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تحلیلی بر عوامل زنده و غیر زنده مؤثر در پرورش سن شکارگر Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) ، برای کنترل آفات گیاهان گلخانه ای | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 05 تیر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2026.371919.409 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید عظیم سجادی1؛ سید حسن ملکشی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده موفقیت در پرورش انبوه شکارگرM. pygmaeus به تأمین رژیم غذایی مناسب و فراهم‌سازی بستر تخمریزی بهینه وابسته است. عوامل یاد شده مستقیماً بر رشد، زنده‌مانی، باروری و کارایی شکارگر تأثیر می‌گذارند. در این مطالعه، تاثیر منابع غذایی مختلف، از جمله تخم بیدآرد به‌عنوان منبع غذایی با ارزش غذایی بالا و قابلیت ذخیره‌سازی طولانی مدت، مکمل‌های غذایی نظیر سیست آرتمیا و منابع گرده گیاهان، در پرورش این شکارگر بررسی شد. انتخاب گیاهان میزبان مناسب، مانند گیاه توتون، به دلیل رژیم غذایی گیاه‌خواری- گوشت‌خواری، به‌عنوان بستر تخمریزی و منبع تغذیه تکمیلی، در حفظ چرخه زیستی شکارگر اهمیت دارد. عوامل محیطی، به ویژه دما، رطوبت نسبی و نور نیز نقش کلیدی در تنظیم رفتارهای زیستی و تولیدمثل این گونه دارند؛ به‌طوری که دمای مطلوب 30–25 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی70–60 درصد و فتوپریود با 14 ساعت روشنایی با امکان استفاده از نور ترکیبیHPSL و LED قرمز، بیشترین تاثیر مثبت را بر عملکرد شکارگر نشان می‌دهد. چالش‌های مدیریتی، از جمله آلودگی میکروبی، حضور عوامل مزاحم زیستی مانند مورچه‌ها و زنبورهای پارازیتوئید و رفتار همخواری، بر کارایی پرورش اثرگذار هستند و نیازمند راهکارهای پیشگیرانه و مدیریتی دقیق می‌باشند. برای افزایش موفقیت رهاسازی در گلخانه‌ها، شبیه‌سازی زیستگاه طبیعی، تنوع‌بخشی به منابع غذایی و آماده‌سازی رفتار شکارگری موجب افزایش سازگاری رفتاری، بهبود پراکنش، تخمریزی و کارایی شکارگری M. pygmaeus می‌شود. بنابراین کنترل عوامل زنده و غیرزنده در انسکتاریومها و کاربرد رژیم غذایی چندمنظوره و گیاهان میزبان تا کنترل دقیق شرایط محیطی و مدیریت عوامل مزاحم، می‌تواند راهگشای توسعه پرورش بهینه و پایدار M. pygmaeus در برنامه‌های کنترل زیستی گلخانه‌ای باشد. بهینه سازی پرورش انبوه و رفع موانع تولید، موجب دستیابی به فناوری تولید انبوه سن شکارگر M. pygmaeus در موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور شد. این فناوری در سال 1397 در قالب یک قرارداد پژوهشی فناوری به شرکت کشت و صنعت کشاورزی و دامپروری فجر صفای لرستان منتقل شد و هم اکنون شرکت مذکور اقدام به تولید و عرضه سن شکارگر ماکرولوفوس به گلخانه‌های شرکت و سرتاسر کشور میکند، متعاقب آن با شرکت‌های ارس تارلا امیر جلفا و شکارگران زیستی ارم خراسان شمالی قراردادهایی به ترتیب طی سالهای 1399 و 1400 منعقد شد و فناوری مذکور به آنها نیز انتقال یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پرورش انبوه؛ رژیم غذایی؛ شرایط محیطی؛ عوامل زنده؛ Macrolophus pygmaeus | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A comprehensive analysis of biotic and abiotic factors affecting the rearing of the predatory bug Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) for the control of pests in greenhouse plants | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Azim Sajadi1؛ Hassan Malkeshi2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract The successful mass rearing of the biological predator M. pygmaeus depends on providing an appropriate diet and an optimal oviposition substrate. These factors directly influence the predator’s growth, survival, fecundity, and efficiency. In this study, the effects of different food sources were evaluated, including flour moth eggs as a high-nutritional-value food with long-term storage capability, dietary supplements such as Artemia cysts, and plant pollen sources for rearing this predator.The selection of suitable host plants, such as tobacco, is important for maintaining the predator’s life cycle due to its zoophytophagous (plant- and prey-feeding) diet, serving both as an oviposition substrate and a supplementary food source. Environmental factors, particularly temperature, relative humidity, and light, also play key roles in regulating biological behaviors and reproduction of this species. Optimal conditions of 25–30 °C, 60–70% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14 hours of light, with the possibility of using combined HPSL and red LED lighting, showed the most positive effects on predator performance. Management challenges, including microbial contamination, the presence of nuisance biotic agents such as ants and parasitoid wasps, and cannibalistic behavior, affect rearing efficiency and require precise preventive and management strategies. To enhance release success in greenhouses, simulation of natural habitats, diversification of food resources, and preparation of predatory behavior increase behavioral adaptability, improve dispersal, oviposition, and predation efficiency of M. pygmaeus. Therefore, controlling biotic and abiotic factors in insectaries, applying multifunctional diets and host plants, precisely regulating environmental conditions, and managing nuisance factors can facilitate the development of optimal and sustainable mass rearing of M. pygmaeus in greenhouse biological control programs. Optimization of mass rearing and removal of production constraints led to the development of mass-production technology for the predatory bug M. pygmaeus at the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. In 2018 (1397), this technology was transferred to Fajr Safa Lorestan Agro-Industry and Livestock Company under a research and technology contract, and the company is currently producing and supplying the predatory bug Macrolophus to its own greenhouses and to greenhouses across the country. Subsequently, contracts were signed with Aras Tarela Amir Jolfa and Arm Biological Predators of North Khorasan in 2020 and 2021, respectively, and the technology was transferred to them as well. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Mass rearing, Diet, Environmental factors, Biotic factors, Macrolophus pygmaeus | ||
| مراجع | ||
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