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تحلیل وضعیت کشت، تولید و فرآوری چغندرقند و نیشکر طی 55 سال اخیر در ایران | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 41، شماره 2، اسفند 1404، صفحه 331-340 اصل مقاله (505.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: گزارش کوتاه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2026.372829.1407 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ابراهیم حسین پور* 1؛ رحیم محمدیان2 | ||
| 1دفترگیاهان صنعتی، معاونت زراعت، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی | ||
| 2استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این گزارش بررسی آماری سطح کشت، عملکرد محصول در واحد سطح، مقدار شکر تولیدی، ضریب خوداتکایی شکر و همچنین واردات شکر طی 55 سال اخیر در ایران است. نتایج نشان داد سطح کشت چغندرقند در 55 سال اخیر باوجود نوسانات، روند کاهشی داشته است؛ به طوریکه در دهه اخیر (1404-1395) در مقایسه با دهه 50 میزان سطح کشت حدود 31 درصد کاهش یافته است. اما از نظر مقدار تولید و عملکرد محصول و شکر علیرغم مشاهده نوسانات، روند کلی آن افزایشی و در ده سال اخیر در مقایسه با دهه 50 به ترتیب حدود 65، 137 و 131 درصد افزایش یافته است. میزان سطح کشت و تولید نیشکر در 55 سال اخیر روند افزایشی داشته، به طوریکه در ده سال اخیر در مقایسه با دهه 50 به ترتیب حدود 606 و 538 درصد افزایش یافته است. مقدار تولید شکر نیز در این دوره افزایش یافته است و مقایسه دو ده سال ذکر شده حاکی از رشد 5/2 برابری تولید شکر است. با این وجود میزان واردات طی این دوره روند افزایشی داشت و ضریب خود اتکائی شکر در دهه 60 در مقایسه با دهه 50 کاهش و پس از آن به تدریج افزایش یافته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شکر تولیدی؛ ضریب خوداتکایی؛ واردات شکر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of sugar beet and sugarcane cultivation, production, and processing in Iran over the past 55 years-A short report | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ebrahim Hosseinpour1؛ Rahim Mohammadian2 | ||
| 1Industrial Plants Office, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad | ||
| 2Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Sugar is one of the strategic agricultural products for enhancing food security and meeting the energy requirements of the population. Consequently, it has long been regarded as an essential commodity in Iran and has consistently been a major focus of government policies and planning. This report provides an overview of the cultivation, production, and processing of the country's two principal sugar crops, namely sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), over the past 55 years (1971-2025). Sugar beet The cultivated area of sugar beet in Iran has shown a declining trend over the past 55 years. The average cultivated area decreased from more than 170,000 during the first decade of the study period (1971–1980) to approximately 117,000 ha during the last decade (2016–2025). In contrast, both sugar beet production . and root yield have increased substantially. Average production rose from 4.1 million t. year-1 during the first decade to about 6.8 million t. year⁻¹ during the last decade, representing an increase of approximately 65%. During the same period, average root yield increased from 24.2 t. ha⁻¹ to 57.3 t. ha⁻¹, an increase of approximately 137%. In 2025, sugar beet production reached approximately 9.0 million t, with an average root yield of 62.2 t. ha⁻¹. Sugar yield also improved considerably over the study period. The average sugar yield increased from 4.07 t. ha⁻¹ during the first decade to 9.4 t. ha⁻¹ during the last decade, representing an increase of more than 129%. In 2025, sugar yield reached approximately 9.6 t ha⁻¹. Sugarcane The harvested area of sugarcane expanded steadily during the study period, reflecting the development of sugarcane cultivation and the associated processing industry. The average harvested area increased from approximately 12,000 ha during 1971–1980 to about 86,000 ha during 2016-2025, representing more than a sevenfold increase. In 2025, the harvested area exceeded 88,000 ha. Despite this expansion, both sugarcane production and sugar output have recently exhibited a declining trend, mainly because of drought and water scarcity. Sugar production and self-sufficiency Average total sugar production (from sugar beet and sugarcane combined) increased approximately 2.5 fold from about 618,000 t year-1 during the first decade to approximately 1,56 million t. year⁻¹ during the last decade. Self-reliance coefficient: The average national sugar self-sufficiency ratio exceeded 63% during 1971-1980. During the subsequent three decades (1981-2010), this ratio declined below the level observed in the first decade, primarily because of rapid population growth and increased per capita sugar consumption. During the last decade, however, higher domestic sugar production, together with slower population growth and a corresponding moderation in sugar demand, resulted in an improvement in the country's sugar self-sufficiency ratio to approximately 70%. In 2025, the sugar self-sufficiency ratio reached approximately 74%. Sugar imports Sugar imports fluctuated considerably throughout the study period and did not always correspond to domestic demand. Overall, imports increased from an average of approximately 300,000 t year-1 during the first decade to more than 943,000 t year-1 during the last decade. Conclusion The present analysis indicates that the sugar production in Iran has experienced considerable fluctuations over the past 55 years. Climate change, particularly drought and increasing water scarcity, appears to be one of the principal drivers of this production instability. Nevertheless, climatic factors alone do not fully explain the observed trends. Broader issues, including agricultural development policies, sectoral planning, trade management, and market regulations, have also influenced the performance of the sugar sector. Therefore, further research is needed to identify effective strategies for improving the sustainability, resilience, and self-sufficiency of sugar production in Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Self-sufficiency ratio, sugar import, Sugar production | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Anonymous. Center of Statistics, Information and Communication Technology. Deputy Minister of Planning and Economics, Ministery of Agriculture- Jahad; 2026a. https://dpe.maj.ir/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7 (In Persian)
Anonymous. Deputy Minister of Agriculture Affaris, Ministery of Agriculture- Jahad; 2026b. https://zeraat.maj.ir/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87- (In Persian)
Anonymous. Iranian Sugar Factories Syndica; 2026c. http://www.isfs.ir/amartakhassosi1.htm (In Persian)
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