, cultural, and chemical controlling methods against sugarcane stem borers in Haft–Tapeh region, Khuzestan, MSc. Thesis, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, 114 pp.
Dent, D. 2000. Insect pest management. 2nd ed. CAB International Press. London.
Ebert, G., & Hacker, H.H. 2002. Beitrag zur Fauna der Noctuidae des Iran: Verzeichnis der Bestande im Staatlichen Museum fur Naturkunde Karlsruhe, taxonomische Bemerkungen und Beschreibung neuer Taxa (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 9: 237–409.
Eizaguirre, M., Lopez, C., Asin, L. & Albajes, R. 1994. Theermoperiodism, photoperiodism and sensitive stage in the diapause induction of Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep.: Noctuidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 40(2): 113–119.
Eizaguirre, M. & Fantinou, A.A. 2012. Abundance of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin. Psyche. 1–7.
EPPO. 2010. EPPO standards on safe use of biological control PM 6/3. http://archives.eppo.org/ EPPO Standards/ biocontrol web. [Accessed on 12 June 2012].
Esfandiari, M., Mossadegh, M.S. & Shishehbor, P. 2011. Noctuidae s.l. (Lepidoptera) from sugarcane fields of SW Iran. Fragmenta Faunistica, 54(2): 137–147.
Fantinou, A.A., Perdikis, D. & Chatzoglou, C.S. 2003. Development of immature stages of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under alternating and constant temperatures. Environment Entomology, 32: 1337–1342.
FAO. 2021. World Food and Agriculture–Statistical Yearbook 2021. Rome. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4477en).
Farsi, A. & Arbabtafti, R. 2024. Seasonal dynamics and sequential sampling plan of the pink stem borer Sesamia cretica (Lep.: Noctuidae) in corn fields of Khuzestan. Plant Pest Research, 14(3): 1–13. (https://doi.org/10.22124/iprj.2024. 28312.1593). (In Persian with English summary).
Farsi, A. & Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 2025. The possibility of using artificial oviposition substrates for mass rearing of Sesamia cretica and S. nonagrioides (Lep.: Noctuidae) under laboratory condition. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 45(3): 465–477. (In Persian with English summary).
Fazeli, M.J. 1992. Biology and control of Sesamia nonagrioides. Botanephaga in the Fars province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 59(l&2): 13–14.
Ghahramani, M., Fallahzadeh, M. & Tabrizian, M. 2015. Evaluation of some factors on the efficiency of Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) pheromone traps in Fars province. Iran. Plant Protection Journal, 7(1): 59–70. [In Persian].
Gilbert, N., & Raworth, D. 1996. Insects and temperature– A general theory. Canadian Entomologist, 128: 1–13. (https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1281–1).
Goebel, F.R., Achadian E. & Mcguire, P. 2014. The economic impact of sugarcane moth borers in Indonesia. Sugar Tech 16 (4): 405–410.
Grist, D.H. & Lever, R.J.A.W. 1969. Pests of rice. London: Longmans. pp: 520.150s.
Hacker, H.H. 1990. Die Noctuidae vorderasiens (Lepidoptera). systematische list miteiner ubersicht uber die verbreitung unter besondere berucksichtigung der fauna der Turkei (einschließlich der Nachbargebiete Balkan, Sudrußland, Westturkestan, Arabische Halbinsel, Agypten). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 27: 1–707.
Hamdi, H. 2015. Sugarcane flowering essential for seed production and breeding to introduce new varieties. Sugarcane Development and By–product Co., Sugarcane Research and Training Institute, Ahwaz, Iran. 152 pp.
Hance, T., van Baaren, J., Vernon, P. & Boivin, G. 2007. Impact of extreme temperatures on parasitoids in a climate change perspective. Annual Review of Entomology, 52: 107–126.
Hilal, A. 1985. Study of the technological alterations of sugarcane due to the attacks of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lep: Noctuidae). Actes de I, Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan–II, 5(1–2): 37– 42.
Horgarth, D.M. & Maiteki, G.A. 2016. Estimates of yield losses caused by stem borers in cereals. Crop Protection. 85: 50–58.
Howard, D.D., Essington, M.E. & Logan, J. 2002. Long–term broadcast and banded phosphorus fertilization of corn produced using two tillage systems. Agronomy Journal, 94(1): 51–56.
Huffaker, C., Berryman, A. & Turchin, P. 1999. Dynamics and regulation of insect populations. In Huffaker, C. and Gutierrez, A. P. (Eds.). Ecological Entomology. Wiley, NewYork, pp: 269305.
Hughes, G.M. 1996. Incorporating spatial pattern of harmful organisms into crop loss models. Crop Protection, 15: 407–421.
Ismail, A.I., Ragab, A.S.R. & Abdel–Raheem, M.A. 2023. Biological and feeding activeties of the pink corn borers, Sesamia cretica Led. treated by plant extracts. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 51(2): 120–130. (http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2023.140910.1247).
James, G. 2004. Sugarcane. Blackwell Publishing. 216p.
Jamshidnia, A. & Behmaram, S. 2025. The thermal requirements of the parasitoid wasp Telenomus busseolae (Hym.: Platygastridae), reared on Sesamia nonagrioides (Lep.: Noctuidae), under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 48(3): 1–16. (https://doi.org/10.22055/ppr.2025.50176.1819).
Jamshidnia, A. & Sadeghi. R. 2014. Effect of host species on some biological parameters of the egg parasitoid, Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hym.: Scelionidae), Plant Pests Research, 4 (2): 1–9. (In Persian with English summary).
Jamshidnia, A. 2023. Investigation on sugarcane borer egg parasitism by parasitoid wasp, Telenomus busseolae in plant and ratoon crops. Plant Pest Research, 13(2): 19–29.
Jamshidnia, A., Feyzi Sartakalto, P & Sadeghi, R. 2020. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Led. Infestation. Plant Pest Research, 9 (4): 1–10. (In Persian with English summary).
Jamshidnia, A., Kharazi–Pakdel, A., Allahyari, H. & Soleymannejadian, E. 2010. Functional response of Telenomus busseolae (Hym.: Scelionidae) an egg parasitoid of the sugarcane stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lep.: Noctuidae) at different temperatures. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 20(6): 631–640.
Johnson, J.L., Zapata, H. & Heagler, A. 1995. Technical efficiency in sugarcane processing. Journal of Agribusiness, 13: 28 –33.
Kfir, R., Overholt, W.A., Khan, Z.R. & Polaszek, A. 2002. Biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology, 47:701–731. (https://doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201. 145254).
Khadempour, A., Soraghi, A., Kardoni, F. & Ashouri, S. 2022. Study of the Sesamia cretica population control using fibronil insecticide in sugarcane fields of Khuzestan Pprovince. Research on Crop Ecophysiology, 17/2 (2): 122–128.
Khan, Z.R., Midega, C.A.O., Pittchar, J.O., Murage, A.W. & Pickett, J.A. 2017. Achieving food security through sustainable pest management. Scientific Reports, 7: 45201.
Khanjani, M., 2009. Field crop pests in Iran. Bu–Ali Sina University Press, Hamadan, Iran.
Khanjani, M., 2004. Iran crops pests (insects and mites). Bu–Ali Sina University in Hamedan. pp: 719.
Lapshin, D.N. & Federova, M.V. 1996. Responses of the tympanic organs of cutworm moth (Amphipyra perfina: Noctuidae) to ultrasound impulses. Sensory System, 10: 1–11.
Mehravar, N., Esfandiari, M., & Soheilifar, P. 2017. Identification of two stem borers, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lep.: Noctuidae) and S. cretica by DNA barcoding. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 40 (2): 63–74. (In Persian with English summary).
Minab, F., Rakhshani, E., Talamas, E.J. & Ghafouri Moghaddam, M. 2023. A checklist of Platygastridae and Scelionidae (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea) of Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 9 (2): 343–383.
Mirkarimi, A. 1987. Biological studies on sorghum borer Sesamia cretica Led. (Lep.: Noctuidae). Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 18(1 & 2): 17–36.
Momeni, H., Kazemi, H., Ranjbar Aghdam, H., & Hadizadeh, M.H. 2016. Corn handbook (plant protection). Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 136 pages. (In Persian).
Mortazavi Malekshah, S.A. 2024. Effect of different sugarcane cultivars on some ecophysiological aspects of Sesamia nonagrioides and its egg parasitoid wasp Telenomus busseolae. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, 140 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Mortazavi Malekshah, S.A., Naseri, B., Ranjbar Aghdam, H., Razmjou, J., Fathi, S.A.A., Ebadollahi, A. & Changbunjong, T. 2022. Physicochemical properties of sugarcane cultivars affected life history and population growth parameters of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 13: 901. (https://doi.org/10.3390/ insects13100901).
Mostafa F.F.M., 1981. Biological and ecological studies on the pink borer Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PhD thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.
Moyal, P. 2014. Why Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest only in portions of Its geographic range: the influence of climate. Available on: https://hal.archives–ouvertes.fr/hal–01087819/document [Accessed 07 April 2019].
Moyal, P., El–Said, M.M. & Mosad, M.M. 2002. Spatio–temporal distribution and enumerative sampling of the pink borer, Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize fFields in Egypt. Insect Science Application, 22(1): 29–40.
Moyal, P., Fediere, G., Semeada, A.M., El–Sheikh, M.A.K., El–Sherif, S. & Abol–Ela, S. 1997. Control of the pink borer, Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize field using a granolosis virus in Egypt. 6th European Meeting in the IOBC/WPRS working group, Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasites Nematodes, August 10–15, 1997, Copenhague (DNK).
Ndemah, R., Schulthess, F., Korie, S., Borgemeister, C., Poehling, H.M. & Cardwell, K. 2003. Factors affecting infestations of the stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in the forest zone of Cameroon with special reference to scelionid egg parasitoids. Environmental Entomology, 35: 51–60.
Parian, H., Seraj, A. A., Askarianzadeh, A. R. and Mohiseni, A. 2012. Investigation on spatial dispersion of sugarcane pink stem Bborers Sesamia spp. (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Ssugarcane fields. Plant Protection, 35(1): 15–24.
Pedigo, L.P., & Buntin, G.D. 1994. Handbook of sampling methods for arthropods in agriculture. CRC Press, Florida, 714 PP.
Polaszek, A. & Khan, Z.R. 1998. Host plants. pp. 3–10 in Polaszek, A. (ed.) African cereal stem borers. economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control CAB International, Wallingford.
Polaszek, A., Ubeku, J.A. & Bosque–Perez, N. 1993. Taxonomy of the Telenomus busseolae species–complex (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) egg parasitoids of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Pyralidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 83:221–226.
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. & Kamali, K. 2002. In vivo rearing of Sesamia cretica and Sesamia nonagrioides botanephaga. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 22 (1): 63–78. (In Persian with English summary).
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. & Kamali, K. 2005. Investigation on biology and efficiency of Platytelenomous hylas Nixon (Hym.: Scelionidae), the egg parasitoid of Sesamia spp. Under laboratory condition. The scientific journal of agriculture, 27(2): 71–81.
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. & Attaran, M.R. 2014. Biological control of the codling moth by Trichogramma embryophagum based on Degree–Hours forecasting model. Biological control of pests and plant diseases, 3(2): 87–96. (https://doi.org/ 10.22059/jbioc. 2014.53380).
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 1999. Possibility of in vivo rearing of Platytelenomus hylas Nixon (Hym., Scelionidae) in order to biological control of the sugarcane stem borers, Sesamia spp., MSc. thesis, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz. 106 pp.
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 2016. Mass rearing of the sugarcane stem borers, Sesamia spp. using semi–artificial diet, pp. 90, Final Report of Research Project, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 2021a. Fundamentals of forecasting of pests in plant protection, considering applied conditions of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture – Jahad, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran. 134 pp.
Ranjbar Aghdam, H. 2021b. Study on the possibility of mass rearing of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on semi–artificial diet. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 41(1): 11–28. (https://doi.org/ 10.22117/jesi.2021.354287. 1414). (In Persian with English summary).
Rosen, D. 1986. The role of taxonomy in effective biological control programs. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 15:121–129.
Saleh, M.M.E., Matter, M.M. & Hussein, M.A. 2000. Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes in controlling Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Egypt. Bulletin of the National Research Center Cairo, 25: 181–188.
Salehi, S.S., Rajabpour, A., Rasekh, A. & Farkhari, M. 2016. Repellency and some biological 306 effects of different ultrasonic waves on Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Product Research, 69: 14–21.
Salehitabar, M., Askarianzadeh, A., Saeidizadeh & Naji A.M. 2012. Effect of several diets on adult and reproduction stages of pink stem borer, Sesamia cretica under laboratory conditions. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 26–29 August, Shiraz University. (In Persian with English summary).
Sayadmansour, A., Soleyman Nejadian, E., Kocheily, F., Askarianzadeh, A. & Shakarami, J. 2009. The fluctuation of egg population of sugarcane stem borers, Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre and its parasitism by Platytelenomus hylas Nixon in relation to sugarcane phenology. Journal of Entomological Research, 1(1):13–21. (In Persian with English summary).
Sayadmansour, A.R. 2006. Investigation on population fluctuation of Platutelenomus hylas Nixon an egg parasitoid of sugarcane stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides in north of Khuzestan. Msc., thesis, Shahid Chamran University.
Scheibelreiter, G. K. 2009. Sugarcane stem borers (Lep., Noctuidae and Pyralidae) in Ghana. Journal of Applied Entomology. 89:87–99.
Schulthess, F., Chabi–Olaye, A. & Goergen, G. 2001. Seasonal fluctuations of noctuid stem borer egg parasitism in southern Benin with special reference to Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Telenomus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on maize. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11(6): 745–757.
Sedaratian, A., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A. A. & Farahani, S. 2010. Population Density and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Different Soybean Varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12: 275–288.
Sedighi, L. 2015. Study on the effect of semi–artificial and natural diets on demographic parameters of the sugarcane stem borers, Sesamia spp., the host of parasitoid wasp, Telenomus busseolae. PhD Thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural Entomology Dep. Agriculture and Natural Resource Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch. 116 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Sedighi, L., Ranjbar Aghdam, H., Imani, S. & Shojaei, M. 2016. Study on the effect of natural and artificial diets on pupal stage of stem borers, Sesamia cretica Lederer and Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre in comparison with wild population. Journal of Entomological Research, 8 (1):47–57.
Sedighi, L., Ranjbar Aghdam, H., Imani, S. & Shojaei, M. 2017. Age–stage two–sex life table analysis of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lep.: Noctuidae) reared on different host plants. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 50 (9–10): 438–453. (https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2017.1323464).
Seraj, A.A. 2001. Damage and assessment of losses caused on sugar cane by Sesamia cretica (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Khuzestan region. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Nature Resources, water and Soil Science, 5 (2): 169–179. (In Persian with English summary).
Setamou, M. & Schulthess, F. 1995. The influence of the egg parasitoids belonging to the Telenomus busseolae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) species complex on Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in maize fields in southern Benin. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 5: 69–81.
Shiferaw, B., Prasanna, B.M., Hellin, J. & Bänziger, M. (2011). Crops that feed the world 6. past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security. Food security, 3:307–327. (https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12571–011–0140–5).
Shishehbor, P. 2002. Biological control by natural enemies (Paul De Bach & David Rosen) (Translation). Shahid Chamran University. 554 pp. [In Persian].
Shojai, M., Abdul Razagh, Z. A., Nasrollahi, A.A., Momni, Sh. & Kazemi, K. 1989. Perliminary study on the egg parasitoid of Sesamia–moths and its role in integrated pest management of corn pest in Iran. pp.62, Proceeding of the 9th Plant Protection Congress of Iran, 9–14 September, 1989, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran.
Shojai, M., Abbasipour, H. Nasrollahi, A. & Labbafi, Y. 1995. Technology and biocenotic aspects of integrated biocontrol of corn stem borer: Sesamia cretica Led. (Lep.: Noctuidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Islamic Azad University Press, 1: 5–32.
Singh, P. & Ashby, M.D. 1985. Insect rearing management, pp: 185–215. In: Singh, P. & Moore, R.F. (eds.), Hand book of insect rearing. Elsevier science publishing company Inc, New York, U.S.A.
Soltani Orang, F., Ranjbar Aghdam, H., Abbasipour, H. & Askarianzadeh, A. 2014. Effect of Temperature on Developmental Rate of Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages. Journal of Insect Science, 14(197): 1–7. (https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieu059).
Sorour, M.A. Khamiss, O., Abd El– Wahab, A.S., El– Sheikh, M.A.K. & Abul–Ela, S. 2011. An economically modified semi–synthetic diet for mass rearing the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littolaris. Academic Journal of Entomology. 4(3): 118–123.
Taherkhani, K. & Moazen Rezamahaleh, H. 2012. Sugarcane stem borers and their managements. Iranian Sugarcane Training Institute (ISCRTI), Sugarcane Development Product Co., 27 pages. [In Persian].
Temerak, S.A. & Negm, A. A. 1979. Impact and differential effect of certain biomortality factors on the eggs and newly–hatched larvae of the pink borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer on two sugarcane varieties. Zeitschrift für Angewandtw Entomologie, 88: 313–318.
Toms, W.H.T. & Bowden, J. 1953. A revision of the African species of Sesamia Guene´e and related genera (Agrotidae: Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43: 645–678.
van Lenteren, J.C., Bolckmans, K., Ko¨hl, J., Ravensberg, W.J. & Urbaneja, A. 2018. Biological control using invertebrates and microorganisms: plenty of new opportunities. BioControl, 63:39–59. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526–017–9801–4).
Velasco, P., Revilla, P., Monetti, L., Butron, A., Ordas, A. and Malvar, R. A. 2007. Corn borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Crambidae) in northwestern Spain: Population Dynamics and Distribution. Maydica, 52: 195–203.
Wigglesworth, V. 1972. The principles of insect physiology. Chapman and Hall. London.
Zaki, F.N., K.T. Awadallah & Gesraha, M.A. 1997. Parasitism by Meteorus rubens on Agrotis ipsilon as affected by supplementary food and kairomone, field studies. Anzeiger für Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 70: 117–119.
Zilli, A., Ronkay, L., & Fibiger, M. 2005. Apameini. Noctuidae Europaeae. Entomological Press, Sorø, Denmark. P. 323.