Evaluation of the effects of various growth hormones and yeast extract as an elicitor on biochemical, morphophysiological, and metabolic characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. in in vitro callus culture | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| Article 11, Volume 42, Issue 1 - Serial Number 127, June 2026, Pages 174-202 PDF (1.85 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijmapr.2026.369494.3545 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Younes Mahmoudi1; Mojgan Soleimanizadeh* 2; Alireza Yavari2 | ||
| 1M.S. Student, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background and Objective: In plant tissue culture, improving callus induction and enhancing physiological, biochemical, and metabolic traits is highly important. Using natural elicitors such as yeast extract combined with plant growth regulators can effectively boost bioactive compound production and improve callus quality. Chrysanthemum morifolium L., a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant, requires optimized in vitro culture conditions to increase beneficial metabolite production. This study investigated the effects of various growth hormones and yeast extract as an elicitor on the biochemical, morpho-physiological, and metabolic characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. callus under in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: In this study, we prepared MS culture medium for Chrysanthemum morifolium L. cell cultivation and added various hormonal combinations, including NAA, BAP, and 2,4-D, to optimize callus induction. We disinfected seeds using benomyl fungicide, ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite. We then collected leaf and stem explants from young plants and cultured them in the prepared media. We conducted the experiments in a completely randomized design with five hormonal levels, two explant types, and two light conditions. We also added yeast extract (0, 1000, 1200, and 1400 mg/L) to the culture medium and evaluated its effect on callus characteristics. Finally, we measured various callus traits, including fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and others. We performed statistical analysis using SAS software and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The highest callus induction percentage (96.66%), shortest callus initiation time, and greatest fresh weight, dry weight, and callus volume occurred in treatment E1H5L (leaf explant, 2 mg/L BAP + 2 mg/L 2,4-D under light conditions). Yeast extract at 1000 mg/L showed the best performance in enhancing fresh weight (2.09 g), dry weight (1.128 g), and callus volume (1.35 mm³). Treatments with 1200 and 1400 mg/L yeast extract also had positive effects but were less effective. In the control treatment, chlorophyll a had the lowest content (11.51 mg/g FW), while the 1000 mg/L yeast extract treatment had the highest level (24.33 mg/g FW). For chlorophyll b, the 1000 mg/L treatment also performed best (16.39 mg/g FW). Carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, and proline increased with higher yeast extract concentrations, especially at 1400 mg/L. Malondialdehyde content decreased, while catalase and peroxidase enzyme activities significantly increased across all treatments. Conclusion: The optimal yeast extract concentration for improving biochemical, morphophysiological, metabolic, and antioxidant traits was 1000 mg/L. These results highlight yeast extract's potential as an effective tool in plant tissue culture to enhance callus characteristics, supporting its future use in medicinal plant research and agricultural development. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Bioelicitors; yeast extract; callus formation; antioxidant activity; Invitro culture | ||
| References | ||
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