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Persistent Endemicity of Human Brucellosis in Iran: An Underestimated Zoonotic Threat Requiring Strengthened One Health Control | ||
| Archives of Razi Institute | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 04 مرداد 1405 اصل مقاله (246.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Letter to Editor | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.66224/ari.2026.372652.4096 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Piruz Shadbash* | ||
| Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Dear Editor, Brucellosis remains one of the most prevalent zoonotic bacterial infections in the Middle East, with Iran classified as a high incidence country. Caused primarily by Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus, the disease is transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected livestock or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Despite decades of control efforts, brucellosis continues to impose a substantial public health and economic burden in Iran. Human brucellosis is characterized by protean clinical manifestations, including prolonged fever, arthralgia, hepatosplenomegaly, and potential focal complications such as spondylitis and endocarditis. The nonspecific presentation frequently delays diagnosis, contributing to chronicity and relapse. Globally, more than 500,000 new human cases are estimated annually, with the highest incidence reported from the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia. Iran has reported persistent endemic transmission, particularly in rural provinces where animal husbandry is common. The increasing incidence of brucellosis in Iran is mainly attributable to continued animal-to-human transmission in rural settings, informal movement of infected livestock, inadequate vaccination coverage in small ruminants, and persistent exposure through traditional dairy consumption practices. The World Health Organization recommends doxycycline combined with rifampicin or streptomycin; however, treatment failures and relapse rates remain significant, especially in complicated cases. No licensed human vaccine is currently available, underscoring the importance of animal vaccination and food safety interventions. In conclusion, brucellosis remains an underestimated but persistent zoonotic threat in Iran. Reinforcing integrated human animal health strategies is imperative to reduce disease burden and prevent long term complications. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Brucellosis؛ zoonotic bacterial infections؛ Iran؛ doxycycline؛ rifampicin؛ streptomycin | ||
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