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معرفی چهار رکورد جدید از کفشدوزکها برای استان سمنان، ایران | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 05 تیر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: گزارش کوتاه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2026.372549.415 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مریم عجم حسنی* | ||
| استادیار،گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کفشدوزکها به عنوان مهمترین گروه کلاسیک شکارگر حشرات محسوب می شوند. شناخت انواع جمعیتهای کفشدوزکها اولین گام در جهت توسعه برنامه های کنترل بیولوژیک است. استان سمنان دارای فون غنی دشمنان طبیعی است. در سال 2025، نمونه برداری از اکوسیستمهای باغ، مرتع، مزرعه انجام شد. نمونه ها دستی و با تکاندن سرشاخه ها و بوته های علفی روی سینی سفید جمع آوری شده و درون شیشه های حاوی الکل قرار داده شدند و به آزمایشگاه جهت بررسی منتقل شدند. با استفاده از کلیدهای شناسایی نمونه ها مطالعه و شناسایی شدند. قبلا 20 گونه کفشدوزک در این استان شناسایی شد. طی نمونه برداری در سال 2025، چهار گونه جدید از این حشرات برای اولین بار در استان سمنان شناسایی شد Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius, 1781), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), Exochomus gebleri (Weise, 1885), Exochomus undulatus (Weise, 1878).. M. sexmaculatus عمدتا روی درختان پسته، H. axyridis روی گردو و پسته فعالیت داشتند. E. gebleri روی پسته و زیتون و E. undulatus روی چمن مشاهده شد. مطالعه فونستیک کفشدوزکها می تواند مقدمه مطالعات بعدی در خصوص چگونگی استفاده از این گروه مهم بیولوژیکی را فراهم سازد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| فون کفشدوزکها؛ استان سمنان؛ گونه جدید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Introducing four new records to the ladybird (Coccinellidae) fauna of Semnan Province, Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Ajamhassani | ||
| Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The use of natural enemies in biological control programs has long played an important role in pest management. Predators and parasitoids, together with agronomic, mechanical, and microbial control methods and the use of pheromone–based traps, have substantially reduced pesticide use in many orchards and agricultural systems (Askary et al., 2009; Pervez, 2018). Extensive pesticide application has caused several well–documented adverse effects, including pest resistance, outbreaks of secondary pests, and environmental contamination. The family Coccinellidae, which includes more than 6000 species worldwide, represents one of the most important groups of biological control agents of pests such as aphids, thrips, flies, psyllids, mites, and pest eggs (Bouchard et al., 2017; Majerus, 1994). Color patterns on the elytra and pronotum of ladybirds are highly diverse. Elytra often bear spots that vary in size, number, and coloration, even among individuals of the same species. These patterns form the basis for the common naming of many ladybird species. Variation in coloration can also produce distinct light and dark morphs, resulting in well–known cases of polymorphism in several taxa (Hodek et al., 2012). Because ladybirds play an important role in biological control, documenting the fauna of each region is an essential first step for future ecological and applied studies. Numerous investigations have reported ladybird fauna from different provinces of Iran across various ecosystems, including orchards, agricultural fields, forests, and urban green spaces (Biranvand et al., 2020). Semnan Province is known to host a diverse ladybird fauna across these habitats. For example, 20 active species, many showing polymorphism, were previously reported from the Shahrood, Bastam, and Abr Forest regions (Toozandejani et al., 2017; Toozandejani et al., 2021). During the spring of 2025, additional sampling of ladybirds was conducted in several areas of Semnan Province. Adult specimens were collected manually using an aspirator or by shaking shrubs and tree branches over a white tray. Specimens were then transported to the laboratory and preserved in vials containing 75% ethanol. External morphology and male and female genitalia were examined, and specimens were identified using standard taxonomic keys (Honek et al., 2005). The examined material included four species belonging to two tribes and three genera: Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius, 1781), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), Exochomus gebleri (Weise, 1885), and Exochomus undulatus (Weise, 1878). The two most abundant species were H. axyridis and M. sexmaculatus, with 900 and 521 collected individuals, respectively. Both species were mainly associated with walnut and pistachio trees in orchards of Semnan, Damghan, and Shahrood. E. gebleri was recorded from pistachio and olive trees in Semnan and Shahrood, where four individuals were collected. E. undulatus was observed on Poa spp. in Dibaj, represented by a single specimen. All four species are reported here for the first time from Semnan Province. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Coccinellidae،Semnan، Iran, new records | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Askary, H., Zargaran, M.R., Al–Mansor, H., Mansor–Ghazi, M., Barimani, M.H., Tabrizian, M. & Ajam–Hasani, M. 2009. Evaluation of trap shape and pheromone dispensers in capturing Male Tortrix viridana (Lep.: Tortricidae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 87: 33–50. (in Persian) Biranvand, A., Nedvĕd, O., Karimi, S., Vahedi, H., Hesami, SH., Lotfalizadeh, H., Ajamhasani, M. & Ceryngier, P. 2020. Parasitoids of the ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Iran: an update, Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 56: 2, 106–114, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2020.1717378 Bouchard, P., Smith, ABT., Douglas, H., Gimmel, M.L., Brunke, A.J. & Kanda, K. 2017. Chapter 11. Biodiversity of coleoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH (eds) Insect biodiversity: science and society. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Hoboken, pp 337–417. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1002/ 97811 18945 568. ch11 Hodek, I. 2012. Diapause development in Aelia acuminata females (Heteroptera), Věstník Československé společnosti zoologické, 3: 178–194. Honek, A., Martinkova, Z. & Pekar, S. 2005. Temporal stability of morph frequency in central European populations of Adalia bipunctata and Adalia. decempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 102: 437–442 Majerus, MEN. 1994. Ladybirds. Harper Collins, London. Pervez A, Chandra S. 2018. Host plant‐mediated prey preference and consumption by adult ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control. 28:54. p.1–6. Toozandejani, M. and Ajamhassani, M. 2021. Faunistic survey of ladybirds (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Shahrood region (Semnan province) and determination of dominant species. Journal of Animal Research (Iranian Journal of Biology) 34 (3), 141–155 Toozandejani, M., Ajamhassani, M. & Sadeghi, S.E. 2017. Polymorphism of the ladybird, Adalia (Col.: Coccinellidae) on foresty and ornamental plants in Shahrood and Bastam regions. Iranian Journal of Forest & Range Protection Research, 20(2): 94–106. | ||
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