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تأثیر عصاره جلبک دریایی سارگاسوم (Sargassum johnstonii) بر رشد و ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی سرخارگل (Echinacea angustifolia L.) در شرایط تنش شوری | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 42، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 127، خرداد 1405، صفحه 92-115 اصل مقاله (1.68 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2026.368819.3529 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سحر سرافراز1؛ مرضیه قنبری جهرمی* 2؛ مرجان دیانت3 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین عوامل اقلیمی که بر توزیع و پراکنش گیاهان سراسر جهان تأثیرگذار بوده و میتواند تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی در گیاه ایجاد کند، تنش شوری است. عصاره جلبک دریایی به عنوان یک محرک زیستی طبیعی در کشاورزی مدرن با تقویت سیستم ایمنی گیاهان، مقاومت آنها را در برابر انواع تنشها افزایش میدهد. استفاده از این عصاره میتواند باعث افزایش کلروفیل و بهبود فرایند فتوسنتز شود، که در نهایت منجر به افزایش تولید زیست توده و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی میشود. مواد و روشها: این تحقیق برای بررسی رشد، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی سرخارگل (Echinacea angustifolia L.) تحت تنش شوری در چهار سطح (صفر، 50، 75 و 100 میلیمولار) و عصاره جلبک دریایی (Sargassum johnstonii) در سه سطح (عدم محلولپاشی (شاهد)، عصاره 1 گرم و 2 گرم در لیتر)؛ به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. بذرهای گیاه سرخارگل از شرکت پاکان بذر تهیه و در گلخانه در سینی نشا کاشته شدند. نشاها پس از رسیدن به مرحله چهار برگی، به گلدان منتقل شدند. تنش شوری با کلرید‌سدیم (NaCl) از طریق آب آبیاری با حجم 50 میلی‌لیتر به فاصله چهار روز اعمال گردید. پس از سه مرتبه آبیاری با آب شور، آبشویی با آب معمولی برای جلوگیری از تجمع نمک در گلدان انجام شد. تنش شوری به مدت 40 روز ادامه یافت. محلولپاشی با عصاره جلبک دریایی سارگاسوم به مدت 40 روز با فاصله 10 روز یکبار در پنج مرتبه انجام شد. در مرحله گلدهی، پس از اندازهگیری صفات مورفولوژیک در گلخانه، برداشت گیاهان انجام شد. صفات مطالعه شده شامل ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و ماده خشک (ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی)، رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a و b برگ) و صفات فیتوشیمیایی (پرولین، کربوهیدرات محلول، فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی) گیاه بود. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر اصلی تنش شوری بر همه صفات معنیدار بود؛ به‌نحوی‌که اثر اصلی تیمار عصاره جلبک دریایی بر اغلب صفات (به‌جز پرولین و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی) تفاوت معنیدار نشان داد. اثر متقابل تیمارها نیز بر تمام صفات، تفاوت معنیدار داشت. تنش شوری 100 میلیمولار NaCl سبب کاهش شدید رشد گیاه و صفاتی مانند ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی شد. محتوای رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی گیاه با افزایش مقدار نمک NaCl کاهش یافت. استفاده از عصاره جلبک دریایی سبب کاهش اثر منفی تنش شوری در سرخارگل شد و به نوعی شدت آن را تعدیل کرد؛ اگرچه بیشترین مقادیر عددی این صفات در شرایط عدم تنش شوری و کاربرد عصاره جلبک 2 گرم در لیتر مشاهده گردید؛ بنابراین میتوان این گونه بیان کرد که در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری، افزایش غلظت عصاره جلبک تا 2 گرم در لیتر موجب بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه سرخارگل شد. در تیمار 75 میلیمولار NaCl، بیشترین مقدار ترکیب‌های فنلی سرخارگل (فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل) و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی گیاه مشاهده گردید؛ اگرچه افزایش غلظت عصاره جلبک در این صفات نیز به عنوان محرک تولید ترکیب‌های مؤثره عمل نمود. همچنین به موجب آن سنتز کربوهیدرات محلول و پرولین نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت که موجب مقاومت بهتر گیاه به شرایط نامساعد محیطی شد. از میان غلظتهای جلبک دریایی، عصاره جلبک 2 گرم در لیتر اثر مثبت بیشتری بر صفات مورد مطالعه حتی در شرایط عدم تنش شوری داشت. نتیجهگیری: نتایج کلی تحقیق نشان داد که گیاه سرخارگل نسبت به تنش شوری خیلی مقاوم نبوده و کاهش عملکرد کاملاً مشهود بود. عصاره جلبک دریایی اگرچه منجر به تعدیل اثرهای تنش شوری در گیاه سرخارگل شد اما غلظت 2 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک نقش بیشتری در تعدیل شدت تنش شوری با افزایش رشد و تولید ترکیبات متابولیک گیاه داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پرولین؛ تنش شوری؛ عصاره جلبک؛ فنل کل؛ محتوای کلروفیل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of seaweed (Sargassum johnstonii) extract on the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of Echinacea angustifolia L. under salt stress conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sahar Sarafraz1؛ Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi2؛ Marjan Diyanat3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch (SR.C.), Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch (SR.C.), Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy Science, Science and Research Branch (SR.C.), Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objective: Salinity stress is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting plant distribution worldwide, as it induces a wide range of morphophysiological and biochemical changes. Seaweed extract, widely recognized as a natural biostimulant in modern agriculture, can enhance plant defense mechanisms and improve tolerance to various stresses. Its application has been shown to increase chlorophyll content and enhance photosynthetic efficiency, ultimately contributing to greater biomass accumulation and improved crop yield. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of the medicinal plant Echinacea angustifolia L. under salinity stress and seaweed extract application. Salinity stress was applied at four levels (0, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl), and Sargassum johnstonii extract was used at three levels (no foliar application as control, 1 g/L, and 2 g/L). The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Seeds were obtained from Pakan Seed Company and germinated in seedling trays under greenhouse conditions. After reaching the four-leaf stage, seedlings were transplanted into pots. Salinity treatments were applied via irrigation using sodium chloride solution (50 mL) every four days. To prevent salt accumulation, pots were leached with non-saline water after every three saline irrigations. Salinity stress was maintained for 40 days. Foliar application of the seaweed extract was performed at 10-day intervals, resulting in a total of five applications over the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, during the flowering stage, morphological traits were measured in the greenhouse, and plant samples were harvested for laboratory analyses at the Food Science Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch. Measured parameters included morphophysiological traits (plant height, leaf number, number of lateral branches, and fresh and dry weight of aerial parts), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b), biochemical traits (proline and soluble sugars), and phytochemical characteristics (total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity). Results: The results indicated that the main effect of salinity stress was significant for all measured traits. The main effect of seaweed extract was significant for most traits, except proline content and antioxidant activity. In addition, the interaction between salinity stress and seaweed extract had a significant effect on all traits. Salinity at 100 mM NaCl markedly reduced plant growth, including plant height and the fresh and dry weight of aerial parts. Furthermore, the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) declined with increasing salinity levels. However, the application of seaweed extract alleviated the detrimental effects of salinity stress on Echinacea angustifolia and moderated its impact. The highest values for most growth-related traits were observed under non-saline conditions with the application of 2 g/L seaweed extract. Overall, increasing the concentration of seaweed extract up to 2 g/L improved plant growth and performance across different salinity levels. At 75 mM NaCl, the highest accumulation of bioactive compounds, including total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, was recorded. Increasing seaweed extract concentration further stimulated the production of these compounds. Additionally, salinity stress led to increased accumulation of osmoprotectants such as soluble carbohydrates and proline compared to the control, which likely contributed to enhanced stress tolerance. Among the tested treatments, 2 g/L seaweed extract consistently showed the most positive effects on the evaluated traits, even under non-saline conditions. Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that Echinacea angustifolia is relatively sensitive to salinity stress, with a pronounced decline in growth and yield observed under increasing salinity levels. Although the application of seaweed extract mitigated the adverse effects of salinity, the 2 g/L concentration was the most effective, playing a key role in reducing stress intensity by enhancing plant growth and promoting the accumulation of important metabolites. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Proline, salinity stress, Algae extract, total phenols, chlorophyll content | ||
| مراجع | ||
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