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بهره وری آب و ارزیابی تحمل به کمآبی در ارقام و ژنوتیپهای پرمحصول سیب‌زمینی در منطقه اردبیل | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 26، شماره 101، دی 1404، صفحه 82-65 اصل مقاله (1010.49 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2026.372199.1642 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کرامت اخوان گیگلو1؛ داود حسن پناه* 2؛ احمد موسی پور گرجی3؛ یوسف جهانی جلودار4 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران. | ||
| 2استاد بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار بخش تحقیقات سبزی، صیفی و حبوبات آبی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 4محقق بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گیاه سیب‌زمینی حساس به تنش کمآبی است و در دسترس بودن آب کافی برای افزایش کیفیت و کمیت غدۀ سیب‌زمینی ضروری خواهد بود. هدف از این تحقیق دستیابی به ارقام برتر از نظر صفات زراعی، بازارپسندی، سازگاری با شرایط اقلیمی منطقۀ اردبیل و متحملبودن به تنش کمآبی و تعیین کارآیی مصرف آب در ارقام سیب‌زمینی در شرایط کم‌آبیاری در منطقه اردبیل است. به‌منظور ارزیابی تعدادی از ارقام برتر سیب‌زمینی، در سال 1403 و 1404 پژوهشی در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات سیب‌زمینی کشور مستقر در شهرستان اردبیل به‌اجرا در آمد. شانزده ژنوتیپ و رقم پرمحصول و با مصارف مختلف (چیپس، خلال، نشاسته، سرخ کردن و تازه‌خوری) در این آزمایش بررسی شدند. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت بلوک بر پایۀ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. کرت افقی شامل سه سطح آبیاری (100 ،80 و 60 درصد آب قابل استفاده) و کرت عمودی شامل 16 ژنوتیپ و رقم سیب‌زمینی بودند. روش آبیاری به‌صورت قطره‌ای (تیپ) و طبق برنامه براساس تیمارهای مورد نظر انتخاب شد. مقدار آب ورودی به هر کرت آزمایشی با کنتور آب اندازه‌گیری گردید. شاخص تحمل به تنش کمآبی (STi) در ارقام سیب زمینی محاسبه شد. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد بین سطوح تنش کمآبی، ژنوتیپ‌ها، اثرمتقابل ژنوتیپ‌ها و سال، اثرمتقابل تنش کمآبی و ژنوتیپ‌ها و اثرمتقابل سه جانبه تنش کمآبی، ژنوتیپ‌ها و سال از لحاظ صفات عملکرد غده، وزن غده در بوته و کارایی مصرف آب و بین سطوح تنش کمآبی، ژنوتیپ‌ها و اثرمتقابل تنش کمآبی و ژنوتیپ‌ها از لحاظ صفات تعداد غده در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقۀ اصلی در بوته، درصد مادۀ خشک غده و شاخص سطح برگ اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد غده، وزن غده در بوته و کارایی مصرف آب در شرایط نرمال، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید مربوط به ژنوتیپ1043 و ارقام یورواستارچ و جاوید بودند. میزان کاهش عملکرد غده در شرایط تنش ملایم 15 درصد و در شرایط تنش شدید 32 درصد مشاهده شد. ارقام متحمل به تنش کمآبی تعداد غده کمتر داشتند اما اندازۀ غدۀ آنها بیشتر بود. درصد ماده خشک غده و کارایی مصرف آب در ارقام متحمل به کمآبی در شرایط تنش ملایم و شدید افزایش نشان داد. در زمینۀ تحمل به تنش (STi)، ژنوتیپ 1043 و ارقام یورواستارچ و جاوید به عنوان ژنوتیپهای متحمل به تنش ملایم و شدید انتخاب شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیب‌زمینی؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ کمبود آب؛ صفات کیفی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Water productivity and of water deficit tolerance evaluation in high-yielding potato cultivars and genotypes in Ardabil region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Karamat Akhavan Geglouَ1؛ Davoud Hassanpanah2؛ Ahmad Mousapour Gorji3؛ Yousef Jahani Jelodar4 | ||
| 1Engineering Technical Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 2Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 3Vegetable Crops Research Department,, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 4Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Water deficit is a common stress in potato production that leads to a decrease in tuber quality and yield. Potato plants are sensitive to water deficit stress, and sufficient water availability is essential to increase the quality and quantity of potato tubers, so the aim of this study was to achieve superior cultivars in terms of agronomic traits, marketability, adaptation to regional climatic conditions, and water deficit stress tolerance, and to determine water use efficiency in potato cultivars under low irrigation conditions in Ardabil region. Methodology In order to evaluate a number of superior potato cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2024 and 2025 at the National Potato Research Station farm located in Ardabil. A total of 16 high-yielding genotypes and cultivars with different uses (Chips, French fries, Starch and Fresh consumption) were investigated in this experiment. The experiment was split-block based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The horizontal plot included three irrigation levels (100, 80, and 60 percent of crop water requirement) and the vertical plot included 16 potato genotypes and cultivars. The tubers were planted in rows with 75 cm spacing and 25 cm plant spacing, and a planting depth of 10 cm. The irrigation method was drip (tape) and according to the schedule based on the desired treatments. The amount of water entering each experimental plot was measured with a water meter. The water deficit stress tolerance index (STi) was calculated in potato cultivars. Results The results of the analysis of variance of the studied traits showed that there were significant differences between the levels of water deficit stress, genotypes, the interaction of genotypes and year. Also, the interaction of water deficit stress and genotypes, and the three-way interaction of water deficit stress, genotypes and year in terms of the traits of tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, and water use efficiency, and between the levels of water deficit stress, genotypes were significant. The highest tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, and water use efficiency under normal, mild stress, and severe stress conditions were found in genotypes 1043, Eurostarch, and Javid. The decrease in tuber yield under mild stress conditions was 12 percent and 28 percent under severe stress conditions. Conclusion Water deficit stress tolerant cultivars had fewer tubers but larger tuber sizes. Tuber dry matter percentage and water use efficiency increased in water deficit tolerant cultivars under mild and severe stress conditions. Based on the stress tolerance index (STi), G1043 genotype, Eurostar, and Javid cultivars were selected as tolerant genotypes to mild and severe stress. Keywords: Potato, Water use efficiency, Water deficit, Quality traits | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Potato, Water use efficiency, Water deficit, Quality traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
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